意大利中小學(xué)教育市場(chǎng)前景及投資研究報(bào)告-外文版培訓(xùn)課件2024.7temu

POLITICS

&

SOCIETYPrimaryandsecondaryeducationinItalyCHAPTER

01OverviewEducationalattainmentinEuropein2023,bycountryEducationalattainmentinEurope2023ShareofpopulationLessthanprimary,primaryandlowersecondaryeducationUppersecondaryeducation50%

60%Tertiaryeducation70%

80%0%10%20%30%40%90%23.5%14.7%16.1%100%CzechiaBosniaandHerzegovinaRomania13.4%63.1%22.9%22.3%62.4%61.6%SlovakiaCroatiaSerbiaHungaryPolandBulgariaSlovenia12.8%15.2%19.8%18.3%12%18.7%16.4%61.5%60%56.8%56%25.8%24.8%23.3%25.7%54.8%33.2%26.7%29.8%34%33.6%54.6%53.8%50%47.9%LatviaAustria16%18.5%4Description:Around44percentofEuropeansheldanuppersecondaryschooltitlein2023.Figuresrangedfrom63percentofpeopleresidinginCzechiatoonly25percentofTurkishnationals.AboutaquarterofEUcitizenshadaprimaryschooltitleonly.Asfarastertiaryeducation,47percentoftheIrishpopulationheldabachelor'sorhigherdegree,comparedtoonly15percentofthoselivinginBosniaandHerzegovina.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2023;15-64yearsSource(s):EurostatProgramforInternationalStudentAssessment(PISA)resultsinselectedEuropeancountriesin2022,bycategoryPISAresultsinEuropein2022,bycategoryMathematicsReadingScience1,8001,6001,4001,2001,00080052651151050348350850049448949848948749448748249149447548348845949348447747248447247547847746847645645346244746444744044042842842848048760040020005Description:EstoniawastheEuropeancountrywhichhadthehighestcombinedscoreinthe2022PISAsurvey,whichindicatesthatthesmallnorth-easternEuropeancountryachievesthebestoutcomesfromitseducationsystem,whencomparedwithotherEuropeancountries.WhileEstoniaperformedbestinmathematicsandscience,Irelandperformedthebestin2022inreading.RomaniawastheEuropeancountrywhichperformedmostpoorlyacrossallthreeindicators.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2022;15yearsoldSource(s):OECDEducationspendingasashareofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)inEuropein2022ShareofGDPspentoneducationinEurope2022EducationspendingasashareofGDP3%

4%0%1%2%5%6%7%8%IcelandBelgium*Sweden7.1%6.3%6.3%Estonia5.8%SloveniaFinlandSwitzerlandDenmarkLatvia5.6%5.5%5.5%5.3%5.3%France*Cyprus5.2%5.1%HungaryNetherlands5.1%5.1%6Description:EducationspendingamongcountriesinEuroperangedfrom7.1percentofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)inIcelandto2.7percentofGDPinIreland.AsanoverallaverageamongmemberstatesoftheEuropeanUnion,theamountspentoneducationinEuropeoverallwas4.7percentofGDPin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;Asof2022;*Provisionalfigures.ReadmoreSource(s):EuropeanCommission;EurostatPublicexpenditureoneducationperpupilorstudentinItalycomparedtotheEUin2021,byeducationlevel(ineuros)EducationexpenditureperpupilinItalycomparedtotheEU2021,byeducationlevelItalyEuropeanUnion12,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,000011,133.98,444.68,167.67,995.77,417.37,354.27,240.76,443.35,784EarlychildhoodeducationPrimaryeducation*Lowersecondaryeducation

