2024年高考英語模擬卷1全解全析（北京專用）

2024高考仿真模擬卷01

英語

（考試時間：100分鐘試卷滿分：100分）

注意事項:

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡

皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題：每小題1.5份，共15份）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上

將該選項涂黑。

Itwas4:30pm.AsIwaspackingup,Inoticedmycolleaguehadlefthislaptopbagintheoffice.SoI

decidedtobringittohim.Ittookmeabout15minutestogettohishouse,whereI]thebagandgotright

backontheroad.

SuddenlyasnowstormcameandwithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.IstoppedbecauseIwasafraidof

drivingintoafarmer^field,orworse.Ikeptthecar2tostaywarmandcalled911.Theytoldmetosittight

andwaitthingsoutforthenight.

Thosesecondsafterthecallwere3.Breathe,Itoldmyself.Panickingwon'thelp.

Itextedmycolleague,jokingaboutmygooddeedendingin4.HesuggestedIshareasatelliteviewof

my5onmysocialmedia.AndIdidso,prayingthatanyonewhoknewtheresidentsofthenearbyfarms

couldgetmerescued.

Waitinginthecar,Idoubtedwhether6wouldbeabletocome.Soonenough,though,Igotamessage

fromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwiththem.

At8pm,Isawatallfigureinayellowraincoatstridingtowardmeinthedark,carryingaflashlight.I'd

neverbeenmore7toseesomeoneinmylife.ItwasAndreBouvier,who'dwalkedabout550yardstocome

getme,fightingthewindandsnoweachstepoftheway.

Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthedirection.Idrovebehindhim,feeling

myheartbegintobeatmore8.Whenwereachedhishouse,Iburstintotears,allmyfearsturningintorelief

and9.

Theexperiencehasbeenagamechangerforme.Inow10challengeswithasenseofcalmI'dnot

knownbefore.Butbestofall,itbroughtAndreintomylife.

1.A.droppedoffB.filledupC.setasideD,putaway

2.A.lockedB.parkedC.signalingD.running

3.A.painfulB.criticalC.disappointingD.impressive

4.A.failureB.smokeC.disasterD.mystery

5.A.routeB.locationC.directionD.destination

6.A.newsB.helpC.hopeD.faith

7.A.satisfiedB.surprisedC.relievedD.worried

8.A.slowlyB.excitedlyC.nervouslyD.strongly

9.A.recognitionB.admirationC.satisfactionD,appreciation

10.A.identifyB.presentC.approachD.anticipate

【答案】1.A2.D3.A4.C5.B6.B7.C8.A9.D10.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。這篇文章主要講述了作者的一次經(jīng)歷。作者為同事送電腦包在返回的路上，遭

遇了暴風雪而失去方向，分享被困位置停車等待救援時，一位叫安德烈的人幫助自己擺脫困境，這次經(jīng)歷

讓作者改變了應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)的態(tài)度，也從此與安德烈相識。

1.考查動詞短語辨析。句意:我花了大約15分鐘到達他的家，在那里我放下包,然后馬上回到路上。A.dropped

off放下；B.fillup填滿；C.setaside留出；D.putaway收好。根據(jù)上文的"SoIdecidedtobringittohim.”和

本句中的“gotrightbackontheroad”可知，作者到同事家放下包就回來了。故選A。

2.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我讓汽車發(fā)動著以保持溫暖，并撥打了911?A.locked鎖上；B.parked停車；

C.signaling發(fā)信號；D.running奔跑，運行。根據(jù)上文的"SuddenlyasnowstormcameandwithinminutesIwas

inawhiteout.“可知，外面很冷，"我”需要讓汽車保持運行狀態(tài)來取暖。故選D。

3.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通話后的那幾秒鐘是痛苦的。A.painful痛苦的；B.critical關(guān)鍵的；C.

disappointing令人沮喪的；D.impressive令人欽佩的。根據(jù)下文的"Breathe,Itoldmyself.Panickingwon'thelp."

