英語句子寫作 課件 3.6relative clause4

Relativeclause(4)Inthissection,youwillLearnprepositionswith“which”and“whom”LearnzerorelativepronounsandadverbsKnowthecircumstancesinwhichonly“that”canbeused.Howtouse“as”and“but”inrelativeclausesDoaquizObjectivesPrepositionswith“which”and“whom”TheBoardwillmeetthejournalist,fromwhomtheyexpectanapology.Experienceisaschoolfromwhichonecannevergraduate.×prepositionswith“that”.×Thecitywasthrownintoanecstasyofdelight,inthateveryonewascelebratingNewYear’sDay.√Thecitywasthrownintoanecstasyofdelight,inwhicheveryonewascelebratingNewYear’sDay.Theoldladywhomsheislookingafterishergrandmother.“l(fā)ookafter”isaphrasalverb(短語動詞),whichcannotbeseparatedintherelativeclause.Otherphrasalverbs:relyon,getalongwith,bringup,catchupwith,takecareof,lookat,fillin……MoreexamplesThisisthebookwhich/thatIamlookingfor.Thatisnotthekindoflifewhich/thathewaslookingforwardto.IwanttosaygoodbyetoallthethingsthatIhadtoputupwithinthepast.Heismygoodfriend,whomIusuallyturntowhenIamintrouble.Thereareotherproblems,whichIdon’tproposetogointoatthemoment.Thisillness,whichhesufferedfrom,hadkilledhisfather.“ofwhich”,“ofwhom”structureItisalanguagesharedbyseveralquitediversecultures,eachofwhichusesitdifferently.Tenforeignstudentswereadmittedtothecollege,threeofwhomcamefromtheUK.“someof”，”manyof”and“mostof”+“which”/”whom”ExamplesIfforeigngovernmentswantChinatoraiseitsimportssignificantly,theymayhavetoconsiderChina’sdemandsforaccesstoabroaderrangeofhigh-techimports,someofwhicharecurrentlyrestrictedformilitaryandstrategicreasons.如果外國政府想使中國進口大幅增長，他們必須考慮中國對待更多高科技進口產(chǎn)品的需求，目前一些產(chǎn)品因軍事和戰(zhàn)略原因在向中國出口時受到限制。Whenthatnewdayfinallydawns,itwillbebecauseofalotofmagnificentwomen,manyofwhomarerighthereinthisroomtoday,andsomeprettyphenomenalmen,fightinghardtomakesurethattheybecometheleaderswhotakeustothetimewhennobodyeverhastosufferfromsexualdiscriminationagain.當(dāng)全新的日子最終降臨時，大家都要感謝一大批偉大的女性，其中很多人今天就在現(xiàn)場，以及一些杰出的男士，他們努力奮斗，確保自己成為領(lǐng)袖，帶領(lǐng)我們來到一個沒有人會再受到性別歧視困擾的時代。ZerorelativepronounThisisthemanwhomIsaw.√ThisisthemanIsaw.JohnbuiltthehousethatIwasbornin.√JohnbuiltthehouseIwasbornin.TheletterwhichIpostedthreedaysagohasn’tarrivedyet.√TheletterIposedthreedaysagohasn’tarrivedyet.Thezerorelativepronouncannotbethesubjectoftheverbintherelativeclause.Jackbuiltthehousethatsitsonthehill.×Jackbuiltthehousesitsonthehill.Sheistheonewhoencouragedme.×Sheistheoneencouragedme.Philosophyissomethingthatcannotbedefined.×Philosophyissomethingcannotbedefined.“where”cannotbeomitted.“when”canbeomittedonlyinrestrictiverelativeclause.Sometimes,“why”canbeomitted.Ilongforthemoment(when)Icanhavearest.Isthatthereason(why)youstudydancing?All

(that)hecoulddothenwastoapologizeforwhathehaddone.Thestudent

(whom)youcriticizedintheclasshasmadeaself-criticism.Themanlyingunderthetreeistheguy

aboutwhompeoplearetalking.Ilongforthemoment

(when)Icanhavearest.Isthatthereason

(why)youstudydancing?ExamplesPeopledon’tappreciatethingstheydonotunderstand.人們不欣賞他們不懂的東西。Don’ttrustthefirstsignyousee.不要相信你看見的第一個跡象。Don’texpectpeopletodothingsyouwouldnotdoyourself.己所不欲勿施于人。Only“that”1.Theantecedentincludesthefollowingwords“all,little,few,much,any,anything,everything,nothing,none,theone”andreferstothingsinthemainclause.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Hewilltellyoueverythingthatheheardaboutit.Thereislittleworkthatisfitforyou.Ihaveeatenallthefoodthatisleft.2.Theantecedentsinclude“thefirst,thesecond,….last,next,theonly,thevery”orthesuperlativeformofadjectives.ThisisthefirstfilmthatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.3.Theantecedentreferstopeopleandthings,oracollectivenoun.MenandthingsthatIsawtherewereverycurious.Shewantstojoinateamthatconsistsofteenagers.4.Whenthemainclausebeginswith“who”or“which”,weuse“that”toavoidrepetition.Whichisthehousethatcaughtfirelastnight?Whoistheladythatisplayingthepiano?5.IftherelativeclauseistheSVC(subject+linkingverb+subjectcomplement)structure,andtherelativepronounisactingasthesubjectcomplementintheclause,only“that”canbeused.Heisnottheman

thatheseems.Hetalksliketheman

thathewastwentyyearsago.As—relativepronounInrestrictiverelativeclauses,“as”shouldbeusedinthefollowingstructures:“such…as”；”so…as”；”thesame…as”Ineverheardsuchstories

ashetells.Hereissobigapieceoffurniture

asnoonecanmove.Heboughtthesamemobilephone

asyouhad.“thesame…as”vs.“thesame…that”ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.(Thewatchisnotmine)ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.(Thewatchismine)前一句表示這個手表和我丟的那塊手表一樣；后一句表示這就是我丟的那塊手表。Hereturnedwithtobacco,matches,andsuchprovisionsaswereneeded.他帶著煙葉、火柴以及必要的食品回來了。Wehadhopedtogiveyouachancesuchasnobodyelseeverhad.(Wehadhopedtogiveyousuchachanceasnobodyelseeverhad.)我們本來希望給你一次別人不曾有過的機會。Innon-restrictiverelativeclauses,“as”usuallyreferstoapartoforthewholemainclause.Sophiawasnotunconscious,ascouldbejudgedfromhereyes.Aswasexpected,heperformedthetaskwithsuccess.Toshutyoureyestofacts,asmanyofyoudo,isfoolish.像你們中許多人一樣，對事實視而不見是愚蠢的。Hedidn’tfinishhishomeworkagainyesterday,asisoftenthecase.他昨天又沒有完成家庭作業(yè)，他總是那樣。But—relativepronoun“but”isusedinnegativesentences,referringtopeopleorthings.Thereisnorule

buthasexceptions.Thereisnorulethathasno

exceptions.Thereisnooneofus

butadmireshistalents.Thereisnooneofuswho

doesnotadmirehistalents.Surelythereisn’tamotherbutfacesthisproblem.可以肯定的是，凡是當(dāng)母親的都會面臨這一問題。what“what”isthecombinationofantecedentandrelativepronoun，

referringto“thething/thingsthat…”，or“thepersonwho…“WhatIwantisyouradvice.Heiswhatwecallawalkingdictionary.whatever，whoever，whicheverIwilldowhateverIcantohelpthem.IwilldoanythingthatIca