UppersecondaryeducationTertiaryeducation7Description:In2021,theItaliangovernmentinvestedalmost8,000eurosperprimaryschoolpupil,andaround7,400eurosperhighschoolanduniversitystudent.However,figureswereconsiderablybelowtheEuropeanaverage.Inparticular,comparedtootherEUcountries,Italyspent1,700euroslessperlowersecondaryschoolpupiland1,000euroslessperuppersecondaryschoolstudent.Thelargestgapwasrecordedwithtertiaryeducationspending.PublicinvestmentsperItalianuniversitystudent[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2021;*DataforprimaryeducationintheEUisnotavailable.ReadmoreSource(s):EurostatEducationstagesinItalyasoftheschoolyear2023/2024,bydurationItalianstagesofeducation2023-2024,byduration655543210333Nursery*(0-3yearsold)Kindergarten(3-6yearsold)

Primaryschool(6-11yearsold)

Lowersecondaryschool(11-14

Uppersecondaryschool**(14-yearsold)

19yearsold)8Description:TheItalianeducationsystemisdividedinto:nursery,kindergarten,elementaryschool,middleschool,andhighschool.CompulsoryeducationinItalybeginsattheageofsixinelementaryschoolandlastsuntil16yearsold,whenstudentsnormallyattendthesecondyearofhighschool.Childrenusuallystudyinelementaryschoolforfiveyears,beforeattendingmiddleschoolforthreeyearsandthenhighschool.Highschoolscanrelatetodifferentformsofeducation:licei,i.e.,generalupper[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2023to2024;*Nidod'infanzia(nursery)ismarkedasISCED0basedonthelaw107/2015,implementedfromschoolyear2017/18.**Vocationaltrainingcanalsolastfouryearsinsteadoffive.

ReadmoreSource(s):EuropeanCommission;IndireLengthofschoolsummerholidaysinselectedEuropeancountriesin2018/19,inweeksLengthofschoolsummerholidayinEuropeancountriesin2018/19Number

ofweeksAlbania1313TurkeyLatvia13RomaniaItaly1313Malta12.5012IrelandIceland12PortgugalNorthMacedoniaGreece121212Estonia11.5011Switzerland*9Description:ThelengthofschoolsummerholidaysacrossEuropevariessignificantlybycountry.InfiveEuropeancountries(Italy,Romania,LatviaTurkey,andAlbania)studentshaveuptothirteenweeksoffschool,whileintheUK,Germany,theNetherlandsandLiechtenstein,schoolsbreakupforonlysixweeks.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;September1,2018toAugust31,2019Source(s):EuropeanCommissionShareofforeignpupilsenrolledatItalianschoolsintheschoolyear2021/2022,byeducationlevelShareofforeignstudentsinschoolsinItaly2021/2022,byeducationlevel0.14%12.4%11.7%0.12%0.1%11.2%8%0.08%0.06%0.04%0.02%0%Pre-primaryschoolPrimaryschoolLowersecondaryschoolUppersecondaryschool10Description:Intheschoolyear2021/2022,morethantwelvepercentofchildrenenrolledatelementaryschoolsinItalyheldaforeigncitizenship.Inkindergartensandinmiddleschools,theyconstitutedaroundelevenpercentofthetotalpupils.Onlyforhighschools,thesharereducedtoeightpercent.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2021to2022Source(s):IstatShareofadolescentsvictimofbullyingandcyberbullyinginItalyin2022,byageandgenderBullyingandcyberbullyingamongItalianteenagers2022,byageandgenderMaleFemale0.45%0.4%0.35%0.3%19.8%21.1%17.2%0.25%0.2%0.15%0.1%0.05%0%17.3%18.4%12.9%11.4%9.2%9.2%18.9%14.6%9.9%Bullying-11yearsoldCyberbullying-11yearsoldBullying-13yearsoldCyberbullying-13yearsoldBullying-15yearsoldCyberbullying-15yearsold11Description:AccordingtotheHealthBehaviorinSchool-agedChildrenstudy,38percentofeleven-year-oldItalianpupilswerevictimsofbullyingandcyberbullyingin2022.Asageprogresses,thefrequencyofphysicaloronlineviolenceagainstteenagerscommittedbytheirpeersreduced.Only20percentof15-year-oldteenagersexperiencedbullyingepisodes.However,violencewasmorecommonforgirlsthanboys,cyberbullyinginparticular.Infact,21percentofeleven-year-oldgirlswere[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;FebruarytoJune2022;66,753respondents;11-15yearsSource(s):IstitutoSuperiorediSanitàCHAPTER