可知，“我”在當時那種情況下感到害怕，安慰自己放松下來，因此等待的過程讓人感動痛苦。故選A。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我給同事發(fā)了短信，開玩笑說我的好事以災(zāi)難告終。A.failure失敗；B.smoke

煙霧；C.disaster災(zāi)難；D.mystery神秘。根據(jù)上文的"SuddenlyasnowstonncameandwithinminutesIwasina

whiteout.IstoppedbecauseIwasafraidofdrivingintoafarmer^field,orworse."可知，"我“把做好事卻遭遇暴

風雪這件事調(diào)侃成災(zāi)難。故選Co

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他建議我在社交媒體上分享我的位置的衛(wèi)星視圖。A.route路線；B.location

地點；C.direction方向；D.destination目的地。根據(jù)下文的"AndIdidso,prayingthatanyonewhoknewthe

residentsofthenearbyfarmscouldgetmerescued."可知，"我"在社交媒體上分享自己的位置，希望有人來救

“我故選B。

6.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在車里等待時，我懷疑是否有人能夠來幫我。作者不確定是否有人能來幫助

自己。A.news新聞；B.help幫助;C.hope希望;D.faith信念。根據(jù)下文的"Soonenough,though,Igotamessage

fromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwiththem."可知，我不確定的"幫助”真的來到了。故選Bo

7.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在我的一生中，我從未如此高興看到有人。A.satisfied滿意的；B.surprised

驚訝的；C.relieved寬慰的；D.worried擔心的?！拔摇笨吹接腥藖砭戎约?，因此會感到很寬慰。故選C。

8.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:我開車跟在他后面，感覺自己的心臟開始跳得更慢了。A.slowly緩慢地；

B.excitedly興奮地；C.nervously緊張地；D.strongly強烈地。根據(jù)上文的“Heturnedaroundandstartedto

trudgethroughthesnow,sureofthedirection."可知，“我”在跟隨安德烈走出困境，因此在這種情況下心情不再

緊張，心跳得更慢了。故選A。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當我們到達他的家時，我突然哭了起來，我所有的恐懼都變成了寬慰和感激。

A.recognition認可；B.admiration贊賞；C.satisfaction滿足;D.appreciation感激。根據(jù)上文的"Heturnedaround

andstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthedirection.”可知,安德烈?guī)椭?我"走出困境，因此“我”會感到

感激。故選Do

10.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我現(xiàn)在面對挑戰(zhàn)時帶著一種我以前不知道的平靜感。A.identify辨認；B.present

展示;C.approach應(yīng)對；D.anticipate預(yù)料。根據(jù)上文的“Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,

sureofthedirection."和“Whenwereachedhishouse”可知,"我“被成功解救，因此“我“堅信在面對挑戰(zhàn)和困難

時不會再慌張，會以一種以前沒有的平靜感去面對它們。故選C。

第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題，每小題1.5分洪15分)

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

A

Harbin,11(know)foritsiceandsnowfestivals,becameverypopularlastwinter.Anincreasing

numberoftouristsrushedtothe“IceCityofChina^^toexperiencethebestoficeandsnowculture.Besidesthe

frostydelights,thecitystillhasmuchmore12(offer)allyeararound,includingitstraditional

European-stylearchitecture,uniquecuisineandculturalevents.Thecity'sindividualattractionsmake13

amust-seespotnomattertheweather.

