江蘇省部分市高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題匯編閱讀理解

江蘇省部分市20232024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題匯編閱讀理解江蘇省連云港市20232024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期6月期末英語試題一、閱讀理解ATheScienceWithoutBorders?Challengeisaninternationalcontestthatengagesstudentsandteachersinoceanconservationthroughart.ThemeThethemeforthe2024SciencewithoutBorders?Challengeis“HiddenWondersoftheDeep.”Toapplyforthisyear’scontest,studentsshouldsubmitartworkillustratingmysteriousanduniquedeepseacreaturesorecosystems,highlightingthebeautyanddiversitythatoftengoesunseen.QualificationThisinternationalartpetitionisopentoallstudents1119yearsold.Collegeanduniversitystudentsarenotqualifiedforthiscontest.HowtoApplyToapplytothe2024ScienceWithoutBorders?Challenge,fillouttheonlineentryform,anduploadapictureofyourartworkbefore1stJuly!Ifyouareundertheageof13,yourparentswillbeaskedtoprovidepermission,somakesurenottowaituntilthelastminute.JudgingApanelofartists,educators,andscientistsjudgetheScienceWithoutBorders?Challenge.Artworkwillbeevaluatedonthequalityoftheartwork,originality,andadherenceto(堅持)thetheme.Certificateswillbesenttoallparticipantsinthisyear’sScienceWithoutBorders?ChallengeafterthewinnersareannouncedinAugust.PrizesWinnerswillbeawardedwiththefollowingscholarships:·1stPlace:$500·2ndPlace:$350·3rdPlace:$2001．Whatisthemainpurposeofthecontest?A．Tocollecthighqualityartworks. B．Topromotedeepoceanexploration.C．Toencouragemorestudentstolearnart. D．Toraiseawarenessofmarineecosystem.2．Whichentrymightbequalifiedforthisyear’scontest?A．Acopyofafamouspainting. B．ApaintingsubmittedinAugust.C．Apicturefeaturingseabirdsflying. D．Adrawingbyamiddleschoolstudent.3．Whatwillyougetifyouwinthefirstprize?A．$350. B．Amedal. C．Acertificate. D．Apresent.BOnthestreetsofSydney,Australia,ayoungChinesewoman,wearingeleganthanfu,thetraditionalclothingofChina,gracefullyholdsadizi,thebamboofluteofChina,fascinatingpassersbywiththemelodiesoftraditionalChinesemusic.TheperformerisDongMin,atalentedmusicianbornin1990.AftergraduatingfromMinzuUniversityofChinawithamajorinChinesebambooflute,DongregisteredattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesinAustraliain2015tostudycurating(策展)andculturalleadership.DongquicklyfoundlikemindedfriendspassionateaboutChinesetraditionalinstruments.Then,shefoundedtheSydneyMeyaConservatory(音樂學(xué)院)ofChineseMusic.DongnoticedalackofawarenessofChinesetraditionalmusicinAustralia.So,inspiredbylocalperformersusingWesterninstrumentsforstreetperformances,shestartedstreetperformanceswithherconservatorymembers,showingtraditionalChineseinstrumentsinSydney’sChinatownin2016.“StreetperformancesofferadirectandvisualwayforpeopletoexperienceChinesemusic.Bybringingittothestreets,wemakeitaccessibletoeveryone,”shesaid.AsDong’sperformancesgrewinpopularity,snippets(片段)ofhershowsspreadacrosssocialmedia,drawinginalargeraudience.Withover1millionfollowersonline,includingnearly150,000frominternationalplatforms,Dong’sinfluencecontinuestogrow.Apartfromherconservatory,Dongalsooffersonlinedizilessonstoaglobalaudienceandorganizesonlineexchangeconcertsforherstudentsworldwide.“Ihopetocreateaplatformformusicenthusiaststoconnectandbuildfriendshipsthroughtheirsharedloveformusic,”shesaid.EversinceshearrivedinAustralia,DonghasnoticedagrowinginterestinChinesetraditionalmusicamonglocalpeople.ManymusicschoolsnowoffercoursesonChineseinstruments.