02EducationalattainmentEducationalattainmentinItalyfrom2014to2023EducationalattainmentinItaly2014-2023Lessthanprimary,primaryandlowersecondaryeducationUppersecondaryeducationTertiaryeducation1%0.9%0.8%0.7%0.6%0.5%0.4%0.3%0.2%0.1%0%15%15.5%15.7%16.5%17.2%17.5%17.8%17.8%18.1%19.2%44.1%42.7%42.7%42.7%42.6%42.6%42.8%42.7%42.9%43.1%42.3%2014*41.9%201541.6%201640.9%201740.2%2018*39.7%201939.5%202039.2%2021*38.8%202236.7%202313Description:TheshareofItaliansagedfrom15to64yearsholdinganuppersecondaryschooldiplomaconstantlygrewbetween2014and2023.Infact,44percentofItalianssuccessfullycompletedtheirhighschoolorvocationalschool.Onthecontrary,onethirdoftheItalianpopulationexclusivelyheldaprimaryoralowersecondaryeducationtitle,withfiguresrecordingadiminishingtrend.Thus,moreandmorecitizenshavechosentocontinuetheirstudies.Finally,around20percentofItalianshad[...]ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2014to2023;15-64years;*Breakinthetimeseries.ReadmoreSource(s):EuropeanCommission;EurostatProgramforInternationalStudentAssessment(PISA)resultsinItalyfrom2012to2022,bycategoryPISAresultsinItaly2012-2022,bycategoryMathematicsReadingScience6004944904904874854854824814775004003002001000476471468201220152018202214Description:TheOECD’sProgramforInternationalStudentAssessment(PISA)analyzestheskillsof15-year-olds'studentsinreading,mathematics,andscienceinover80countries.Thestudiesalsoconsidersocialandgenderequalitiesintheeducationsystemofthedifferentcountries.In2022,Italianstudentsscored471PISApointsinmathematics,justbelowtheOECDaverageof472.However,theresultwas16pointsbelowthe2018scoreand19belowthe2015inquiry.Similarly,theperformancein[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2012to2022Source(s):OECDResultsofsecondaryschool-leavingexaminationsinItalyfrom2015to2024,bygraderangeEsamidiMaturitàfinalresultsinItaly2015-2024,bymarkrange6061-7071-8081-9091-99100100withhonors1%0.9%0.8%0.7%0.6%0.5%0.4%0.3%0.2%0.1%0%201520162017201820192020202120222023202415Description:Afterthefifthandfinalyearofhighschool,studentsinItalymusttakeaschool-leavingexamination,inItalian?EsamediMaturità.Since2019,itconsistsoftwowrittentestsandanoralone,scoredonascaleofzeroto100,with60beingthepassmark.Until2018,therewerethreewrittenexams.Between2015and2024,about60percentofthestudentsconcludedtheirhighschoolstudieswithagradebetween61and80.Around20percentofthecandidatesearnedamarkfrom81to90[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2015to2024Source(s):Ministerodell'Istruzione,dell'UniversitàedellaRicercaCHAPTER

