專題42 完形填空滿分策略（講案）原卷版

1/20高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識清單專題42完形填空滿分策略（講案）原卷版（快問快答+思維導(dǎo)圖+考法點撥+真題再練+名校模擬）目錄一、完形填空快問快答P2二、完形填空高考考情P2三、完形填空解題策略P3四、完形填空思維導(dǎo)圖P4五、完形填空考法點撥P5考法一：五大方法速判句內(nèi)層次題P5考法二：四大技巧穩(wěn)抓句組層次題P6考法三：七種邏輯提升語篇層次題P9六、完形填空易錯點及備考建議P11易錯點一：不懂熟詞生義P11易錯點二：未能聯(lián)系上下文P12易錯點三：沒記準(zhǔn)固定搭配含義P13易錯點四：缺乏常識或文化背景知識P13七、完形填空真題演練(2024題組)P14八、完形填空名校模擬(4篇)P22一、完形填空快問快答Q1：完形填空有什么特點？A1：以記敘文、夾敘夾議文為主，說明文為輔，圍繞人與自我、人與社會、人與自然三大主題語境，考查學(xué)生的英語綜合素養(yǎng)和關(guān)鍵能力?？键c設(shè)置以實詞為主，其中對動詞、名詞以及形容詞的考查數(shù)量最多。Q2：完形填空做題步驟如何？A2：第一步:讀“首句”，辨“文體”。學(xué)生應(yīng)該充分利用首句的提示作用，分辨文章體裁，知曉文章大意。第二步:重“脈絡(luò)”，通“結(jié)構(gòu)”。文章的脈絡(luò)和結(jié)構(gòu)就是故事的排列順序和架構(gòu)方式。不論是哪種體裁的文章，其脈絡(luò)和結(jié)構(gòu)都是作者行文思路的體現(xiàn)，對深人理解文章的思想內(nèi)容具有重要意義。第三步:找“線索”，推“邏輯”。學(xué)生在做完形填空試題之前可以先避開選項，根據(jù)文章的線索，自己填出合適的單詞。Q3：完形填空有哪些命題趨勢？A3：閱讀量逐年提高，閱讀時間減少；生詞量有增無減；長句增多，句式靈活，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜；選材地道，內(nèi)容豐富，體現(xiàn)育人功能。Q4：如何提高完形填空正答率？A4：一要掌握完形填空命題規(guī)律和選項特征，二要不斷擴大詞匯量，尤其是3500高考高頻詞匯和歷年熟詞生義，三要廣泛進行專項訓(xùn)練，積累做題經(jīng)驗，摸索出一套行之有效的個性化做題模式，四要重視糾錯，探尋錯誤原因，防止出現(xiàn)類似錯誤。二、完形填空高考考情2020-2024年高考英語完形填空考情分析卷別體裁題材詞數(shù)動詞名詞形容詞副詞介詞2024新課標(biāo)I卷記敘文凡是要有自己主見23485112024新課標(biāo)II卷記敘文友善行為美食力量2279512024全國甲卷記敘文廚房里的祖母聊天276783112023新課標(biāo)I卷記敘文越野賽的善行義舉2257712023新課標(biāo)II卷記敘文幫狗狗與主人團聚20973412023全國甲卷記敘文學(xué)會不要以貌取物24994612023全國乙卷記敘文體操奧運冠軍故事244123412022新課標(biāo)I卷記敘文家庭野營趣味經(jīng)歷218553112022新課標(biāo)II卷記敘文環(huán)球旅行免費住宿2095642022全國甲卷記敘文因狗結(jié)緣愛情故事27787132022全國乙卷說明文孩子捉迷藏的研究26177422021新課標(biāo)I卷記敘文暑期短暫打工體驗2309422021新課標(biāo)II卷記敘文中國警察無畏事跡1927712021全國甲卷記敘文致歉酒店終獲原諒242105412021全國乙卷夾敘夾議女患巧妙感謝醫(yī)護261107122020新課標(biāo)卷記敘文海島植樹保護環(huán)境22556312020全國卷I記敘文請不要對孩子說謊251683212020全國卷II記敘文競拍名畫竟是真跡287114322020全國卷III記敘文應(yīng)對難對付的顧客26583612三、完形填空解題策略完形填空是全國各地高考英語必考題型之一，它要求考生能夠讀懂一篇有空缺的文章的大意，根據(jù)已學(xué)知識，在整體理解的基礎(chǔ)上，推導(dǎo)出未知內(nèi)容。它具有主觀性測試和客觀性測試的雙重優(yōu)點。它既可以在語篇中考查考生英語基礎(chǔ)知識，即詞匯、語法知識，又可考查考生運用語言知識的能力，如詞語搭配、習(xí)慣用法、詞義辨析、語言交際、文化背景和社會風(fēng)俗等。同時它還要求考生必須具備良好的把握上下文行文邏輯和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。1．高考完形填空題的文章選材廣泛，注重原汁原味，內(nèi)容著重體現(xiàn)新課標(biāo)所要求的“關(guān)注學(xué)生情感，提高人文素養(yǎng)”這一人文理念。文章體裁以記敘文為主。2．文章長度250詞左右，一般設(shè)空20個，設(shè)空平均間距為10個詞左右。首句不設(shè)空。3．考查以語篇內(nèi)容理解為主，注重對文章語境的理解和把握。題型按語境進行分類，可分為句內(nèi)層次題、句組層次題和語篇層次題。語法考查很少見。4．選項以考查實詞為主，如名詞、動詞、形容詞等；虛詞為輔，如介詞、連詞等。完形填空記敘文解題要領(lǐng)內(nèi)容解讀抓住文章中心中心思想有助于明確做題方向，提高針對性。文章題目揭示中心思想；如無題目，抓文章開頭結(jié)尾，尤其是議論抒情的語句，也可抓住文章的中心。明確敘述角度在做題時考生可采用“角色滲透法”，這樣有助于走進作者的思維，深入理解文章的含義。理清寫作順序記敘文的寫作順序有：順敘、倒敘、插敘、補敘、分?jǐn)?，理清寫作順序有助于了解事情發(fā)展的來龍去脈，從而更迅速、準(zhǔn)確地理解文意。明確寫作要素弄清記敘文的6要素(5W1H)，即時間(when)、地點(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)、結(jié)果(how)，抓住這些寫作要素，就基本上抓住了文章的主體。洞悉寫作目的寫作目的是借助敘事、寫人或?qū)懢皝黻U明一個道理，給人以啟迪或教益。完形填空記敘文解題要領(lǐng)內(nèi)容解讀分析結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住作者的觀點借助文章結(jié)構(gòu)，即事例→觀點，觀點→事例，觀點→事例→觀點，體會記敘和議論的關(guān)系，抓住作者的觀點，明確文章的組織方式。看文章屬于上述哪種結(jié)構(gòu)，從而明白作者的寫作思路。重視首句，把握文章主題首句往往是文章的關(guān)鍵句、引題句或主題句。通過首句可以初步判斷文章的寫作中心，為全面理解文章打開一扇“窗戶”。敘議兼顧，理解議論內(nèi)涵夾敘夾議文中敘與議是一個有機的整體，敘是議的基礎(chǔ)，而議是敘的升華。