【答案】11.known12.tooffer13.it

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，講述了中國冰城——哈爾濱去年冬天變成了旅游勝地，它全年都有美麗的景

色和美食，是值得參觀的好地方。

11.考查非謂語動詞。句意：哈爾濱以冰雪節(jié)而聞名，去年冬天非常受歡迎。分析句子可知，became為謂

語動詞，空處用非謂語動詞，Harbin與know為被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作狀語。故填known。

12.考查非謂語動詞。句意：除了寒冷的樂趣，這座城市全年還有更多的東西可以提供，包括傳統(tǒng)的歐式

建筑，獨特的美食和文化活動。分析句子可知，空處修飾muchmore,用不定式作后置定語。故填tooffer。

13.考查代詞。句意：無論天氣如何，這座城市獨特的景點都是必去的景點。分析句子可知，make“使得”

的賓語表示“哈爾濱”這所城市，用在指代，amust-seespot作賓補。故填it。

B

ChatGPTisachatbot.Someschools14(ban)itsinceitsbirth.Theyneedtimetomakerulesabout

15it'stobeusedproperlyinclass.Someteachersseeitasa16(cheat)tool.Butmanyprincipals

believeifstoolatetokeepAIoutofclassrooms.Agrowingnumberof17(educate)saythepanicabout

AIisalotlikethepaniccausedbytheInternetwhenitwasnew.Oneofthemsays,“ChatGPTistoEnglishandto

writingwhatthecalculatoristomath.”

【答案】14.havebanned15.how16.cheating17.educators

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一些學校禁止使用ChatGPT,但許多教育工作者認為人工智能

在教育中是很重要的。

14.考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：一些學校自其誕生以來就禁止它。根據(jù)句中的“sinceitsbirth”可知，謂語

動詞ban使用現(xiàn)在完成時,主語“someschools”為復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填havebannedo

15.考查賓語從句。句意：他們需要時間來制定規(guī)則，規(guī)定如何在課堂上正確使用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，

空格處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中缺少狀語，表示“如何”，因此使用連接副詞how引導(dǎo)賓語從句，故填how。

16.考查動名詞。句意：一些老師認為這是一種作弊工具。動名詞形式作定語修飾名詞tool,用來表示該名

詞的用途、目的或場合，cheating修飾tool,意為“用來作弊的工具“，故填cheating。

17.考查名詞。句意：越來越多的教育工作者表示，對人工智能的恐慌很像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)剛出現(xiàn)時引起的恐慌。

此處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語，需要的詞義為“教育工作者”，即educator,它是可數(shù)名詞，前有“agrowingnumberof”

修飾，則educator需要變復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填educatorso

C

Inmyoldschooldays,running18(consider)boringandpainfulforme.WhenIstartedtowork,I

realisedexerciseshouldbepartofmylifestyle.Later,runningbecamemycareer.Overtheyears,I19

(coach)manyrunningteams.Needlesstosay,runninghasitsbenefits.Itisbelieved20runningcan

decreasetheriskofdeath.Soareyoucurrentlynotdoingit?Iencourageyoutostartnow.

【答案】18.wasconsidered19.havecoached20.that

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了跑步成了作者的職業(yè)，鼓勵人們跑步。

18.考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:在我上學校的時代，跑步對我來說是無聊和痛苦的。根據(jù)“Inmyoldschooldays”

可知，本句為一般過去時，主語running與謂語consider為被動關(guān)系，用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故填

wasconsideredo

19.考查時態(tài)。句意：這些年來，我執(zhí)教過許多跑步隊。根據(jù)“Overtheyears”可知，本句為現(xiàn)在完成時。故

填havecoached。

20.考查連接詞。句意：人們認為跑步可以降低死亡風險。Itisbelievedthat”人們認為.."that引導(dǎo)主語從

句，it作形式主語。故填that。

第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題，每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

Weneedpeoplelikeyou,whounderstandthepowerofscience,tofundtheresearchthatwillchangelivesin

thefuture.

BydonatingtotheMedicalResearchFoundation(MRF),you'llbefundingtheresearchthatfuturegenerations

willdependon.MRFisanindependentcharity,focusedsolelyonfundingqualitymedicalresearch.Withclose

linkstotheMedicalResearchCouncil(MRC),we'reabletochoosethemostimpactfulstudiesandadaptquicklyto

meetanyemerginghealthcrisis,thankstothesupportofpeoplelikeyou.

Yourgiftcansupportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds.Manyofthesescientistsareatthebeginningof

theircareers,whenfundingishardesttosecure.Yoursupportatthiscriticaltimecanprovidethespringboardthata

scientistneedstodrivetheirresearchandcareerforward,ensuringtheycancontinuetomakelife-changing

discoveries.

MRFhassupportedresearcherstacklingpressingchallengesliketheBirdFlu,aswellasvitalareasofresearch

thatareoftenoverlookedbyotherfunders,ensuringwefillthegapsinourmedicalknowledgeandprotectthe

futureofhumanhealth.

Assomeoneinterestedinscience,youwillunderstandthatwhilenoonecanpredictwhatwewillfacenext,

wecanbecertainthatitisonlythroughambitious,high-qualitymedicalresearchthatwewillmeetwhatevernew

challengescomeourway.Byleavingadonation,youcanhavealastingimpactonscienceandonthefutureof

humanhealth.

Contact&Support:叵］勺^值］

4>'@MedResFdn

CgMedResFdn同

8MedicalResearchFoundation

21.WhatdoestheMRFmainlydo?

A.ProvideservicefortheMRC.B.Predictemerginghealthcrisis.

C.Fundqualitymedicalresearch.D.Donatetopeopleinterestedinscience.

22.Byleavingadonation,youcan.

A.fillthegapsinmedicalknowledge

B.tacklethefuturepressingchallenges

C.choosethemostimpactfulmedicalstudies

D.supportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds

23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toraisemedicalresearchfunds.

B.Tointroducetheimpactbydonation.

C.Toanalysethehealthcrisisinthefuture.

D.Toemploypeopledevotedtomedicalresearch.

【答案】21.C22.D23.A

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是為了醫(yī)學研究基金會（MRF）募集醫(yī)學研究資金做的廣告宣傳。

21.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句"MRFisanindependentcharity,focusedsolelyonfundingqualitymedical

research.（MRF是一個獨立的慈善機構(gòu)，專注于資助高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)學研究。）”可知，MRF專注于資助高質(zhì)量的

醫(yī)學研究。故選C。

22.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句"Yourgiftcansupportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds.（你的饋贈可

以支持一些最聰明的科學家。）”可知，你的捐贈可以支持一些最聰明的科學家。故選D。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第——段“Weneedpeoplelikeyou,whounderstandthepowerofscience,tofundtheresearch

thatwillchangelivesinthefuture.（我們需要像你這樣的人，了解科學的力量，為改變未來生活的研究提供資

金。）”可知，這篇文章的目的是募集醫(yī)學研究資金。故選A。

B

“Yourmotherneedsanewheart,“myfathertoldmewhenIcalledonthatDecemberafternoon.An

unrelentingoptimist,hespokeasifshemerelyneededtohaveapartreplaced.But,althoughmytwosistersandI

knewthatourmotherhadheartproblems,thisnewsstillmadeusfrozenforawhilewithoureyeswideningin

disbelief.

Dr.MarcSemigranofthetransplantteamreviewedmymother'smedicalhistory.She'dhadanirregularand

rapidheartbeatformostofherlife.Herpresenttreatment-theuseofaseriesofcardioversions,orelectricjolts,

torestoreanormalheartbeat——wouldnotworkinthelong-term.Shehadanenlargedandweakenedheart,aswell

asafaultyvalve.

“Withmedication,Dr.Semigransaid,4<youhavea60percentchanceoflivingsixmonths.Youcouldhavea

longerlifewithatransplant,buttherearerisks.You'reatthetopendoftheagegroupofsixtyyearsold.Thelungs

andotherorgansmustbehealthyandstrong.Whilethetransplantsurgeryisactuallyastraightforwardprocedure,

acceptancebythebodyisthedifficultthing.”

Myfamilycametogether,tryingtoprovidestrengthandworkoutwhattodo.We'dalreadygonefromshock,

overourmother5scondition,toworrythatshewouldn'tbeasuitablerecipient.Despiteoftherisk,wechoseto

believethatshewouldmakeiteventually.

