Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 課件-2023-2024學年高中英語人教版（2019）必修第三冊

Unit4SPACEEXPLORATIONDiscoveringusefulstructuresTheInfinitiveastheAttributiveandadverbial動詞不定式作定語、狀語Practice:1.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.3.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenough

togetarelatedcollegedegree.4.Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.5.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.目的狀語目的狀語目的狀語定語定語FunctionsofinfinitivesToliveabroadisnoteasy.Sheplannedtovisitherparentsnextweek.Thequestionishowtogetthere.ThefirstpersontocomeisMr.Brown.HewenttoFrancetolearnFrench.Hisfatherencouragedhimtofindanewjob.主語賓語表語定語賓補狀語動詞不定式形式為“todo”。動詞不定式可在句中作___________、___________、_________、___________、_____________和___________，但是不能單獨作___________。主語賓語表語定語賓語補足語狀語謂語Summary動詞不定式在句中作狀語,主要用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等,表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。在句中,不定式可作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語、原因狀語等。動詞不定式作狀語todo作狀語1.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.

=Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywater________________________itforlateruse.2.Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.

=Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday______________________________.Rewritethesentencesbyusinginfinitivesaspurposeadverbial.soasto/inorder

to/torecyclesoasto/inorderto/tokeephealthy3.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.

=Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspace_____________________________________.

4.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.

=Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowly

___________________________________________.

soasnotto/inordernotto/nottofloatoff

soasto/inorderto/tokeeptheirbodiesundercontrolSummary1.目的狀語:todoinordertodosoasto(只能放句中）inorderthatsothat/so...that(只能放句中）1.目的狀語①Hecameheretoattendanimportantmeeting.

他來這兒參加一個重要的會議。②Helaiddownhislifetosavethechild.他為了救這個孩子獻出了生命。③Heshoutedandwavedinordertobenoticed.

他喊了一聲，揮了揮手，以引起注意。④

I'llwritedownhistelephonenumbersoas

nottoforgetit.我會記下他的電話號碼，以免忘記。有時為了強調(diào)或突出這種目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo，和soas(not)todo結(jié)構(gòu)（soastodo不可以置于句首）。1.Tomakefriendseasily,youneedtobeverykind.2.Theywenttheretosavepeoplewhowereinjured.3.MoreTVprogrammeswereproducedtoraisepeople’sconcern

overfoodsafety.4.To/Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.5.Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.不定式作目的狀語，可用inorderto/soasto代替，有時為了突出強調(diào)目的，還可將這個詞組置于句首，但soasto一般不用于句首。Infinitiveasadverbial1.我寫信給你是為了向你表達謝意。I’mwritingtoexpressmyappreciation/thanks/gratitudetoyou.2.我寫信給你是為了邀請你參加我們學校舉辦的文化節(jié)。I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoattendtheculturefestivalheldbyourschool.3.我寫信給你是為了告訴你這次比賽的安排。I’mwritingto

informyouofthearrangementsofthematch.4.我寫信給你是為了向你表示歉意。I’mwritingtoapologize

toyou/makeanapologytoyou.5.我寫信給你是為了向你征求怎樣適應高中的建議。I’mwritingtoaskforsomeadviceonhowtogetusedtotheSeniorHighSchool.Sheisproud

tohavewon

thefirstplace.Heis

glad

tobeinvitedtothemeeting.We

were

astonished

tofind

thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(1)常用于“sb.

+be+adj.

+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中,

形容詞作表語時,后可接不定式作原因狀語,用以說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。此類形容詞多是sorry,glad,excited,disappointed,shocked等表示喜怒哀樂的形容詞。動詞不定式作原因狀語2.原因狀語2.原因狀語：sb.beadj.todo聽說你要來中國旅游，我感到很高興。I’mdelighted/glad

tohearthatyouwillcometoChinaforavisit.HearingthatyouwillcometoChinaforavisit,Ifeelverydelighted.聽說你覺得很難適應高中的生活，我覺得很難過。I’msorry

tohearthatyoufinditdifficulttogetusedtotheSeniorHighSchool.1.Hewokeuptofindeverybodygone.

2.Hearrivedatthetrainstation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadyleft.3.Sheistootiredtodothejob.4.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.5.Willyoubesokindastoopenthewindow?不定式作結(jié)果狀語，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果；有時也可用onlyto,too...to,enoughto,so...asto來表示結(jié)果狀語。Infinitiveasadverbial3.結(jié)果狀語①Hereturnedhometolearnhisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged.

他回家后得知女兒剛剛訂婚了。②HewenthometofindhisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.

他到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的老朋友喬治在等他。③WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoexcited?

我說了什么使你這么激動?不定式作結(jié)果狀語常與learn,find,see,hear,make等動詞連用。①Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.

她氣得連話都說不出來。②Theboyisoldenoughto

takecareofhimself.

這個男孩夠大了，可以自己照顧自己。③Hehurriedtothestation,onlyto

findthetrainhadleft.