在讀這類文章時，掌握議論部分的內(nèi)容是關(guān)鍵，因為敘述是為作者的議論而服務(wù)的。所以只有把故事和哲理聯(lián)系起來，再結(jié)合對人物心理和行為的描述，全面把握文章才能正確解題。抓住轉(zhuǎn)換，理清邏輯關(guān)系抓住記敘與議論的轉(zhuǎn)換，及時調(diào)整思維方式，理清上下文之間邏輯關(guān)系，在充分把握語境的基礎(chǔ)上，辨析詞語，進一步把握作者的觀點、態(tài)度，找到正確答案。完形填空說明文解題要領(lǐng)內(nèi)容解讀明確說明對象，理清段落關(guān)系。通讀全文，明確作者是針對哪一個說明對象從不同的角度和側(cè)面對其加以說明的。在閱讀過程中要概括、總結(jié)每一段說明的側(cè)重點，理清各段之間的關(guān)系，加深對說明對象的理解。弄清說明順序，把握作者態(tài)度。在說明的過程中作者會選擇合理的說明順序?qū)φf明對象進行解說。把握了說明順序就能準(zhǔn)確把握文章的脈絡(luò)，加深對整篇文章的理解。常見的說明順序有時間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序(如因果關(guān)系、果因關(guān)系、先主后次等)和認(rèn)識順序(如由此及彼、由淺入深、由局部到整體、由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基礎(chǔ)上，還要注意反映作者態(tài)度的關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵句，把握作者的寫作情感和意圖。四、完形填空思維導(dǎo)圖五、完形填空考法點撥考法一：五大方法速判句內(nèi)層次題句內(nèi)層次題的解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)，在讀懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息憑借語感即可順利選出答案。對于此類題目，考生可以邊讀邊填，將原文信息盡量復(fù)原?！痉椒?利用習(xí)慣搭配和固定結(jié)構(gòu)解題】1.【2020·全國Ⅱ卷】ItwasjustaftersunriseonaJunemorning.“Nicolo,”whoserealnamecannotbe__41__tothepublicbecauseofItaly'sprivacylaws,42.finishedworkingthewholenightatafactoryinTurin.41．A.attached B．a(chǎn)llocatedC．exposed D．submitted【方法2利用生活常識和文化背景解題】完形填空的語篇中往往滲透著諸如文化科學(xué)、歷史地理、風(fēng)俗民情等方面的知識?？忌谧鲱}時，若能積極地調(diào)動自己掌握的文化背景知識和生活常識，巧妙地加以運用，特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會大大簡化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間，從而輕松地做出正確判斷。2.[2021·全國乙卷]Andthereyouhaveit.Tomanypeople,__59__livesispartofthejobbutstylinghairisanextraandshouldberewarded.59．A.risking B．changingC．saving D．building【方法3利用句子分析法解題】完形填空文章的上下文之間以及句子內(nèi)部之間往往有著一定的邏輯關(guān)系，它使句子的各個成分之間形成一定的對應(yīng)關(guān)系?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系找出與未知填空相對應(yīng)的已知成分，將它作為線索，通過它推斷出未知填空的答案。3.[2021·浙江卷]．..However，withinfifteenminutesof39.arriving，myworrieshadgone.Everyonewasso__40__andlike-mindedthatitwasvery41.easytofeelathome.40．A.confident B．friendlyC．energetic D．curious【方法4利用邏輯關(guān)系解題】此方法是通過分析未知填空前后文與已知信息之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案，主要應(yīng)用于完形填空的兩類題型：一是考查連接詞和起連接詞作用的短語；二是考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。4.【2020·新高考卷】Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething23.disturbinghappeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe24.damageitcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.__25__，thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.25．A.Besides B．HoweverC．Therefore D．Otherwise【方法5利用語境暗示分析法解題】上下文語境具體體現(xiàn)為：全文的中心主線和主題、作者的態(tài)度傾向和評價、上下文語篇銜接、句際和段際關(guān)系。在句內(nèi)層次題中，我們通?？梢酝ㄟ^上下文語境暗示，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導(dǎo)出正確答案。5.[2021·全國卷乙]Shewas__49__foreverythingthatthemedicalandnursingteamhaddoneforher.Onherdayofdischarge，wesharedinher50.delightatherrecovery.Asshewas51.leavingshewaseagertosay52.goodbyetoeachofusinthenursingteam.49．A.grateful B．thoughtfulC．sorrowful D．fearful考法二：四大技巧穩(wěn)抓句組層次題句組層次題是比句內(nèi)層次題稍難一級的題目，其解題信息分布在空格前后的一組意群之中，解題時需瞻前顧后，綜合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源?！炯记?