WordcamelaterinDecemberthatshehadbeenacceptedintotheprogramme.Dr.JeremyRuskintoldusone

ofthereasonsshehadbeenacceptedwasthatshehadsuchstrongfamilysupport.

OneMondayinMay,atabout8p.m.,mymotherreceivedaphonecallfromthehospitalthataheartwas

available.Asshewasabouttobewheeledoff,myfathertookherfaceinhishandsandlookedintohereyes.His

looksaideverythingabouttheir42-yearrelationship.

Thehearttransplantoperationwassuccessfulandtheconditionscouldnothavebeenbetter.

Theironyofthetransplantprocessisthatonefamily'slossisanother9sgain;thattragedybegetsfortune.Itis

akindoflifeafterdeath,ourheartsbeatingbeyondus.Wedevelopedafeelingofloveforthisnewpart,of

gratitudeforthedoctors,fortheprocess,andforthosepeoplewhomadeadecisionjustforhumanity.

24.Howdidthesistersfeeltothenewsthattheirmotherneededanewheart?

A.Frightened.B.Astonished.C.Worried.D.Annoyed.

25.Whichisthefactortoaffectthepossibilityoftheirmother'shearttransplant?

A.Herabnormalheartbeat.

B.Theageofoversixtyyearsold.

C.Herwillingnesstothetransplant.

D.Theadaptationofthenewheartinthebody.

26.Whatmadethetransplantteamdecidetohavetheoperation?

A.Thatherlungswerehealthy.

B.Thatanewhearthadbeenfound.

C.Thatherfamilywereexpectingtheoperation.

D.Thatherfamilytrustedthedoctors*medicallevel.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Familysupportisofgreatimportance.

B.Fortunefavorsthosewhoareoptimistic.

C.Confidencehelpspatientsovercomedifficulties.

D.Gettingpreparedbeforeacceptingatreatmentmatters.

【答案】24.B25.D26.C27.A

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了，作者母親常年心臟不好，現(xiàn)在需要進行心臟移植，家人雖擔心母

親是否能心臟移植成功，但大家相信她最終會成功，最終心臟移植手術(shù)很成功，作者感謝獻出心臟的家庭。

24.細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中“But,althoughmytwosistersandIknewthatourmotherhadheartproblems,this

newsstillmadeusfrozenforawhilewithoureyeswideningindisbelief.（但是，盡管我和我的兩個姐妹都知道我

們的母親有心臟問題，但這個消息還是讓我們停住不動了一段時間，難以置信地睜大了眼睛）”可知，聽到母

親需要一顆新的心臟的消息，作者和姐妹感到驚訝。故選B項。

25.細節(jié)理解題。由第三段中“Youcouldhavealongerlifewithatransplant,buttherearerisks.You'reatthetop

endoftheagegroupofsixtyyearsold.Thelungsandotherorgansmustbehealthyandstrong.Whilethetransplant

surgeryisactuallyastraightforwardprocedure,acceptancebythebodyisthedifficultthing.（你可以通過移植活

得更長，但也有風險。你處于60歲年齡組的頂端。肺部和其他器官必須健康強壯。雖然移植手術(shù)實際上是

一個簡單的過程，但被身體接受是一件困難的事情）”可知，心臟移植有風險，因為移植后新的心臟被身體接

受是一件困難的事情，說明新的心臟在身體中的適應(yīng)是影響母親心臟移植可能性的因素。故選D項。

26.細節(jié)理解題。由第五段“WordcamelaterinDecemberthatshehadbeenacceptedintotheprogramme.Dr.

