Unit 10 知識講解八年級英語上冊基礎(chǔ)知識專項(xiàng)講練（人教版）

Unit10Ifyougototheparty,you'llhaveagoodtime.（知識講解）...let'sorderfoodfromarestaurant.……咱們從飯店訂餐吧?！局R詳解】①〔及物動詞〕訂購；訂貨；點(diǎn)菜ordersth.from...從……訂購某物Iorderedsomeclothesfromthatshop.②〔及物動詞〕命令ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事ItissaidthatduringYaoandShuntimes,ShunorderedYutocontroltheflood.③〔名詞〕秩序；順序；點(diǎn)菜in...order按……順序take/haveone'sorder點(diǎn)菜Putthesentencesintherightorder.MayItake/haveyourorder?拓展order可構(gòu)成inorderto...或inorderthat...結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“為了……”。Irefusedhisinvitationinordertolookaftermygrandmother.=IrefusedhisinvitationinorderthatIcouldlookaftermygrandmother.【經(jīng)典題】1．Inorder________forthemeeting,mysisterdecidedtogetupearlythismorning.A．nottobelate B．notbeinglate C．tobelate D．beinglate【答案】A【詳解】句意：為了開會不遲到，我妹妹決定今天早上早起?？疾閕norderto的用法。inordertodosth.“為了做某事”，表目的，todo“動詞不定式”，所以其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為inordernottodosth.“為了不做某事”，根據(jù)“mysisterforcedherselftogetupearlythismorning”可知應(yīng)是為了不遲到，故選A。2．Theofficerorderedhismen________thepeopleinthecity.A．forprotecting B．toprotect C．protect D．toprotecting【答案】B【詳解】句意：這個軍官命令他的手下保護(hù)這個城市的人們?？疾閯釉~不定式。ordersb.todosth.“命令某人做某事”，protect“保護(hù)”，故用動詞不定式形式。故選B。Canyougivemesomeadvice?你能給我一些建議嗎?【知識詳解】advice是不可數(shù)名詞,意為“勸告;建議",可以用some,much,apieceof等修飾。如apieceofadvice意為"一條建議";twopiecesofadvice意為"兩條建議"。常與advice措配的形容詞有g(shù)ood,useful,helpful等。Ineedsomeadviceaboutmycomputer.我需要一些有關(guān)我的電腦的建議。固定搭配①givesb.someadvice給某人一些建議Myfatheroncegavemesomeusefuladvice,我父親曾經(jīng)給過我一些有用的建議。②getsomeadvice(fromsb.)(從某人那里)獲得一些建議Hedecidedtogetsomeadvicefromanexpert他決定從一位專家那里獲得一些建議。③follow/takesb.'sadvice聽從/采納某人的建議Hefollowed/tookhisdoctor'sadviceandstucktoalow-fatdiet.他聽從/采納了他的醫(yī)生的建議,堅持低脂飲食。④asksb.'sadviceon/about..問某人關(guān)于...的建議CanIaskyouradviceon/aboutlearningEnglish?我能問一下你關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)英語的建議嗎?聯(lián)想拓展advice的動詞形式為advise。advise的常見搭配有:①advisesth/doingsth建議某事/做某事②advisesbhowtodosth建議某人如何做某事③advisesbtodosth建議某人做某事EvansadvisedhimtoleaveLondon埃文斯勸他離開倫敦。Headvisesthemontaxmatters.他向他們提供稅務(wù)建議?！窘?jīng)典題】1.—You’dbetteradvisehimanythingoutofthewindowwhiledriving.—Iwill.Hehastoknowit’sdangerous.A．notthrowing B．nothrowingC．nottothrow D．don’tthrow【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你最好建議他開車時不要把東西扔到窗外?！