利用感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題】在完形填空中，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過程中，仔細找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的重要詞匯，它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時重要的參照線索，可以幫助我們快速確定某些題目的正確答案。1.【2021浙江卷1月卷】Myjobwasto45buildastairwayoutofrock.This46meantclimbingupanddownthesideofamountaininhabited(棲息)bymountainlions，althoughIshouldsaytheywereonlyheard，never47seen.Threedayslater，abeautifulstairwaycameintobeing.The48ofknowingthatmy49workwillbeonthatmountainsideforyearstocomeismassive.48．A.satisfaction B．a(chǎn)mbitionC．expectation D．intention【技巧2利用邏輯關(guān)系解題】在句組層次題中，利用邏輯關(guān)系解題同樣是一種重要的方法。2.【2021·天津卷3月卷】Inadditionto31.practicalskills,Pruitt'slessonsteachteamwork,encourageself-worth,andpromotefeelingsofcommunity.48,thekidshavegainedasenseofaccomplishment.32．A.Otherwise B．HoweverC．Somehow D．Meanwhile【技巧3利用語境暗示分析法解題】在句組層次題中，有些題目我們往往也需要通過上下文的語境暗示來解題，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導(dǎo)出正確答案。3.【2021·全國卷甲卷】Burchillwas41.stayingatthehotelonbusinessandplanningto42.visitsomefriendsinthearea.Theyhadaskedhimto43.bringsomepepperoni(辣香腸)frombackeast.Sohe__44__asuitcasefullofpepperoni.44．A.filled B．lockedC．a(chǎn)bandoned D．lost【技巧4利用詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)解題】復(fù)現(xiàn)是一種語義銜接手段，它通過原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來表達某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機地銜接在一起。因此，考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語境，利用文章中的語義復(fù)現(xiàn)來選擇正確的答案。一、原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)4.【2022?全國甲】WhenIfirstdatedSteve,Ilearnedhehadadog,Molly,andacat,Flora.WhileIwasthrilledthathewasananimallover,Iworriedthatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattack46thecat.46.A.Flora B.Chance C.Molly D.Tilly提醒：Flora—Flora原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)5.【2022·新高考I卷】Myhusband,ourchildrenandIhavehadwonderfulcampingexperiencesoverthepasttenyears.Someofourmemoriesarefunny,especiallyfromtheearlyyearswhenourchildrenwerelittle.Once,we22alongChalkCreek.22.A.camped B.drove C.walked D.cycled提醒：campingcamped原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)二、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)6.【2018·全國卷】Whenmostofusgetatextmessageonourcellphonefromanunknownperson,weusuallysay“sorry,41(wrong)number！”andmoveon.ButwhenDennisWilliams42atextthatclearlywasn'tintendedforhim,hedidsomething43(special).42.A.received B.translated C.copied D.printed提醒：get—received是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)7.【2021·天津】He23(offered)tofixbikesfreeofchargeforanyonewhoneededit.Healsoaskedforunwantedbikes，whichhewouldrepairagain24.24.A.byaccident B.inadvanceC.forfreeD.oncredit提醒：freeofcharge與forfree是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。三、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)8.【2017·全國I卷】Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis41processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy42(experience)atcollegeforthebetter:IdiscoveredASL—AmericanSignLanguage(美式手語).41.A.searching