JeremyRuskintoldusoneofthereasonsshehadbeenacceptedwasthatshehadsuchstrongfamilysupport.（12月

晚些時候，有消息稱她已被心臟移植項目錄取。JeremyRuskin博士告訴我們，她被錄取的原因之一是她有

如此強大的家庭支持）”可知，全家人支持母親進行心臟移植（即家人正期待著心臟移植手術(shù)）是讓移植團隊

決定給母親進行手術(shù)的原因。故選C項。

27.推理判斷題。由第三段中“Youcouldhavealongerlifewithatransplant,buttherearerisks.（你可以通過移

植活得更長，但也有風險）"，第四段"Myfamilycametogether,tryingtoprovidestrengthandworkoutwhattodo.

We'dalreadygonefromshock,overourmother'scondition,toworrythatshewouldn'tbeasuitablerecipient.

Despiteoftherisk,wechosetobelievethatshewouldmakeiteventually.（我的家人聚在一起，努力提供力量，

想辦法做什么。我們已經(jīng)對母親的病情感到震驚，擔心她不會是一個合適的接受者。盡管有風險，我們還

是選擇相信她最終會成功）"，第五段"WordcamelaterinDecemberthatshehadbeenacceptedintothe

programme.Dr.JeremyRuskintoldusoneofthereasonsshehadbeenacceptedwasthatshehadsuchstrong

familysupport.（12月晚些時候，有消息稱她已被心臟移植項目錄取。JeremyRuskin博士告訴我們，她被錄

取的原因之一是她有如此強大的家庭支持）”和倒數(shù)第二段“Thehearttransplantoperationwassuccessfuland

theconditionscouldnothavebeenbetter.（心臟移植手術(shù)很成功，而且情況再好不過了）“可知，盡管母親進行

心臟移植有風險，但全家人支持母親進行心臟移植，也正是因為家人的支持母親才被心臟移植項目錄取，

最終手術(shù)成功，可得出家庭支持非常重要。故選A項。

C

Agoodmealhasapositiveimpactonone'smood.ThosewhofeastonChristmasbuffetalmostenjoyan

immediateriseintheirbloodsugar.Thatwillpromptafloodofchemicalsthatactashappyhormonestorush

throughtheirbrains.

Butthepleasuregoesdeeper.Tyrosineandtryptophanareneededfortheproduction,respectively,of

dopamine,aneurotransmitter（神經(jīng)傳遞素）thatcontrolsfeelingsofpleasureandreward,andserotonin,another

such,whichhelpsregulatemood.AndcranberriesarehighinvitaminC,whichisinvolvedinconvertingdopamine

tonoradrenaline,anotherneurotransmitter,andalackofwhichseemstobeassociatedwithdepression.

Withmental-healthdisordersrising,agrowingnumberofscientistsareinvestigatinghowfoodornutritional

supplementsaffectthemind.Butseparatingthebrain5snutritionalneedsfromthoseoftherestofthebodyis

difficult.Notpossiblefornow,atleast.And,comparedwithotherfields,nutritionalscienceisunderstudied.Thatis

partlybecauseitishardtodowell.Randomisedcontrolledtrials(rets),usedtotestdrugs,aretricky.Fewpeople

wanttosticktoanexperimentaldietforyears.Instead,mostnutritionalscienceisbasedonobservationalstudies

thattrytoestablishassociationsbetweenparticularfoodsornutrientsanddiseases.Theycannotbeusedto

definitivelyproveacausal(因果關(guān)系的)connectionbetweenadiseaseandaparticularcontributingfactor

inadiet.Butaswithsmokingandlungcancer,puttogetherenoughofthesekindsoftrialsandcausalnarratives

begintoemerge.

Itisnowclearthatsomedietsareparticularlygoodforthebrain.Onerecentstudyconcludesthatstickingto

the("Mediterraneandiet",highinvegetables,fruit,pulsesandwholegrains,lowinredandprocessedmeatsand

saturatedfats,decreasesthechancesofexperiencingstrokes,cognitiveimpairmentanddepression.Otherrecent

worklookingata“green“Mediterraneandiethighinpolyphenolsfounditreducedage-relatedbrainatrophy.