視摹Ｋ仨氈肋@很危險。考查不定式的否定。advisesb.nottodosth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“建議某人不要做某事”，由此可知此處需要填動詞不定式的否定形式，故選C。2.Mr.Lingaveussome_____howtolearnEnglishwelllastweek.A．a(chǎn)dviceabout B．a(chǎn)dvicesaboutC．a(chǎn)nadvicein D．a(chǎn)dvicesin【答案】A【詳解】句意：上周林先生給了我一些關(guān)于怎樣學(xué)好英語的建議?？疾槊~及介詞。about介詞，“關(guān)于”；in“在……里面”。advice是不可數(shù)名詞，故沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不能用冠詞an修飾，故排除BCD。結(jié)合句意，故選A。Unlesswetalktosomeone,we'llcertainlyfeelworse.如果我們不找從聊聊,我們肯定會感覺更糟?！局R點(diǎn)詳解】unless〔連詞〕除非；如果不 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于if...not...。Unlessheinvitesme,Iwon'tgotohisparty.=Ifhedoesn'tinviteme,Iwon'tgotohisparty.注意當(dāng)主句用一般將來時或是祈使句時，unless引導(dǎo)的從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時。Therewillbemorepollutionunlesspeopledriveless.Don'tpourthewaterintotheriverunlessyoumakesureitiscleanenough.【經(jīng)典題】Mylittleson_____gotosleep______Itellhimastoryeverynight.A．doesn't;if B．won't;if C．doesn't;unless D．won't;unless【答案】D【詳解】句意：除非我每晚給兒子講故事，不然的話他不會去睡覺。考查動詞時態(tài)及連詞。if如果；unless如果不。根據(jù)語境可知，本題考查條件狀語從句，要符合主將從現(xiàn)的原則，故排除A和C；結(jié)合語境，我兒子不去睡覺和我給他講故事之間用unless，表示如果不，故選D。IfItellmyparents,they’llbeangry.如果我告訴我的父母，他們會生氣的【知識點(diǎn)詳解】angry〔形容詞〕發(fā)怒的；生氣的固定搭配①getangry生氣 ②beangrywith/atsb.生某人的氣 ③beangryabout/oversth.對某事生氣Ifyoudon'tfinishthework,Mr.Greenwillbeangry.Hewasbeginningtogetangry.Mymotherwasangrywithmeaboutmycarelessmistakes.拓展angrily〔副詞〕憤怒地，生氣地Shelookedathimangrily.【經(jīng)典題】Mysisteristillvery_____withmebecauseIbrokehernewpencilboxyesterday.A．popular B．satisfied C．honest D．a(chǎn)ngry【答案】D【詳解】句意：我妹妹仍然很生我的氣，因?yàn)槲易蛱齑蚱屏怂男裸U筆盒。A.popular形容詞，流行的，受歡迎的；

B.satisfied形容詞，滿意的；

C.honest形容詞，誠實(shí)的；

D.angry形容詞，生氣的。根據(jù)句意故選DHerdadsaidhesometimesmadecarelessmistakeshimself.她的爸爸說他自己有時候也犯粗心的錯誤?！局R點(diǎn)詳解】mistake作名詞,意為"錯誤",常見搭配makeamistake(犯錯),correctamistake(改正錯誤),admitone'smistake(承認(rèn)某人的錯誤)。拓展mistake也可以作動詞,意為"弄錯;誤解”。Therearesomespellingmistakesinyourhomework.你的作業(yè)里有一些拼寫錯誤。背例句學(xué)搭配固定搭配①makeamistakein...在..中犯錯誤②bymistake錯誤地③mistakeAforB把A錯當(dāng)成B【經(jīng)典題】Heoften________inspellinglastyear.A．makesamistake B．makesmistakesC．madeamistake D．mademistake【答案】C【詳解】句意：去年他常在拼寫方面出錯。考查固定短語和一般過去時。根據(jù)lastyear可知時態(tài)用一般過去時，所以排除A、B選項(xiàng)。makemistakes/amistake固定短語，意思是“犯錯誤”，所以排除D選項(xiàng)；故答案選C。Theygotheranewwalletandaskedhertobemorecareful.