B.planning C.natural

D.formal9.【2022·新高考I卷】Anothertime,werentedaboatinVallecitoLake.Theskywasclearwhenweheadedoff,butstormsmoveinfastinthemountains,andthisonequicklyinterruptedourpeacefulmorningtrip.The29pickedupandthunderrolled.29.A.wind B.noise C.temperature D.speed提醒：storms—wind近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)四、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)10.【2022·新高考Ⅱ卷】Sheandherhusbandhavespentthelasttwoyearstravelingtheworld，stoppingeverywherefromParistoSingaporeItmightsoundlikeonelong，expensive42(vacation),butthecouplehasanunusualwaytomaketheirtravel43.43.A.safe B.busyC.helpful D.affordable11.【2019·全國Ⅱ卷】Ehlerseventuallysucceededincoaxingtheanimaltohim.Nervousnessandfearwerereplacedwith49.Itjuststartedlicking(舔)Ehlers’face.

49.A.surprise B.joy C.hesitation D.anxiety

提醒：Nervousnessandfear—joy是反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)五、上下詞復(fù)現(xiàn)12.【2020·全國Ⅰ】Sinceourtwinsbeganlearningtowalk,mywifeandIhavekepttellingthemthatourslidingglassdoorisjustawindow...Onedaythey’ll47(wakeup)anddiscoverthateverythingthey’vealwaysknownaboutwindowsisa48(lie).Iwonderif49shouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe50(consequences).Ihaveaverystrong51(fear)thattheliewe’retellingisdoing52(spiritual)damagetoourchildren.49.A.parents B.twins C.colleagues D.teachers提醒：ourtwins，thekids以及下文中的ourchildren與下文parents是總括與分述的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)13.【2022·全國乙卷】Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2－4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each47(child)satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49(see)orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.48.A.feet B.nose C.hands D.ears提醒：ears與下文中的hear是上下詞復(fù)現(xiàn)考法三：七種邏輯提升語篇層次題完形填空中主要考查七大邏輯關(guān)系：對立關(guān)系、并列和遞進關(guān)系、目的和因果關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系、時間關(guān)系、層次和順序關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系。一、對立關(guān)系對立關(guān)系包括讓步、對比和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，常見的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：but，however，yet(然而，但是)，onthecontrary(相反)，bycontrast(相比之下)，unfortunately，although，eventhough，while，nevertheless(然而，不過)，whereas(然而，反之)，inspiteof(盡管)，regardlessof(不管，不顧)，anyhow，afterall(畢竟)，insteadof(而不是)，ratherthan(而不是)，not...but，otherwise(否則)，orelse，totheopposite(對立面)，comparedwith等。1.【2022·全國乙卷】Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44(interrepted)asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour45(surprising)researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46thatidea.46.A.explained B.confirmed C.contradicted D.tested2.【2020·天津卷】Hehasrecentlymadeasignificant16(discovery)—lonelinessisaserioussocialproblemthatcancontributetodepressionandevencrimes，butitcanbe17inacleverway.The18(solution)Chatbenches.17.A.experiencedB.sufferedC.prevented D.felt二、并列和遞進關(guān)系并列和遞進關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：and，or，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)...，similarly等。3.【2022·全國甲卷】Ayearlater,muchtomy58delight,thismanproducedalittleboxwitharingandproposedtome.Hedidnotkneel(跪)down,nordidI59himto.That’sonlyforgiving60watertothedogsthatbroughtustogether.59.A.beg B.trust C.need D.aid4.