Anotherversion,theminddiet,emphasises,amongotherthings,eatingberriesoverotherkindsoffruitandseems

tolessentheriskofdementia.

Scientiststhinksuchdietsmayworkbyreducinginflammationinthebrain.This,inturn,mayaffectareas

suchasthehippocampus,whichisassociatedwithlearning,memoryandmoodregulation-andwherenew

neuronsgrowinadults.Studiesinanimalsshowthatwhentheyarefedadietrichinomega-3fattyacids(from

walnuts,forexample),flavonoids(consumedmainlyviateaandwine),antioxidants(foundinberries)and

resveratrol(foundinredgrapes),neurongrowthisstimulatedandinflammatoryprocessesarereduced.Thisfits

withresearchsuggestingthatthosewhoregularlyeatultra-processed,friedandsugaryfoods,whichincrease

inflammationinthebrain,heightentheirriskofdevelopingdepression.

28.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplace“tricky“inParagraph3?

A.Rare.

B.Tough.

C.Traditional.

D.Contradictory.

29.Howdoresearchersdoobservationalstudiesinnutritionalscience?

A.Bykeepingatanexperimentaldietforyears.

B.Bycarryingoutrandomizedcontrolledtrials.

C.Byidentifyingaparticularcontributingfactor.

D.Bycomparingfindingsofcertainkindsoftrials.

30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Adietrichinfruitisgoodforcognitiveabilities.

B.Peoplefondofsugaryfoodsmaybearisklover.

C.Redgrapesaddfueltoinflammationinthebrain.

D.Drinkingteacansolveage-relatedbrainproblems.

31.Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?

A.Thelinksbetweendietsanddiseases.

B.ThesignificanceofMediterraneandiet.

C.Thefunctionofvariousneurotransmitters.

D.Theinfluenceofnutrientsonmentalhealth.

【答案】28.B29.D30.A31.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是食物中的營養(yǎng)素對心理健康的影響。

28.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Fewpeoplewanttosticktoanexperimentaldietforyears.Instead,mostnutritional

scienceisbasedonobservationalstudiesthattrytoestablishassociationsbetweenparticularfoodsornutrientsand

diseases.Theycannotbeusedtodefinitivelyproveacausal（因果關(guān)系的）connectionbetweenadiseaseanda

particularcontributingfactorinadiet.（很少有人愿意多年堅持實驗性飲食。相反，大多數(shù)營養(yǎng)科學是建立在觀

察性研究的基礎(chǔ)上的，這些研究試圖建立特定食物或營養(yǎng)素與疾病之間的聯(lián)系。它們不能被用來明確地證

明某種疾病與飲食中某一特定因素之間的因果關(guān)系。）''可知，用于測試藥物的隨機對照試驗是很難進行的，

劃線詞tricky的意思是“困難的”，和tough意思相近，故選B。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Instead,mostnutritionalscienceisbasedonobservationalstudiesthattryto

establishassociationsbetweenparticularfoodsornutrientsanddiseases.（相反，大多數(shù)營養(yǎng)科學是建立在觀察性

研究的基礎(chǔ)上的，這些研究試圖建立特定食物或營養(yǎng)素與疾病之間的聯(lián)系。）”和“Butaswithsmokingandlung

cancer,puttogetherenoughofthesekindsoftrialsandcausalnarratives,itbegintoemerge.（但就像吸煙和肺癌——

樣，把足夠多的這類試驗和因果敘述放在一起，它就會開始出現(xiàn)。）”可知，研究人員通過比較不同試驗的結(jié)

果在營養(yǎng)科學中進行觀察性研究。故選D。

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Onerecentstudyconcludesthatstickingtothe"Mediterraneandiet",highin

vegetables,fruit,pulsesandwholegrains,lowinredandprocessedmeatsandsaturatedfats,decreasesthechances

ofexperiencingstrokes,cognitiveimpairmentanddepression^最近的一項研究得出結(jié)論，堅持“地中海飲食”，