03PrimaryandlowersecondaryeducationNumberofchildrenenrolledatkindergartensinItalybetween2012and2022,byschoolyearEnrollmentatkindergartenschoolsinItaly2012-20221,686,0951,663,9551,637,1101,599,7771,535,4931,491,2901,450,7931,415,0061,338,0671,319,3322012/20132013/20142014/20152015/20162016/20172017/20182018/20192019/20202020/20212021/202217Description:Between2012and2022,thenumberofchildrenenrolledinkindergartensinItalyexperiencedadecrease.Intheschoolyear2012/2013,about1.7millionpupilswereenrolledinkindergartensacrossItaly.Duringthelatestrecordedschoolyear,thenumberofchildrenenrolleddroppedtojustover1.3million.ThereisanevidentcorrelationbetweenthedecliningenrollmentnumbersandItaly'sconsistentlydecreasingbirthrate.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2012to2022Source(s):IstatNumberofpupilsenrolledatelementaryschoolsinItalybetween2012and2022,byschoolyearEnrollmentatelementaryschoolsinItaly2012-20223,000,0002,825,4002,827,2712,820,6962,805,7612,792,4142,754,0572,713,3732,657,2842,588,3832,526,7322,500,0002,000,0001,500,0001,000,000500,00002012/20132013/20142014/20152015/20162016/20172017/20182018/20192019/20202020/20212021/202218Description:Between2012and2022,thenumberofchildrenattendingelementaryschoolsinItalydeclined.Intheschoolyear2021/2022,about2.53millionpupilswereenrolledinanelementaryschoolinItaly,whileintheschoolyear2012/2013,therewerearound2.8millionchildrenattendingprimaryschool.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2012to2022Source(s):IstatAveragenumberofpupilsperclassinprimaryschoolsinItalyintheschoolyearsbetween2012and2022MeannumberofchildrenperclassinItalianelementaryschools2012-20222519.319.319.219.2201510519.11918.918.718.11802012/20132013/20142014/20152015/20162016/20172017/20182018/20192019/20202020/20212021/202219Description:Between2012and2022,theaveragenumberofchildrenperclassinItalianelementaryschoolsconstantlydecreased.Intheschoolyear2021/2022,therewereonaverage18pupilsperclassinprimaryschools.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2012to2022Source(s):IstatNumberofchildrenenrolledinelementaryschoolsinItalyintheschoolyear2021-2022,byregionNumberofchildreninelementaryschools2021-2022,byregionNumberofchildren200,000

250,000050,000100,000150,000300,000350,000400,000450,000500,000LombardyCampaniaLazio439,014262,532247,198SicilyVenetoEmilia-RomagnaPiedmontApulia215,273207,845189,237173,613165,778147,211TuscanyCalabriaMarche79,65561,814SardiniaLiguria58,52955,37720Description:Intheschoolyear2021/2022,inLombardy,inthenorthofItaly,440,000childrenwereenrolledinelementaryschool.Moreover,Campania,inthesouth,wastheregionwiththesecond-highestnumberofchildrenenrolledinprimaryschoolwith262,500infants.Intotal,morethan2.5millionchildrenattendedelementaryschoolinItaly.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2021to2022Source(s):IstatNumberofpupilsenrolledatlowersecondaryschoolsinItalybetween2012and2022,byschoolyearEnrollmentatmiddleschoolsinItaly2012-20222,000,0001,779,7581,760,7661,738,7291,735,4041,729,2261,731,2721,800,0001,600,0001,400,0001,200,0001,000,000800,000600,000400,000200,00001,725,0371,726,9841,706,4821,687,1862012/20132013/20142014/20152015/20162016/20172017/20182018/20192019/20202020/20212021/202221Description:Between2012and2022,thenumberofpupilsenrolledinmiddleschoolinItalygraduallydiminished.Intheschoolyear2021/2022,about1.7millionteenagerswereenrolledinlowersecondaryschool,about93,000pupilslesscomparedtotheschoolyear2012/2013.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2012to2022Source(s):IstatAveragenumberofpupilsperclassinlowersecondaryschoolsinItalyintheschoolyearsbetween2012and2022MeannumberofpupilsperclassinItalianmiddleschools2012-20222521.621.421.221.12120.920.820.720.320.2201510502012/20132013/20142014/20152015/20162016/20172017/20182018/20192019/20202020/20212021/202222Description:TheaveragenumberofpupilsperclassinItalianmiddleschoolsreducedbetween2012and2022.Intheschoolyear2021/2022,therewereonaverage20.2pupilsperclassenrolledinmiddleschool.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2012to2022Source(s):IstatNumberofstudentsenrolledinmiddleschoolsinItalyintheschoolyear2021/2022,byregionEnrollmentinmiddleschoolsinItaly2021-2022byregionNumberofstudents150,000050,000100,000200,000250,000300,000350,000LombardyCampaniaLazio291,682177,402162,232SicilyVeneto143,323140,344Emilia-RomagnaPiedmontApulia125,668116,125112,35799,617TuscanyCalabriaMarcheSardiniaLiguria51,65641,51440,04937,77423Description:Intheschoolyear2021/2022,1.69millionstudentswereenrolledinItalianmiddleschools,ofwhich291,000inLombardy,inthenorthofItaly.Theregionwiththesecond-largestamountofmiddleschoolstudentswasCampania,inthesouth,with177,000individuals.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2021to2022Source(s):IstatCHAPTER