【2019·北京卷】Thestudentswhohe’s15(driven)havegoneontobecomephysicians，teachersandengineers，butwhatthey’vealsogotoutoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudents16callhim“Grandpa”.16.A.even B.everC.once D.already三、目的和因果關(guān)系目的和因果關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：because，for，since，as，thus(因此)，hence(因此)，therefore，so，so...that，such...that，inorderthat，consequently(因此)，accordingly，dueto，thanksto，onaccountof(由于，因為)，becauseof，seeingthat(由于，因為)，inthat(因為)，nowthat，asaresult，forthisreason等。5.【2017·全國Ⅲ卷】Thetickethadastrictno-transfer(不可轉(zhuǎn)讓)45(policy)，butsincepassportinformationwasnotrequiredwhen46(booking)，anyCanadianElizabethGallaghercan47it.47.A.useB.borrowC.choose D.buy四、條件關(guān)系條件關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：if，unless，whether，supposing，onconditionthat，providedthat，dependingon等。6.【2019·江蘇卷】Asyoumarkoffanother“EarthDay”inyourcalendars，contentthatforatleast24hoursIremainedinyourthoughts，IwantedtoremindyouthatIamfrightenedthat41Ican’tsoonreceivetheappropriatemedicineandcareIneed，myillnesswillbecometerminalbeyondallcures.41.A.when B.thoughC.if D.unless五、時間關(guān)系時間關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：before，since，as，until，meanwhile，atthemoment，when，whenever，assoonas等。7.【2020·江蘇卷】Forhim，itwasonethingto49(accept)hisownfateofbeingblindandquiteanothertoallowsomethingtocontinue50itcouldbefixedsoeasily.Thismovedhimtoaction.50.A.until B.whenC.unless D.before六、層次和順序關(guān)系層次和順序關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：besides，finally，first，firstly，further，eventually，inthefirstplace，last，next，second，secondly，third，thirdly，tobeginwith，tostartwith，ontheonehand，ontheotherhand等。8.【2018·江蘇卷】49，thecouplefoundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter，withre-foundstrongmusclesthattheythoughthad50.lostforever.49.A.Initially B.EventuallyC.TemporarilyD.Consequently七、例證關(guān)系例證關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：allinall，altogether，inbrief，insum，inconclusion，inshort，insummary，onthewhole，tosumup，tosummarize，asaproof，asanexample，forexample，forinstance，inparticular，justas，namely，suchas，thatis，asto，say等。9.【2014北京】“Ihopethismethodwouldbeputintopracticeinthenearfuture,41inthenext10years,”hesays.41.A.imagine B.sayC.suppose D.consider六、完形填空易錯點及備考建議易錯點一：不懂熟詞生義對于一些看上去很熟悉的詞，考生往往不知道或者不重視除了自己所記住的詞義之外的其他意思或者其他詞性。在平時的復(fù)習(xí)中考生不重視熟詞生義，導(dǎo)致他們在高考緊張的答題時間內(nèi)，腦海中出現(xiàn)的就只有自己最熟悉的意思，從而出現(xiàn)答題失誤，導(dǎo)致丟分。近幾年高考英語全國卷完形填空中頻繁出現(xiàn)熟詞生義這個考點，一般以下列兩種形式呈現(xiàn)：一、一詞多義【2021全國乙卷】Anditcametomethenhowmucheasieritwouldbeifwehadarangeofwordsthatexpressdifferent42ofgratitude（感謝）.A.gradesB.meaningsC.needsD.expectations【易錯選項解析】B。答案怎么可能會是A？grades這個詞再熟悉不過了，不是“年級”的意思嗎？這是大部分考生看到這個詞時的第一反應(yīng)，殊不知，就是這種“最熟悉的陌生人”讓考生與正確答案擦肩而過?？忌恢纆rade還可以表示“程度；等級”，因而在排除了C.needs（需求），D.expectations（期待）之后，勉強選了B.meanings（意思）。備考建議：為了加深學(xué)生對這一熟詞生義的理解，強化記憶，建議教師用以下方法來進行鞏固練習(xí)：（1）讓學(xué)生在詞典中查grade表示“程度；等級”的詞條，并將英文釋義摘抄到筆記本上，然后讓他們再用這一釋義造句，若學(xué)生自己造句有困難，可以摘抄詞典上的例句。（2）教師可以準(zhǔn)備含grade的典型例句，然后讓學(xué)生選擇和以上高考例題中意思相同的例句。例如：a.Mybrotherisinsixthgrade.年級b.HegotagradeAinmaths.分?jǐn)?shù)c.Thebestgradesofteaareexpensive.?等級02多詞性詞多詞性詞是指同一個詞，在不變換詞形的情況下，有一種以上的詞性。如果平時學(xué)生不留意，沒有掌握這種多詞性詞，那么在高考英語中它就會對學(xué)生答題造成干擾。