他們給她買了一個新錢包，還讓她再小心些?！局R點(diǎn)詳解】careful是形容詞,可用在系動詞后作表語,也可用在名詞前作定語?？谡Z中提醒別人要小心時常用becareful,意為"當(dāng)心;小心"。Becareful--thefloor'sslippery.小心地板很滑。固定搭配①becarefulabout...對.....小心Maryiscarefulaboutwhatsheeats.瑪麗對她吃的東西很小心。②becarefultodosth,小心做某事Youshouldbecarefultodealwithsuchkindofmetal.你應(yīng)該小心處置這種金屬。聯(lián)想拓展careful的副詞形式是carefully,意為“小心地;仔細(xì)地"。careless意為"粗心的;不小心的",是careful的反義詞。-less為形容詞否定后綴,類似的詞有meaningless,helpless,homeless,selfless(無私的)等。Becarefulwhenyouwalkonthestreet.在街上走路時要小心?！窘?jīng)典題】Tomdoeshishomework________inhisclass.A．verycarefully B．themostcarefully C．morecarefully D．themostcareful【答案】B【詳解】句意：湯姆在他班里做作業(yè)最認(rèn)真。考查副詞最高級。careful認(rèn)真的，形容詞；carefully認(rèn)真地，副詞。此空修飾動詞does，要用副詞，排除D選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)“inhisclass”可知，三者以上的比較要用最高級，故選B。Hethinksthefirststepistofindsomeoneyoutrusttotalkto.他認(rèn)為第一步是找到你信任的某個人談一談?！局R點(diǎn)詳解】trust作動詞時,意為“相信;信任",其后可以直接跟名詞、代詞等作賓語。其作名詞表示“信任；新來；相信”時，為不可數(shù)名詞Idon'ttrusthim.我不信任他。Canwetrustthesedata?我們能相信這些數(shù)據(jù)嗎?固定搭配①〔動詞〕相信；信任 常見用法有：trustsb.(=believeinsb.)信任某人 Ijustdon'ttrust(=believein)him.trustsb.(not)todosth.相信某人（不）會做某事 Youcantrustmenottotellanyone.truststh.相信某事 Hetrustedherjudgement.②〔名詞〕信任 Ifyouputyourtrustinme,Iwillnotletyoudown.【經(jīng)典題】一Nancynevertellslies(謊言)，doesshe?一No.Wecan_____herallthetimeA．a(chǎn)dvise B．trust C．hurt D．refuse【答案】B【詳解】句意：-南希從不說謊，是嗎？-是的，我們可以一直信任她。A.advise建議；B.trust信任；C.hurt傷害；D.refuse拒絕。不說謊的人是可以一直“信賴”的，故選B。Studentsoftenforgetthattheirparentshavemoreexperience...學(xué)生們經(jīng)常忘記他們的父母有更多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)【知識點(diǎn)詳解】experience作名詞時有兩個意思。experience意為"經(jīng)歷"時,為可數(shù)名詞;experience意為"經(jīng)驗(yàn)”時,為不可數(shù)名詞,可用于短語haveexperiencein/ofsth.,意為"在某事上有經(jīng)驗(yàn)"。experience還可以作動詞,意為"經(jīng)歷;體驗(yàn);體會”。Ihadasimilarexperiencelastyear.去年我有過一次相似的經(jīng)歷。Ihavesomeexperiencein/offashiondesign.我在時裝設(shè)計方面有一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Childrenneedtoexperiencethingsforthemselvesinordertolearnfromthem.孩子需要自己經(jīng)歷事情,以便從中學(xué)習(xí)?！窘?jīng)典題】—IsMr.Liuateacherwithmuchteaching________?—Yes,heis.Healwaystellsusmanyfunnytravelling________afterclass.experience;experiences B．experiences;experiences C．experiences;experience D．experience;experience【答案】A【詳解】句意：——劉老師是一位有豐富教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教師嗎？——是的，他是。他總是在課后跟我們講許多有趣的旅行經(jīng)歷?？