“ThisdemonstratesthattraditionalChinesemusicisthriving(興旺)notonlyinformalconcerthallsbutalsoonthestreetsandwithinmunities,”shesaid.4．WhatcanwelearnaboutDongfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Shehasadesiretobealeader. B．ShehasagiftforChinesemusic.C．ShemajoredincuratinginChina. D．SheheldafashionshowinSydney.5．WhydidDongperformonstreets?A．Toraisefundsforherstudy. B．TopromoteChinesetraditionalmusic.C．Topursueagoodreputation. D．TopetewithWesternperformers.6．WhatcanwelearnabouttraditionalChinesemusicfromthelastparagraph?A．Ithasgainedincreasingpopularity. B．Itusedtobetaughtinlocalschools.C．Ithaschangedtocatertolocaltastes. D．Itusedtobeperformedinmunities.7．WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeDong?A．Ambitiousandpassionate. B．Modestandoutgoing.C．Diligentandstraightforward. D．Generousandadaptable.CPackagingdesignersoftenbineavarietyofelements—text,illustration,color—inplexdesignsmeanttoattractconsumers’attention.Inmanycases,accordingtoanewseriesofstudies,they'dgetbetterresultsfromasimplerapproach.Inthefirststudy,theresearchersworkedwithdatafromtheU.S.supermarketchainKroger.Theygatheredallproductimagesacrossfourconsumablecategories—shampoo,deodorant,crackers,andcereal—alongwitheachproduct’sname,brand,retail(零售)price,andweight.Independentresearchassistantsratedtheimagesonplexityofdesign.Mappingtheratingsagainsteachproduct'spriceperounceshowedthatthesimplerthepackagewas,thehighertheproduct'sunitprice—suggestingthatpeoplearewillingtopaymorewhenitemsarepresentedsimply.Inthefollowingexperiments,theresearcherscreatedsimpleandplexpackagesfortrailmixandshowedoneortheothertoeachof362universitystudents.Thestudentsindicatedthehighestamounttheywouldpayforthesnack,reportedwhethertheythoughtitcontainedfewormanyingredientsandhowpuretheybelievedittobe,andratedthepackageonattractivenessandsimplicity.Thosewhosawthesimpledesignwerewillingtopaymore,eventhoughtheywerelesslikelythanpeoplewhosawtheplexdesigntoawardhighmarksonattractiveness.Thesimpledesigngothigherscoresonpurity,andparticipantsbelievedtheproductcontainedfeweringredients.Repeatingtheexperimentwithadifferentitem—handlotion(護手霜)—gotsimilarresults.“Simplifyingpackagingdesignmaybeanefficientwaytoconveyproductinformationindependentoftext,”theresearcherswrite.Additionalexperimentsshowedthattheboostfromasimpledesignwaslesspronouncedwhentheproduct'singredientswerehighlightedonthepackage;consumersthenhadnoneedtoguesspurity.8．Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthefirststudy?A．Bytalkingtothestafffromasupermarket.B．Byrecordingopinionsfromlocalcustomers.C．Byratingplexityofdesignsandimprovingthem.D．Byanalyzingproductimagesandrelatedinformation.9．Theresearchersrepeatedtheexperimentwithhandlotiontofindout________.A．howtocreatesimplepackages B．howtogethighmarksonpurityC．whetherpeoplepreferredsimplerdesigns D．whyplexdesignsweremoreattractive10．Whichofthefollowingmaytheresearchersagreewith?A．Categoriesofproductsshouldbehighlighted.B．Managersshouldmakepackagedesignssimpler.C．Salesofproductsshouldrelymoreonpackaging.D．Researchersshouldfocusonlesspronouncedfacts.11．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Lessismore B．QualityoverquantityC．Thesimpler,thehealthier D．