【2021全國乙卷】Thepatientlookedpuzzled,andthen

56.replied

:“Ohthisisn’tforthe

57.care

Ihad.Itakethatasa

58

.No,thisisforsettingmyhairyesterday.”A.goal

B.givenC.push

D.greeting

【易錯選項解析】D。2021年高考英語的這道題難倒了諸多考生。根據(jù)考生回憶，當(dāng)時沒有選B的原因，主要是其不知道該詞的意思。英語基礎(chǔ)好一些的考生也只記得given是個形容詞，但不知道其具體的意思。在這種情況下，考生排除了A.goal（目標(biāo)），C.push（推），因不確定B.given的意思，盡管有一部分考生認(rèn)為D.greeting（問候）帶到原文中意思似乎也不對，但還是勉強選了D。備考建議：教師可以把高考英語完形填空真題當(dāng)作語料庫，同時引起學(xué)生重視這些試題，保證練習(xí)的效度。教師可以整理歸納高考真題中類似的考題，繼續(xù)考查學(xué)生：?（1）【2020年全國Ⅱ卷】Nicoloandanotherbidder

46

untilNicolo?nallywonthepaintingsfor$32.

A.battled

B.debatedC.discussed

D.bargained

【答案】A.battlen.小戰(zhàn)役→v.與……斗爭/爭奪。此處指Nicolo與另一位想買畫的人爭奪畫。

（2）【2020年全國卷Ⅱ】The

59family

calledtheItalianCultureMinistry;theofficialconfirmedthatthepaintingswere

60

andworthasmuchas$50million.A.copies

B.originalsC.models

D.presents

易錯點二：未能聯(lián)系上下文高考英語完形填空都有特定的主題語境，但是考生往往會忽視語境對語篇的統(tǒng)攝作用，導(dǎo)致其做題時“只見樹木，不見森林”?？忌龅讲粫念}，可以暫時放過，往往下文會有語境上的提示，這也是教師在講解完形填空時經(jīng)常對學(xué)生說的“上下求索”，即聯(lián)系上下文。同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)指的是完形填空中的某個設(shè)空處的答案在上下文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過。學(xué)生通過“上下求索”就能得出設(shè)空處的答案。

【2020全國Ⅰ卷】Iwonderif

49.parents

shouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe50.consequences.Ihaveaverystrong

51

thattheliewe’retellingisdoing

52.spiritualdamagetoourchildren...Maybeit’sanunreasonablefear.A.demand

B.fearC.desire

D.doubt

【易錯選項解析】D。有的考生看到51空前的strong會選擇doubt，覺得應(yīng)該是我深深懷疑……，但是如果考生在這里多思考一下，接著看下文“Maybeit’sanunreasonablefear.”，就會得出正確答案為B.fear。備考建議教師在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注到這一特征之后，可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生用箭頭將下文出現(xiàn)的fear標(biāo)向51空，這樣通過視覺形象不斷去強化這一考點，下次遇到類似的完形填空題，學(xué)生就會有意識地應(yīng)用學(xué)到的技巧去解決類似的問題。為了鞏固所學(xué)，教師可以找來類似的高考真題或者典型例題來強化這一知識點。例如：【2017年全國卷Ⅲ】YoumustbenamedElizabethGallagherandhaveaCanadian42.A.originB.passportC.accentD.friend易錯點三：沒記準(zhǔn)固定搭配含義詞義辨析或者固定搭配是完形填空的必考項，尤其是形近詞辨析、動詞短語或者介詞短語辨析。這類題型考查的是學(xué)生對詞義或固定搭配的識記能力，但考生往往因為選項中的單詞或者短語比較相似而記不準(zhǔn)詞義，從而導(dǎo)致丟分?！?019全國Ⅱ卷】...butthegunshotshadscaredthedogoff.Jeffsearched

55

forRosieinthenextfourdays.A.onpurpose

B.ontimeC.inturn

D.invain【易錯選項解析】A、B、C。A.onpurpose（故意），B.ontime（按時），C.inturn（依次；輪流），D.invain（徒勞）?？忌绻麤]記準(zhǔn)這些常見的固定搭配，就會想當(dāng)然地隨便選擇選項。易錯點四：缺乏常識或文化背景知識對于完形填空中的一些考查常識或文化背景的題，如果考生對相關(guān)的主題比較熟悉，有這方面的常識或者文化背景，那么正答率就高。這就要求考生的閱讀面要廣，有一定的常識及文化背景知識的積累。