疾槊~experience的用法。experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不可數(shù)名詞；經(jīng)歷，可數(shù)名詞。第一個空表示“教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，所以第一個空填experience。第二個空表示“旅行經(jīng)歷”，many修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以第二個空填experiences，故選A。Whoelsecanyougetadvicefrom?你還能從誰那兒獲得建議呢?【知識點(diǎn)詳解】else為副詞,意為"別的;其他的",常用在疑問代詞和不定代詞后。There'ssomethingelseI'dliketotalkaboutaswell，我還有一些其他事情也想談一談。IfIcan'ttrustyou,whoelsecanItrust?我要是不能相信你,我還能相信誰呢?易混辨析else與other的用法區(qū)別other作形容詞,意為"其他的",后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式;而else是副詞,常位于疑問代詞和不定代詞后。Whatotherthingsdidyouseeinthebigbox?你看到那個大箱子里面還有什么別的東西?Whatelsedidyouseeinthebigbox?你看到那個大箱子里面還有別的什么?【經(jīng)典題】Wehavegoteverythingready,soweneed___________.A．elsesomething B．somethingelse C．nothingelse D．elsenothing【答案】C【詳解】句意：我們把一切都準(zhǔn)備好了，所以我們不需要別的東西了?？疾椴欢ù~。A.elsesomething詞序錯誤；B.somethingelse其它的東西；C.nothingelse沒有其它的東西；D.elsenothing詞序錯誤。事情準(zhǔn)備好了，所以“不需要其它東西”。故選C。Ifyouaskpeopletobringfood,they’lljustbringpotatoclipsandchocolatebecausethey’llbetoolazytocook.如果你讓大家?guī)澄飦?，他們只會帶炸薯?xiàng)l和巧克力，因?yàn)樗麄兲珣辛?。【知識點(diǎn)詳解】①asksb.todosth意為＂要求某人做某事＂，其否定形式是＂asksb.nottodosth.＂要求某人不要做某事。Irequiretoaskhimtogotothemovies.我想讓他去電影院。固定詞組：asksbaboutsth詢問某人關(guān)于某東西asksbsth詢問某人某東西asksbforsth向某人索取某東西②too+adj./adv.+todosth.意為＂太……而不能做某事＂，表否定意義。too…to…有時可與not...enoughto...進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換。Themathproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.這道數(shù)學(xué)題太難，我解不出來。Mysoupistoohottodrink.我的湯太燙，沒法喝。Theboyistooyoungtojointhearmy.=Theboyisnotoldenoughtojointhearmy.【經(jīng)典題】1.Youhadbetteraskyourbrother_______playingcomputergames.It’sbadforhim.A．togiveup B．nottogiveup C．togiveitup【答案】A【詳解】句意：你最好讓你的兄弟放棄玩電腦游戲。這對他不好。考查動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。asksbtodosth“要求某人做某事”，此處是指放棄玩電腦游戲，故選A。2．Jackarrivedattheconcert________late________seethebeginningoftheshow.A．so;that B．so;to C．enough;to D．too;to【答案】D【詳解】句意：Jack到達(dá)音樂會的時候太晚了，沒能看到演出的開始?？疾閠oo...to...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。so...that太……以致于；so...to不是常見表達(dá)；enoughto足夠……去做某事（形容詞/副詞應(yīng)位于enough的前面）；too...to太……而不能。根據(jù)“Jackarrivedattheconcert...late...seethebeginningoftheshow.”可知，此處表示到的時候太晚了，所以沒能看到演出的開始。too...to符合語境。故選D。Ifpeoplehaveproblems,theyshouldkeepthemtothemselves.如果人們有問題，他們應(yīng)該絕口不提?！