Themoreplex,themoreexpensiveDImaginebeingabletochatwithanartificialintelligence(AI)aboutanything.Whatifyoucoulddiscusslastnight'sgame,getrelationshipadvice,orhaveadeepdebatewiththevirtualassistantonyourkitchencounter?Largelanguagemodels—AIscapableofthislevelofmunication—areadvancingquicklyenoughtomakethisournewreality.Butcanwetrustwhatartificialagentssay?TherearemanyreasonstoembraceconversationalAI.Thepotentialusesinhealth,education,research,andmercialspacesaremindboggling.Virtualcharacterscan'treplacehumancontact,butmentalhealthresearchsuggeststhathavingsomethingtotalkto,whetherrealornot,canhelppeople.Butthebiggestproblemisthatwetrustthemmorethanweshould.There'salargebodyofresearchinhumanrobotinteractionwhichshowsthatpeoplewillrespondtosocialgestures,revealpersonalinformation,andareevenwillingtoshifttheirbeliefsorbehaviourforanartificialagent.Thiskindofsocialtrustmakesusvulnerable(脆弱的)toemotionalpersuasionandrequirescarefuldesign,aswellasrules,toensurethatthesesystemsaren'tusedagainstpeople.Achatbotmay,forinstance,instructyourchildtotouchaliveelectricalplugwithacoin,whichhashappened.Thenewestlanguagemodelsaretrainedonvastamountsoftextfoundontheinternet,includingharmfulandmisleadingcontent.Asitbeesmoredifficulttoexpectalanguagemodel'sresponses,there'smoreriskofunintendedconsequences.Forexample,ifpeopleasktheirhomeassistanthowtodealwithamedicalemergency,thewrongkindsofanswerscanbeharmful.Weneedtoaskwhocreatesandownslargelanguagemodels,andwhomthisharmsorbenefits.Personalinformationthatpeoplerevealinconversationcanbeusedforandagainstthem.Weneedtoensurethatthistechnologyisdesignedandusedresponsibly.Afterall,humanitydeservesprotection,too.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mindboggling”mean?A．Worthwhile. B．Reliable. C．Incredible. D．Impossible.13．Whatisthebiggestproblemwithhumanrobotinteraction?A．Peoplemaybehurtemotionally. B．Peoplemaylacknormalsociallife.C．Peoplemayspendtoomuchtimeonline. D．PeoplemaybeetoodependentonAI.14．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．LatestapplicationsandtrainingofAI. B．PotentialrisksandmisusecasesofAI.C．ChallengesofpredictingAI'sresponses. D．DangersofrelyingonAIforemergencies.15．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardschattingwithAI?A．Cautious. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.江蘇省泰州市20232024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期6月期末英語試題一、閱讀理解ASiawas13whenshenoticedthebarefootchildrenofworkersataconstructionsite.“Theirfeetwerebare.Hard.Dirty.Bleeding.”reflectsSia.“Theywerejustwalkingaroundjustasitwasaneverydaypractice.”ItwasthenthatSiarealizedtheirlivesweresodifferentfromhers.Siawentbackhomeandsawshoespileduphigh—manyofwhichhadn’tbeenwornformonths.Thensherushedtodistributethemtothechildrenshesawatthebuildingsite.Laterthatyear,withthehelpofherparentsandmunityvolunteers,SiafoundedSoleWarriors,acharitymittedtoprovidingshoestothoseinneed,whosemottois:“Donateasole(鞋),saveasoul.”Theideaquicklygrew.Aftershespreadthewordwithposters,enquiriesfrompeoplewhowantedtohelpcamefloodingin.Nowinitsfifthyear,theorganizationcollectsusedshoes,refurbishes(翻新)itanddonatesthefinishedproductstopeopleinneed.Thatneedisendless.Intheworld,anestimated300millionpeoplecan’taffordshoes.Ofthenearly24billionshoesmadeeveryyear,shockinglymorethan90percentendupindustbins.Initsfirstdistribution,SoleWarriorscollectedandgaveout700pairsofshoes.Todaythatnumberrisesto28,000acrossfourcountries.Buttheorganization’sgrowthmetwithmanychallenges.Whenitcametolookingforapanythatwoulddotherefurbishmentsfreeofcharge,Siafacedonebarrierafteranotherbeforefindingapartner.