【2019全國Ⅰ卷】58.Finally

youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith

59

snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.A.permanent

B.littleC.fresh

D.arti?cial

【易錯選項解析】B。這篇完形填空的主題是人與自然，介紹了非洲最高的山——乞力馬扎羅山的環(huán)境污染情況，以及在當(dāng)?shù)貦C構(gòu)努力治理之后，其環(huán)境的改觀。如果學(xué)生對乞力馬扎羅山有所了解，就會知道它是世界上唯一的一座“赤道雪山”。目前乞力馬扎羅山的冰雪融化、冰川消失現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重，在過去的80年內(nèi)冰川已經(jīng)萎縮了80%以上。有環(huán)境專家指出，乞力馬扎羅雪頂可能將在10年內(nèi)徹底融化消失。選錯的考生認(rèn)為，既然積雪和冰川馬上就要消亡了，那積雪肯定特別少，所以就誤選了B.little。在缺乏背景知識的情況下，考生就會有各種奇葩的思路。七、完形填空高考真題演練（15空）【2024題組】【2024新課標(biāo)I卷】閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。I’vebeenmotivated–anddemotivated–byotherfolks’achievementsallmylife.WhenIwasateenager,aneighborhoodfriend41amarathonrace.Feelingmotivated,Istartedrunning42,butthentwothingshappened.First,agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas43fora“super,”referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun–15miles.Tobehonest,I44it!Betweenthegirlmakingmy45seemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,Idecidedthattheonly46I’deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!SoI47cycling.Igotagoodbikeandrodealot.I48ofenteringcycleracesuntilIflewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister.Whileshewasatworkoneday,I49herbikeandwentforaride.The50:TheroadstherewentthroughlargevalleyswhereI’dberidinguphillformilesatatime.I’dneverfacedsuch51.Thatday,Igot52byabout100“l(fā)ocal”bikerswhowereusedtosuchroads.WhenIgotbackhome,suddenlyridingmybikedidn’tseemquiteas53.I’ve54alotsincethen.I’vecometoacceptthatwhatever55Isetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.41.A.knew B.held C.won D.quit42.A.regularly B.silently C.proudly D.recently43.A.asking B.looking C.waiting D.training44.A.made B.believed C.hated D.deserved45.A.advantage B.achievement C.contribution D.influence46.A.way B.risk C.place D.reason47.A.gaveup B.wenton C.turnedto D.dealtwith48.A.heard B.dreamed C.complained D.approved49.A.painted B.borrowed C.bought D.parked50.A.problem B.secret C.principle D.advice51.A.dangers B.events C.opponents D.challenges52.A.passed B.convinced C.admired D.stopped53.A.reliable B.convenient C.familiar D.appealing54.A.traveled B.matured C.missed D.worried55.A.limits B.dates C.goals D.tests【2024新課標(biāo)II卷】閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。WhenIdecidedtobuyahouseinEuropetenyearsago,Ididn'tthinktoolong.IlikedtravelinginFrance,butwhenitcametopickingmyfavoritespotto___41___,Italywastheclearwinner.DuringmyfirstvisittoItaly,I___42___toaskfordirectionsororderinarestaurant.ButeverytimeItriedto___43___asentenceofItaliantogether,thelocalssmiledatmeand___44___mylanguageskills.Thatencouragementhelpedmetogetthroughthelanguage___45___.AfterImadeItalymypermanenthome,Idiscoveredhow___46___Italiansare.Neighborswillbringmefreshlymadecheeseandwillcometomydoorto___47___metoclosethewindowinmycarwhenrainiscoming.It'sthesesmall___48___ofkindnessthatmakeanewcountryfeellikehome.Asafoodie,thewaytomyheartisthroughmystomach,andnowherefuelsmy___49___quitelikeItaly.Eachtownhasitsowntraditional____50____,andeveryfamilykeepsarecipepassedfromonegenerationtoanother.Families____51____forbigmealsonSundays,birthdays,andwhateverotherexcusestheycan____52____.Thesemealsarealways____53____bylaughterandjoy.Whatever____54____lifeinItalymighthave,theproblemsare____55____onceyousitdowntoabigmealwithfriendsandfamily.41.A.study B.rent C.visit D.settle44.A.planned B.struggled C.refused D.happened45.A.string B.hang C.mix D.match44.A.improved B.assessed C.admired D.praised45.A.course B.barrier C.area D.test46.A.open-minded B.strong-willed C.warm-hearted D.well-informed47.A.remind B.allow C.persuade D.order48.A.tricks B.promises C.acts D.duties49.A.ambition B.success C.appetite D.growth50.A.costume B.dish C.symbol D.tale51.A.gather B.cheer C.leave D.wait54.A.putupwith B.standupfor C.comeupwith D.makeupfor55.A.signaled B.confirmed C.represented D.accompanied54.A.disadvantages B.meanings C.surprises D.opportunities55.A.created B.forgotten C.understood