04UppersecondaryeducationNumberofstudentsenrolledatuppersecondaryschoolsinItalybetween2012and2022,byschoolyearEnrollmentathighschoolsinItaly2012-20223,000,0002,694,2552,668,2362,672,8842,666,2042,664,9702,667,7232,672,2572,658,4232,675,4292,652,4482,500,0002,000,0001,500,0001,000,000500,00002012/20132013/20142014/20152015/20162016/20172017/20182018/20192019/20202020/20212021/202225/statistics/955191/enrollment-in-upper-secondary-schools-in-italyBetween2012and2022,thenumberofhighschoolstudentsinItalyremainedstableataround2.7million.Onthecontrary,thenumberofpupilsenrolledatelementaryschoolsandlowersecondaryschoolsdecreasedduringthesametimeframe.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2012to2022Source(s):IstatAveragenumberofstudentsperclassinuppersecondaryschoolsinItalyintheschoolyearsbetween2012and2022MeannumberofstudentsperclassinItalianhighschools2012-20222521212120.520.420.320.2202019.6201510502012/20132013/20142014/20152015/20162016/20172017/20182018/20192019/20202020/20212021/202226Description:Between2012and2022,theaveragenumberofstudentsperclassinItalianhighschoolsslightlydeclined.Intheschoolyear2012/2013,therewereonaverage21studentsperclass,whileintheschoolyear2021/2022,theaveragenumberofstudentswasbelow20individualsperclass.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2012to2022Source(s):IstatNumberofstudentsenrolledinhighschoolsinItalyintheschoolyear2021-2022,byregionEnrollmentinuppersecondaryschoolsinItaly2021-2022,byregionNumberofstudents200,000050,000100,000150,000250,000300,000350,000400,000450,000LombardyCampaniaLazio402,664332,207260,927Sicily235,127VenetoEmilia-RomagnaApulia209,659190,410190,084PiedmontTuscanyCalabriaSardiniaMarche170,255165,03994,08671,11267,91358,873Liguria27Description:Intheschoolyear2021/2022,2.68millionstudentswereenrolledinhighschoolsinItaly.TheregionwiththehighestnumberofstudentsattendinghighschoolwasLombardy,inNorthItaly,followedbythesouthernregionofCampania.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2021to2022Source(s):IstatStudentsenrolledatuppersecondarygeneralschoolsinItalyintheschoolyear2022/2023,bytypeofschoolStudentsenrolledatgeneralhighschoolsinItaly2022-2023,bytypeofschoolNumberofstudents100,000