“Beinga13yearold,IdidfacealotofprejudicebecausepeoplewerelesswillingtohearwhatIsay.”saysSia.Inrecognitionofhergreatinfluence,SiawasgiventheDianaAwardin2021.It’soneofthemostremarkablehonorsayoungpersoncanreceiveforsocialaction.Butherworkisn’tdone.“Ourgoalhasalwaysbeentotouchamillionfeet,”shesays.1．WhydoestheauthormentionSia’svisittoaconstructionsite?A．TodisplaySia’sgenerosity.B．Toarousereaders’sympathy.C．Toshowthelifeofconstructionworkers.D．ToexplainwhySiastartedSoleWarriors.2．HowdoesSoleWarriorsofferhelp?A．Byurginggovernmentstomakejointefforts.B．Bydonatingrefurbishedshoestothoseinneed.C．Bycollectingsecondhandshoesfromdustbins.D．Bysearchingforpaniestomakenewshoesforfree.3．WhatdifficultydidSiahaveindevelopingtheorganization?A．Theirdonationcouldn’tmeetpeople’sdemand.B．Theprocessofrefurbishmentwastooplicated.C．Herrequestwasrejectedbyquiteafewpanies.D．Fewpeoplewerewillingtogiveawaytheiroldshoes.4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．BeingasocialistisSia’sdream.B．TheDianaAwardisawardedannually.C．Siafelttotallysatisfiedwithhersocialaction.D．SiawouldnotstopherworkwithSoleWarriors.BWhenitestopopularsymbolsofmarriage,onecannotlookpasttheweddingring.Theweddingringservesasaperfectsymbolofeverlastinglove—aringisacircleandthushasnobeginningorend,representingtheneverendingunionofmarriage.EvidencesuggeststhatweddingringswereusedinancientEgyptaround6,000yearsago.However,unlikethemetalsandjewelsusedtoday,theywerecraftedfrommaterialssuchasleatherorbone.Inthecenturiesthatfollowed,theweddingringtraditionwaspickedupintheWest,whereitspreadfirstinancientRomeandGreece,subsequentlythroughoutEuropeduringtheMiddleAges,andeventuallytoEasternculture.Throughouthistory,theroundshapeoftheringhascontinued,andsohasthetraditionofwearingitonthefourthfingerofthelefthand.Thelatterpracticeoriginatedfromanancientbeliefthatavein(靜脈)randirectlyfromthisfingertotheheart.Althoughthisbeliefhassincebeenconsideredwrong,thecustomhascontinued.Regardingcustomssurroundingweddingrings,therewasatimewhenonlythebrideworeaweddingring.Itwasn’tuntiltheearly20thcenturythatthepracticeofbridegroomswearingringsgainedpopularity.Thischangewasinfluencedbysoldiersgoingofftowar,whoworeringsasremindersoftheirlovedoneswaitingforthemathome.Today,theexchangeofweddingringsremainsanessentialpartoftheweddingceremony,symbolizingthemitmentandlovesharedbetweentwoindividualswhowillbeginalifetogether.Weddingringsholdasymbolicsignificancethattiesthetwomembersofamarriedcouple.Inaneverchangingworld,theweddingringstandsasanancienttraditionthatislikelytocontinueforgenerationstoe,reflectingthetimelessandeverlastinglovecelebratedthroughmarriage.5．Whatcanweknowaboutweddingringsinthetext?A．TheyhavetheirrootsinEurope. B．TheydatebacktotheMiddleAges.C．Theysymbolizetheowners’socialstatus. D．Theroundshapehasremainedunchanged.6．Whydidpeopleinancienttimeswearaweddingringonthefourthfingerofthelefthand?A．Becauseitbroughtgoodlucktosoldiersgoingofftowar.B．Becausetheywishedtokeeptheirloverintheirheart.C．Becauseaveinrunsdirectlyfromthisfingertotheheart.D．Becauseitrepresentedtheneverendingunionofmarriage.7．Whatcanbepredictedaboutthefutureoftheweddingringtradition?A．Itwillundergogreatchanges. B．Itwillgraduallyfalloutofdate.C．Itwillprobablylastforquitealongtime. D．Itwillonlybepopularincertaincultures.8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thedesignofweddingrings. B．