D.identified【2024浙江1月卷】閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinnorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful41withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman42meonthetrain.My43friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe44topracticemyChinese.Overseveralhours,hewouldtellmeabouthowhehad45atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob46highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsthemost47,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeye,hewould48atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican49asawhole.”AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I50himaskingatonepoint.Itwouldhavebeeneasyto51myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,52,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he53mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom54withanopenmind,andawillingnessto55withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.41.A.experiment B.encounter C.competition D.appointment42.A.treated B.saved C.lectured D.approached43.A.true B.so-called C.new D.long-lost44.A.chance B.advice C.trouble D.right45.A.visited B.financed C.attended D.founded46.A.building B.sweeping C.checking D.guarding47.A.typical B.obvious C.natural D.remarkable48.A.publish B.quote C.copy D.download49.A.writers B.historians C.workers D.students50.A.anticipate B.imagine C.recall D.catch51.A.lookinto B.relyon C.goover D.dealwith52.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled C.warm-hearted D.self-educated53.A.asked B.warned C.showed D.promised54.A.traveling B.reading C.searching D.teaching55.A.cooperate B.side C.negotiate D.engage八、完形填空名校模擬（15空）（2024·廣東·二模）It’sbeenoverayearsinceIstartedmyvolunteerworkasacaregiveratawell-knownlocationhereinOklahoma.Duringarecentvisit,Ihada(n)1withanursethere.WediscussedhowIranintosomeissueswithmyrightlegafteraterriblefall.Iwassharinghowmynew2ledmetohavetomakesomepersonalchangesandsoI3someat-homeprojects,suchasavegetablegarden,achickenpen,andmypetbirds,whenJudithwheeledoverandpolitelyintroducedherself.She4offeredmealike-newbirdcagetoreplacemy5one,andIgratefullyacceptedher6.WhenIwenttoJudith’shouseto7thebirdcage,sheaskedifIcould8herforanupcomingsurgerysinceshehadnooneelsetorelyon.Ifelt9tobechosentotakecareofherafterthe10.Judith,whoisalsoa11andhasdevotedmanyyearstoworkingasahospitalvolunteer,truly12tobetreatedwithkindnessandrespect.Thisexperienceservesasabeautifulexampleoftwo13showingrandomactsofkindnesstowardseachother.Ifirmlybelievethateverythinghappensforareason,andIamtruly14fortheopportunitytocareforJudith.Inthefuture,shouldIeverneed15,Ihopetoreceivethesamelovingsupport.1．A．date B．drink C．a(chǎn)rgument D．conversation2．A．jobs B．rules C．challenges D．wishes3．A．funded B．sold C．created D．studied4．A．kindly B．proudly C．jokingly D．calmly5．A．hanging B．struggling C．hand-made D．solar-powered6．A．offer B．claim C．decision D．donation7．A．lookfor B．pickup C．throwoff D．putaway8．A．forgive B．thank C．interview D．a(chǎn)ccompany9．A．honored B．prepared C．relaxed D．qualified10．A．checkin B．a(chǎn)ccident C．operation D．examination11．A．patient B．doctor C．cleaner D．caregiver12．A．needs B．expects C．deserves D．continues13．A．nurses B．elders C．visitors D．strangers14．A．sorry B．grateful C．responsible D．famous15．A．a(chǎn)dvice B．a(chǎn)ssistance C．information D．guidance（2024·廣東茂名·二模）Itwasabusymorningforme.AsIwaswalkingIsawanoldlady,maybeinher80s,standingquiteclosetothetraffic.Althoughmymindwas16,IthoughtIshouldwarnher.WhenI17thespot,Inoticedthatshewastryingtogetattentionofpassers-bybuttheyweretoobusyto18her.WhenItriedtogentlymoveherbacktoasafeplace,shesaidshehad19herkeyinthemiddleoftheroad.Ilookedaroundbutnoonestopped.IknewIwasgetting20butdecidedtohelp.Ontheroadwereofficegoersincarsaswellasschoolbuses21withchildren.Itwasthe22timeofthedaytocrossabusyroadwithoutatrafficlight.Icarefullysteppedontotheroadwavingmyhandswildwith23almostexpectingtobehitbyanoncomingvehicle.Imovedontothemiddleoftheroad24towavemyhand.JustthenaschoolbuswasapproachingmeandI25walkedinfrontofittostopit.Myexperiencehasbeen