200,0000300,000400,000500,000600,000576,956700,000Liceoscientifico(scientificstudies)Liceodellescienzeumane(socialsciencesstudies)Liceolinguistico(foreignlanguagesstudies)223,675196,451Liceoclassico(classicstudies)146,856Liceoartistico(artstudies)123,243Liceomusicaleecoreutico(musicalanddancestudies)Liceoeuropeo/internazionale(European/internationalhighschool)18,8349,79828Description:Intheschoolyear2022/2023,around1.3millionstudentswereenrolledatliceo,uppersecondaryschoolsthatofferspecificpreparationforuniversity.Around45percentofundergraduateswereattendingliceoscientifico,highschoolswithstudiescenteredonnaturalsciences.Secondly,223,000studentsstudiedat?liceodellescienzeumane,withafocusonanthropology,psychology,andpedagogy,while196,000wereenrolledat?liceolinguistico,whichhasthreeforeignlanguagesascore[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2022to2023Source(s):Ministerodell'Istruzione,dell'UniversitàedellaRicercaStudentsenrolledatuppersecondarytechnicalschoolsinItalyintheschoolyear2022/2023,bytypeofschoolStudentsenrolledattechnicalhighschoolsinItaly2022-2023,bytypeofschoolNumberofstudents050,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

550,000Istitutotecnicotecnologico(technologicalandindustrialstudies)494,654Istitutotecnicoeconomico(economicstudies)298,09729Description:Intheschoolyear2022/2023,almost800,000Italianstudentswereenrolledat?istitutotecnico,uppersecondaryschoolsthatofferin-depthknowledgeoneconomicandtechnologicalsubjects.Afterobtainingtheirdiploma,studentscanchoosewhethertogotouniversityorstartworking.Morethanhalfofundergraduateswereattendingistitutotecnicotecnologico,withstudiescenteredon,amongothers,graphicdesign,electronicsandelectricalengineering,chemistry,agriculture,and[...]ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2022to2023Source(s):Ministerodell'Istruzione,dell'UniversitàedellaRicercaStudentsenrolledatuppersecondaryvocationalschoolsinItalyintheschoolyear2022/2023,bytypeofschoolStudentsenrolledatvocationalschoolsinItaly2022-2023,bytypeofschoolNumberofstudents050,000100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000380,621Newvocationalschool(hospitality,agriculture,orthodontics,publichealthservices)Services(tourism,pastry-making,foodandwine,commerce)Three-yearvocationalschool28,84912,335Industryandhandicraft(homefurniture,maintenance,textile,audio-visualproducts)8,48630Description:Intheschoolyear2022/2023,430,000Italianstudentswereenrolledatistitutoprofessionale,uppersecondaryvocationalschoolsthatofferpracticalknowledgeandqualifiedskillsonvarioussubjectsandprofessions.Typically,thesestudentsaccessthejobmarketdirectlyaftertheirdiploma.Almost90percentofundergraduateswereattendingvocationalschoolscenteredonfoodandhospitality,agriculture,orthodontics,andpublichealthservices.?Around12,300studentsattendeda[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2022to2023Source(s):Ministerodell'Istruzione,dell'UniversitàedellaRicercaDistributionofstudentsenrolledatuppersecondaryschoolsinItalyintheschoolyear2022/2023,bytypeofschoolandgenderStudentsenrolledathighschools2022-2023,bygenderShareofstudentsMale20%Female30%0%10%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%LiceodelleScienzeUmane(Socialsciencesgeneralschool)LiceoLinguistico(Foreignlanguagesgeneralschool)LiceoArtistico(Artisticgeneralschool)LiceoClassico(Classicgeneralschool)European/InternationalgeneralschoolLiceoMusicaleeCoreutico(MusicandDancegeneralschool)Economictechnicalinstitute17.7%82.3%21.46%78.54%27.08%72.92%29.55%31.7%70.45%68.3%46.04%47.29%53.96%52.71%Vocationalschool56.49%57.09%60.28%43.51%42.91%39.72%LiceoScientifico(Scientificgeneralschool)Three-yearvocationalschoolTechnologicaltechnicalinstitute81.02%18.98%31Description:Intheschoolyear2022/2023,girlsgenerallyconstitutedthemajorityofthetotalstudentsenrolledatgeneralschools.Inparticular,insocialsciencesgeneralschoolstheyrepresentedmorethan80percentoftheenrollments.Onthecontrary,boyswereavastmajorityinvocationalschoolsandintechnologicaltechnicalschools.LiceiMusicaliandeconomictechnicalinstituteswerethemostgender-balancedschools,withanequaldistributionbetweenfemaleandmalestudents.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2022to2023Source(s):Ministerodell'Istruzione,dell'UniversitàedellaRicercaShareofuppersecondaryschoolstudentslearningforeignlanguagesinItalyin2022,bylanguageHighschoolstudentsstudyingforeignlanguagesinItaly2022,bylanguage1%89.9%0.9%0.8%0.7%0.6%0.5%0.4%0.3%0.2%0.1%0%20%13.6%7.5%0.6%0.3%English*FrenchSpanishGermanChineseRussian32Description:In2022,almost90percentofhighschoolstudentsinItalylearnedEnglish.Infact,EnglishisthemoststudiedlanguageinItalianschoolsandtheonlymandatoryoneforallcurriculaatanylevelofeducation.Asfarassecondforeignlanguages,20percentofstudentsstudiedFrench,while14percentchoseSpanish.Additionally,GermanwasthefourthmostcommonforeignlanguageinItalianhighschools.AsmallshareofstudentsstudiedChineseandRussian.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;Asof2022;*Mandatory.ReadmoreSource(s):EurostatCHAPTER