Thesignificanceofweddingrings.C．Thelonghistoryofweddingrings. D．Thematerialsusedforweddingrings.CAtthePortofLosAngeles,alonggrayshipisdoingitsparttofightagainstclimatechange.Ontheship,whichbelongstoCaptura,aLosAngelesbasedpany,isasystemofpipes,pumps,andcontainersthatpumpsseawaterandremovesCO?,whichcanbeusedtomakeplasticsandfuelsorburied.Thenthetreatedseawaterisreturnedtotheocean,whereitabsorbsmoreCO?fromtheatmosphere,inanefforttobattletheriseofthegreenhousegas.Capturing(捕獲)CO?fromtheoceanshouldbeeasierandcheaperthanaseeminglymoredirectapproach:capturingitdirectlyfromtheair.Directaircapture,whichreliesonfanstosweepairpastchemicalsthatcanabsorbCO?,currentlycostsbetween$600to$1000pertonofCO?removed,largelybecauseatmosphericCO?onlymakesuplessthan0.05%oftheairbyvolume.Earth’soceans,incontrast,holdthegasataconcentrationnearly150timeshigher,andabsorbroughly30%ofallemitted(排放)CO?eachyear.Besides,oceancaptureisdevelopingfasterthanotheroceanCO?removalapproaches.That’spartlybecausethesystemscanusuallybeattachedtodesalination(脫鹽)plants,wastewatertreatmentequipment,andotherlargewaterprocessingsystems.However,onechallengefortheapproachisdeterminingexactlyhowmuchCO?thetreatedwaterabsorbsandatwhatrate.Still,theabsorptionrateswillvarybasedonwherethewaterisreleasedandhoweasilyitmixeswithsurroundingwater.Thatmakessiteselectionareallyimportantpartofthisprocess.Evenifthetechnologytakesoff,itwillhavetobepromotedwidelytomakeadifferenceinoffsettingglobalemissions.AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,by2050engineeredcarbonremovaleffortswillneedtoremovesome5billiontonsofCO?everyyeartolimittheglobaltemperatureincreaseto1.5°C．Atpresent,theoceancapturepaniesareremovingonlythousandsoftons.9．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytalkabout?A．ThereuseofremovedCO?. B．ThebasicinformationaboutCaptura.C．Theworkingprocessofoceancapture. D．AnunusualphenomenoninLosAngeles.10．Whydoesoceancapturecostlessthandirectaircapture?A．Becausethesystemisusedmorewidely.B．BecausetheoceanabsorbsCO?moredirectly.C．BecausecapturingCO?fromtheoceanisfaster.D．BecausetheconcentrationofCO?inseawaterishigher.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offsetting”inParagraph5mean?A．Sendingout. B．Cancelingout. C．Figuringout. D．Givingout.12．WhatdoestheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangewanttoconvey?A．Theoceancapturepaniesstillhavealongwaytogo.B．TheoceancapturepanieshaveremovedenoughCO?.C．MoreCO?willbeemittedintotheatmosphereinthefuture.D．Limitingtheglobaltemperatureincreaseto1.5℃isthefinalgoal.江蘇省鹽城市20232024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期6月期末英語試題一、閱讀理解AFourhotelsinKentbestforcountrysidegetawaysTheCrescentTurnerHotelThismodernpropertypossessesamazingseaviewsthataresuretoleavealastingimpression.Inthispeacefulcorneroftheworld,youcandisconnectfromthedailyworkwithoutlosingmodernforts,thankstofreeWiFiaccess,teaandcoffeemachinesand24hourfrontdeskassistance.Petfriendly?YesAlbionHouse,RamsgateIftheseasideiscalling,AlbionHousecouldbeyouranswer.AfourminutewalkfromRamsgateSandsBeach,it’sanidealoptionforthoselookingtobreatheinsomesaltyseaairandplayinthewater.And,ifyougetsickoflyingonthebeach,thepropertycanalsoarrangeforabicyclehire.Petfriendly?NoHempsteadHouseHotelLocatedintheheartoftheimpressiveKentcountryside,thisVictoriancountryhotelisprivatelyownedandrun,ensuringapersonalandheartwarmingexperienceforeachguest.Thehotelhasanawardwinningrestaurant,perfectforfoodenthusiastswantingtosamplefineBritishcuisine.Petfriendly?YesTheGeorgeinRyeLocatednearthetrainstation,itofferseasytransportation,makingiteasilyaccessibletoweekendtravellers.TheRyeCastleMuseumandtheJerwoodGalleryarewithinafewminutes’reach,offeringgueststhechancetoabsorbthemselvesinlocalhistoryandartisticexpression.Notonlydoesthepropertyofferchildfriendlysleepingarrangementsandmeals,buttheRyeFarmWorldandtheSouthofEnglandRareBreedsCentrearenearby,promisingfunfilleddaysforthewholefamily.Petfriendly?No1．WhatdoTheCrescentTurnerHotelandAlbionHouseshare?A．BothareequippedwithWiFi. B．Bothareappealingtosealovers.C．Theycanacmodateguests'dogs. D．Theycanprovidebicyclerentalservice.2．WhatisanadvantageofHempsteadHouseHotel?A．Itholdsfoodpetitionsregularly. B．Itgivesguestschancestorunahotel.C．Itofferspersonalservicestovisitors. D．ItallowsgueststotasteBritishfood.3．WhatcanwelearnaboutTheGeorgeinRye?A．Ithasakidfriendlypool. B．Itisclosetoabusstation.C．Visitorscanexplorelocalhistory. D．Visitorswillhavefunwiththeirpets.BSouthGeorgiaMedicalCenter(SGMC)honoredateamofnursesfortheMayDAISY(雛菊)Awardforextraordinarynursingcare.ChrisSchauteet,CristinBryans,andDanyaShealywereamongthehonoreesrecognizedfortheirworkincreatingamostmemorablepatientexperience.Thepatient,LaurieGulliksen,hadbeenreceivinginpatientchemotherapy(化療)sinceDecemberof2022.Duringthistimethestaffbecameveryclosewithher.OnFriday,April21,thepatientreceivedherlasttreatmentandwasscheduledtogohome.Thenurseswantedtocelebratethisachievementandmakeitspecialsotheypurchasedballoons,flowers,acard,andagift,butmostimportantly,abellforthepatienttoringtosignalthepletionofherchemotherapy.Gulliksencamebacktothehospitaltopresentthehonoreeswiththeirawards.Sheshared,“Iwillneverforgettheloveandsympathyshowntomeandthefriendshipsthatweremade.Theyaretrulyamazingpeople.”SGMCSeniorVicePresident,andChiefNursingOfficerRandySmithexpressedhisthankstotheteam.“It’sveryfittingthatweareabletopresentthisawardduringNationalNursesWeekwhichrecognizesthedevotionofnursesandhonorsthemfortakingcareofpatientsduringtheirmostdifficultmoments,”hesaid.“IamextremelyproudofourentirenursingteamandtheirmitmenttogoingaboveandbeyondtoenhancethepatientexperienceatSGMC．”SGMCcontinuestoaskpatientsandfellowemployeestohonornurseswhotheyfeelgoaboveandbeyondintheiractionsandcare.Nominations(提名)arereviewedbyamitteebasedoncriteriathatincludesympathy,teamwork,leadership,attitude,skillsandknowledge.DAISYawardsarepresentedmonthlyinfrontofthenurse’sworkmates,physicians,patients,andvisitors.Eachhonoreereceivesacertificatepraisingherorhimforbeingan“ExtraordinaryNurse”.TheyalsoreceiveabeautifulsculpturecalledAHealer’sTouchandaspecialflowerarrangementofdaisiesgenerouslydonatedbyTheFlowerGallery,thelocalsponsorofSGMC’sDAISYAward.4．WhydidthenursesbuyLaurieGulliksensuchitemsasballoonsandflowers?A．Topraisethespecialpatient. B．Tocelebratetheunusualmoment.C．Torespectthedevotedhonorees. D．Tofacilitatetheeffectivetreatment.5．WhatistheDAISYAwardaimedat?A．Enhancingnurses’experience. B．Expressingpatients’thankfulness.C．Winningpatients’recognition. D．Acknowledgingnurses’mitment.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“their”refertoinparagraph5?A．Patients’. B．Employees’. C．Workmates’. D．Nurses’.7．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thesponsoroftheprizes. B．Thepresenteroftheaward.C．