他匆匆忙忙趕到火車站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)走了。④I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.

我太累了，不能再熬夜了。不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用于以下句型結(jié)構(gòu)：①so/such…astodo

②enoughtodo③onlytodo(常表示意外的或事與愿違的結(jié)果)

④too…todo1.LiuYangisthefirstfemaleastronaut

tobesentintospaceinChina.2.LiuYangrealizedherdreamtoexplorespacein2012.3.LiuYanghasstrongdesiretogotospaceagain.Findthesimilaritiesofthesesentencestheinfinitive(todo)isusedas

to

modifythenoun/...

placedinfrontofittheattributivetodo作

定語1.In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersonwhogotmarriedinspace.

=In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstperson

______________inspace.2.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedreamedthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.

=Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedream__________space.Rewritethesentencesbyusinginfinitivesasattribute.togetmarriedtoflyinto◆Tosmokesomuchisnotverygoodforyourhealth.◆Toform

agoodhabitoflearningisimportantforusstudents.FunctionsofinfinitivesassubjectSummary:單個的不定式作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。兩個或兩個以上的不定式作主語時，謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式；但當它們作為一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。it作形式主語，真正的主語放在句子的后面。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：①Itis＋adj.＋(of/forsb.)todo...②Itis＋a/an＋名詞＋todo...③Ittakes(sb.)sometime/courage/patience...todo...④Itrequirescourage/patience/hardwork...todo...1.It’snecessaryforustotakeagoodrestbeforeanexam,whichwillprovideenoughenergyforyou.2.I’mcertainitisagoodchancetoshowyourexcellenthandwriting.Functionsofinfinitivesaspredicate◆Myhouseworkistoclean

all

theroomsformyparentstoday.◆Hisambitionistosetup

schoolsforchildrenofpoorfamilies.Summary:不定式放在系動詞后面常表示將來的動作或解釋說明主語的內(nèi)容，其主語常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty等表示“意向、打算、計劃”的詞。Functionsofinfinitivesasobject1.Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.2.I’mverybusyatpresent,soIhavetorefusetohelpyou.Summary:動詞不定式作賓語時，往往跟在某些及物動詞的后面，常見的動詞有agree,ask,decide,hope,fail,manage,pretend,refuse等。3.Hestilldidn’tunderstandhowtooperatethemachine.Summary:能接“疑問詞＋todo”的動詞(短語)有decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,findout,understand,see,wonder,hear,explain,tell等。4.IfinditverydifficulttocommunicatewithhiminEnglish.Summary:當不定式作賓語時，常用it作形式賓語，而把不定式放到后面?？山觟t作形式賓語的動詞有feel,find,make,think等。

Summary:

動詞不定式用作定語，放在被修飾的名詞________。1.動詞不定式作定語常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作后置定語,表示__________的動作。后面尚未發(fā)生2.名詞前有_______________等詞以及最高級修飾時,其后要用動詞不定式。3.抽象名詞________________________________________________等或不定代詞_______________等后面常用不定式作后置定語。4.當名詞與定語之間存在_____關(guān)系時。5.當名詞與定語之間存在_____關(guān)系時。6.當名詞與定語有______關(guān)系時。Shewasthefirst

Chinesewomantogotospace.first,last,next,onlyJanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesiretodousefulwork.attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,waysomething,nothingSheisanicepersontoworkwith.動賓Wemustfindapersontodothejob.主謂Wegottheordertoleavethecity.同位Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)意義一般式todotobedone

.進行式

.完成式動作發(fā)生在謂語動作

.the

infinitive

tense表將來正在發(fā)生之前tobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonesummaryattribute定語todo1.放在被修飾名詞后面,常表示將要發(fā)生的動作；

2.普通名詞被序數(shù)詞、最高級、theonly、thenext等修飾時；3.抽象名詞后：dream,desire，opportunity

......4.被修飾詞為不定代詞：something,nothing,anything等

單句語法填空①________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse．②WetravelonDay2tonorthernFrance_______(visit)theWorldWarⅠbattlefields．③WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustglad______(find)themalive．④Wouldyoubesokindas________(spare)sometimetocomeandjoinus?TolearntovisittofindtospareSummarizetheusagesofinfinitivesastheattributeortheadverbial.adverbial狀語attribute定語todo目的狀語:結(jié)果狀語:enoughto

(足夠做...),too...to(太...而不能),so/such...asto

(如此...以至于)多修飾名詞常作后置定語往往表示晚于謂語發(fā)生的動作普通名詞常被序數(shù)詞、最高級修飾抽象名詞常有：dream,desire,chance,hope,promise,idea,fact,way...todo,inorderto

(可句首句中),soasto

(只能句中)1.In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersonwhogotmarriedinspace.

=In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstperson

____________________________.2.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.=Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywater__________________________________________________.togetmarriedinspaceto/inorderto/soastorecycleitforlateruseRewritethesentencesusinginfinitivesor“inorderto/soasto+do”.Chang