05TeachersNumberofteachersworkinginpublicschoolsinItalyfromtheschoolyear2015/2016totheschoolyear2022/2023NumberofteachersinItaly,2015-20231,000,000943,681923,854907,929902,487886,175872,268900,000800,000700,000600,000500,000400,000300,000200,000100,0000855,734833,9222015/20162016/20172017/20182018/20192019/20202020/20212021/20222022/202334Description:Intheschoolyear2022/2023,around944,000teacherswereworkinginItalianpublicschools.Thenumberprogressivelyraisedsince2015,witharound110,000newteachershiredinsevenyears.However,thiscorrespondedtoanincreaseinjobinsecurity,astheshareofpersonnelwithtemporarycontractssteadilyraised,reachingonefourthofthetotalteachingstaffin2023.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2015to2023Source(s):UILConfederazione-UnioneItalianadelLavoroRatioofpupilsandstudentstoteachingstaffinItalyfrom2013to2022,byeducationlevelPupiltoteacherratioinItaly,2013-2022EarlychildhoodeducationPrimaryeducationLowersecondaryeducationUppersecondaryeducation161412108642020132014*2015201620172018201920202021202235Description:TherewerelessthanelevenpupilstoeachteacherinItalianprimaryschoolsin2022.Foruppersecondaryeducation,theratereducedtotenstudentstoeachteacher.Since2013,figuresrecordedadecreasingtrend,certifyingthat?fewerandfewerpupilsareenrollingatelementaryschooleveryyear.Thisphenomenonreflectsthedeepdemographiccrisisthatthecountryisfacing.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2013to2022;*Dataonearlychildhoodeducationisnotavailable.ReadmoreSource(s):EurostatAverageannualgrosssalaryofteachersinpublicschoolsinItalyin2022,byeducationlevel(ineuros)Teachers'salaryinItaly2022,byeducationlevel45,00041,00938,45940,00036,18636,18635,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,0000Pre-primaryeducationPrimaryeducationLowersecondarygeneraleducation

Uppersecondarygeneraleducation36Description:Themeanannualgrosssalaryforpre-primaryandprimaryteachersin2022was36,200euros,around3,000euroslessthantheEuropeanUnionaverage.Teachersinmiddleschoolearned38,500eurosyearly,whileinhighschoolsalarieswereabout41,000euros.BothfigureswerewellbelowtheEUaverage,44,500eurosforlowersecondaryschooland47,200eurosforuppersecondaryschool.Hence,ahighschoolteacherwithafull-timecontractearned6,200euroslessthanaEuropean[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;Asof2022Source(s):OECDShareoftemporaryteachingstaffinItalyfromtheschoolyear2015/2016totheschoolyear2022/2023ShareofteacherswithatemporarycontractinItaly,2015-20230.3%24.86%24.35%0.25%23.39%20.61%