Theprizesforthehonorees. D．Thecriteriaforbeingawarded.CEcologistsandbiologistshavelongrecognizedthatartificiallightatnightcanhavenegativeeffectsonthehealthofhumansandlandwildlife,includingsleeppatterns,feedingschedules,andreproductivecycles.Muchresearchisshowingthatmarine(海洋的)lifeisalsosensitivetoartificiallight,includingextremelylowlevelsandcertainwavelengths.Now,forthefirsttime,scientistshavequantifiedunderwaterlightlevelsforcoastalzonesaroundtheworld.Researchershavereleasedthefirstglobalmapbooksofartificiallightinthesea.“Theseverylowlightlevelsthatartificiallightgeneratesarecriticallyimportantforbiologicalorganisms,”saidTimSmyth,whospecializesinmarineoptics(光學(xué)).“Buthowmuchofanimpactithasonthemarineenvironmenthasn’tbeenstudiedwell.”Theresearchteambuiltamodelbasedontwosatellitedatasets:oneofnighttimelightpollutionandoneofoceancolor,whichrevealsthewater’sopticalproperties.Themodelprojectshownighttimelightpollutionabovethewater’ssurfacewillenterandbeabsorbedunderwater.Theresultsshowthedepthstowhichmarinespeciescouldbeexposedtolightsufficienttocauseabiologicalresponse.Thestudygivesresearchersaguidetowheretheyshouldfocusfuturestudiesoftheeffectsofartificiallightonmarinelife.Smythsaidthestudyhighlightsareaswhereecosystemsareparticularlystressedbyartificiallight.Thescientistsfoundthat1.9millionsquarekilometersoftheoceanexperiencebiologicallysignificantamountsofartificiallightpollutiontoadepthof1meter.Thisrepresentsabout3percentoftheworld’sExclusiveEconomicZones(專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)),theareaextending370kilometresoffacountry’scoast.Significantareasoftheoceanareseeinglightexposurestodepthsof10meters,20meters,ormore.Thedepthtowhichlightcangodependsnotonlyontheintensityoflightabovewater,Smythsaid,butalsoontheopticalpropertiesofthewater.Forexample,inareaswithveryclearwater,lightatnightcanreachdepthsofmorethan40meters.8．Whatisthefunctionofparagraph1?A．Tovoiceabasicopinion. B．Tointroduceafurtherdiscovery.C．Topresentaseriousproblem. D．Toexplainanaturalphenomenon.9．Whathaveresearchersdoneaboutartificiallightaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Theyhavemeasuredtheintensityoflightunderthewater.B．Theyhaveinvestigatedtheinfluenceofartificiallightfully.C．Theyhaveevaluatedthespeedofartificiallightunderwater.D．Theyhavedescribedsealife’sexactreactiontoartificiallight.10．Whatisonepurposeofsettingupthemodel?A．Toshowthebiologicalresponseofmarinespecies.B．Tounderstandtherealmeaningofopticalproperties.C．Todisplaytheprincipleofartificiallightenteringwater.D．Topredictthepossiblewayofwaterabsorbingartificiallight.11．Whichofthefollowingmightaffectthedepthoflightenteringwater?A．Thequalityofwater. B．Theclimatechange.C．Themovementoflight. D．Theseatemperature.DAproposalbytheU.S.FishandWildlifeService(USFWS)tokillmorethan470,000barredowls(橫斑林鸮)toprotectthespottedowl(西點林鸮)hasconservationistsandanimalwelfareadvocatesdebatingthemoralissueofkillingonespeciestoprotectanother.Theproposalgainedattentionrecentlyafterdozensofwildlifeprotectionandanimalwelfareorganizationssignedaletteropposingtheplan.TheyurgedSecretaryoftheInteriorDebHaalandtoscrapwhatitcallsathoughtlessplan.ButtheUSFWSsaysifnoactionistakentocontrolthebarredowlpopulation,thenorthernspottedowlwillfaceextinction.TheproposedactionwillalsohelppreventdeclinesintheCaliforniaspottedowls,anotherspeciesfacingpetitionfrombarredowls.WaynePacelle,p