多吃蔬菜、水果、豆類和全谷物，少吃紅肉、加工肉類和飽和脂肪，可以降低患中風、認知障礙和抑郁癥

的幾率。）”可知，富含水果的飲食對認知能力有好處。故選A。

31.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段“Withmental-healthdisordersrising,agrowingnumberofscientistsare

investigatinghowfoodornutritionalsupplementsaffectthemind.（隨著心理疾病的增加，越來越多的科學家正在

研究食物或營養(yǎng)補充劑是如何影響心理的。）”可知，本文主要講的是食物中的營養(yǎng)素對心理健康的影響，即

“Theinfluenceofnutrientsonmentalhealth.（營養(yǎng)素對心理健康的影響。故選D。

D

Researchershopebrainimplantswillonedayhelppeoplewithaphasia（失語癥）togettheirvoiceback——and

maybeeventosing.Now,forthefirsttime,scientistshavedemonstratedthatthebrain'selectricalactivitycanbe

decodedandusedtoreconstructmusic.

Anewstudyanalyzeddatafrom29peoplemonitoredforepilepticseizures（癲癇發(fā)作），usingelectrodes（電

極）onthesurfaceoftheirbrain.Asparticipantslistenedtoaselectedsong,electrodescapturedbrainactivity

relatedtomusicalelements,suchastone,rhythm,andlyrics.Employingmachinelearning,RobertKnightfromUC

Berkeleyandhiscolleaguesreconstructedwhattheparticipantswerehearingandpublishedtheirstudyresults.The

paperisthefirsttosuggestthatscientistscan“l(fā)istensecretlyto“thebraintosynthesize（合成）music.

Toturnbrainactivitydataintomusicalsound,researcherstrainedanartificialintelligence（Al）modelto

decodedatacapturedfromthousandsofelectrodesthatwereattachedtotheparticipantsastheylistenedtothesong

whileundergoingsurgery.Oncethebraindatawerefedthroughthemodel,themusicreturned.Themodelalso

revealedsomebrainpartsrespondingtodifferentmusicalfeaturesofthesong.

Althoughthefindingsfocusedonmusic,theresearchersexpecttheirresultstobemostusefulfortranslating

brainwavesintohumanspeech.LudovicBellier,thestudy'sleadauthor,explainsthatspeech,regardlessof

language,hassmallmelodicdifferences-tempo,stress,accents,andintonation-knownasprosody（韻律）.These

elementscarrymeaningthatwecan'tcommunicatewithwordsalone.Hehopesthemodelwillimprove

brain-computerinterfaces（BCI）,assistivedevicesthatrecordspeech-associatedbrainwavesandusealgorithmsto

reconstructintendedmessages.Thistechnology,stillinitsinfancy,couldhelppeoplewhohavelosttheabilityto

speakbecauseofaphasia.

Futureresearchshouldinvestigatewhetherthesemodelscanbeexpandedfrommusicthatparticipantshave

heardtoimaginedinternalspeech.Ifabrain-computerinterfacecouldrecreatesomeone'sspeechwiththeprosody

andemotionalweightfoundinmusic,itcouldofferarichercommunicationexperiencebeyondmerewords.

Severalbarriersremainbeforewecanputthistechnologyinthehands-orbrains-ofpatients.Thecurrent

modelreliesonsurgicalimplants.Asrecordingtechniquesimprove,thehopeistogatherdatanon-invasively,

possiblyusingultrasensitiveelectrodes.However,undercurrenttechnologies,thisapproachmightresultinalower

speedofdecodingintonaturalspeech.Theresearchersalsohopetoimprovetheplaybackclaritybypackingthe

electrodesclosertogetheronthebrain'ssurface,enablinganevenmoredetailedlookattheelectricalsymphonythe

brainproduces.

hrain-computerinteijuccs

32.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?

A.Electrodescananalyzemu