局R點(diǎn)詳解】keep...tooneself保守秘密；絕口不提；把問題/煩惱埋在心底Ipromisetokeepittomyself.keep用法小結(jié)：【經(jīng)典題】1．—Canyoutellmewhyyousucceed?—Keep________andyouwillgetwhatyouwant.A．workhard B．toworkhard C．workinghard【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你能告訴我你為什么成功嗎?——繼續(xù)努力工作,你會得到你想要的?？疾楣潭ň湫?。workhard努力工作,原形；toworkhard不定式；workinghard動名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞。keepdoingsth“繼續(xù)做某事”固定搭配，填動名詞workinghard。故選C。2．Hersonisveryshy.Healwayskeepsproblemsto_______.A．he B．his C．himself【答案】C【詳解】句意：她兒子很害羞。他總是把問題留給自己?？疾榇~辨析。he他；his他的；himself他自己。根據(jù)“Hersonisveryshy.”可知，她兒子很害羞，所以有問題放自己心里；keepproblemstooneself“把問題留給某人自己”，故用反身代詞himself。故選C。Sometimestheyhaveproblemswiththeirschoolwork,andsometimeswiththeirfriends.有時他們有學(xué)業(yè)方面的問題，有時有朋友方面的問題。【知識點(diǎn)詳解】haveproblemswith在……方面有問題Somepeoplehaveproblemswiththeirminds.拓展haveproblems/trouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難Noproblem沒問題Hehasproblems/trouble/difficulty(in)sleeping.【經(jīng)典題】—MayIuseyourglue?I’mmakingakite.—________Hereyouare.A．Noway. B．Thatsoundsbad. C．Noproblem. D．Whatashame!【答案】C【詳解】句意：——我可以用你的膠水嗎？我在做風(fēng)箏。——沒有問題。給你?？疾榍榫敖浑H。Noway沒門；Thatsoundsbad這聽起來很糟糕；Noproblem沒問題；Whatashame真遺憾。根據(jù)“Hereyouare.”可知，同意給對方膠水，應(yīng)用Noproblem。故選C。Itisbestnottorunawayfromourproblems.最好不要逃避我們的問題?！局R點(diǎn)詳解】1)Itisbest(not)todosth.最好（不）做某事，it為形式主語，動詞不定式短語為真正的主語。此句式相當(dāng)于"You'dbetter(not)dosth."。ItisbesttospeakEnglisheveryday.=You'dbetterspeakEnglisheveryday.2)runawayfrom逃避；回避Youcan'trunawayfromyourresponsibilities.拓展與run相關(guān)的常用短語：runoff跑掉runafter追趕 runoutof用完；用光 runaway逃跑；出逃【經(jīng)典題】—Ithinkweteenagersshouldn’trun________theproblemswemeet.—Iagree________you.Weshouldfacethembravely（勇敢地）.A．a(chǎn)wayfrom,with B．a(chǎn)way,to C．a(chǎn)wayfrom,to【答案】A【詳解】句意：我認(rèn)為我們青少年不應(yīng)該逃避我們遇到的問題。——我同意你的看法。我們應(yīng)該勇敢地面對?？疾閯釉~短語。根據(jù)“shouldn’trun...theproblemswemeet”和選項(xiàng)可知第一空考查runawayfrom“逃離、逃避”；根據(jù)“Iagree...you.”可知第二空考查agreewithsb“同意某人”。故選A。Weshouldalwaystrytosolvethem.我們應(yīng)該總是盡力去解決問題。【知識點(diǎn)詳解】①try：動詞，盡力；嘗試詞組：trytodosth盡力干某事trydoingsth試著干某事tryone’sbesttodosth盡某人最大努力干某事tryon試穿注意：try作名詞講，嘗試haveatry試一試②solve:動詞，解決辨析：solve與answersolve解決；解答常與problem搭配使用，表示解決問題，此問題難度較大answer回答；答復(fù)常與question搭配使用，表示回答問題，此問題難度較小Butbeingangrycan'tsolveproblems.Whocananswermyquestion?【經(jīng)典題】1．Margaretisstilltrying______thePhysicsproblembyherself