2024年高考英語模擬卷1全解全析（新高考Ⅰ卷）

2024高考仿真模擬卷01

英語

（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）

注意事項：

1.答卷前，考生務必將自己的考生號、姓名、考點學校、考場號及座位號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需要改動，用橡皮

擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段

對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例:Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.Howisthemanpreparingtousethetools?

A.Bylearningatwork.B.Bywatchingonlinevideos.C.Byreadingtheinstructions.

【答案】B

【原文】W:Doyouknowhowtousethosepowertools?Idon'twantyoutogethurt.Pleasereadtheinstructions.

M:Ihavebeenwatchingvideosonthiswebsite.Don'tforget,Iusedtoworkwithaprofessional.Heshowedmeall

thesetools.

2.Whenwillthemancleanuphisroom?

A.Injusthalfanhour.B.Afterseeingthemovie.C.Beforegoingtothecinema.

【答案】B

【原文】W:Youalwaysthrowyourclotheseverywhere.Andyourshoesarealloverthefloor.

M:Sorry.ButcanIcleanupmyroomaftercomingbackfromthecinema?Themoviewillbegininhalfanhour.

W:OK.

3.WhydidMikegotoChina?

A.Tohaveabusinesstrip.

B.Tomeetwithhisboss.

C.Tolearnaboutteaculture.

【答案】A

【原文】W:John,isMikecomingforteatomorrow?

M:No.He'sinChinanow.Hisbosssenthimtheretotrainsomenewemployeeslastweek.

W:Oh,Itotallyforgotthat.

4.Whydothespeakerschoosethesubway?

A.Theweatheristoohot.B.Thetimeisverytight.C.Theircarisbeingrepaired.

【答案】A

【原文】W:Youknowwhat?AnexhibitionofPicasso'spaintingsisbeingheldintheArtGallery.Doyouwantto

gowithme?

M:HowcanImissit?Butitisburninghot.Wewillmeltifwecyclethere.

W:Sowehavenochoicebuttotakethesubway.Ifonlywehadacar!

5.WhichfilmdoesMikeprefer?

A.Thehorrorfilm.B.Thehistoricalfilm.C.Thesciencefictionfilm.

【答案】C

【原文】M:Hi,Lily.Whafsondowntown?

W,Hi.Mike.TheGrandTheaterhasahistoricalfilm.TheStarCinemahasasciencefictionfilm.Andthere?sa

horrorfilmintheSunshineTheater.

M:LefsgototheStarCinema,Theothertwofilmssoundboring.

第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。

聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每

段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whydoesthegirlwantababybrother?

A.Topleaseherdad.

B.Toenjoybeingabigsister.

C.Toraise"animalstogetherwithhim.

7.Whatdoesthegirlhopetodoatlast?

A.Keepadog.B.Getacutecat.C.Lookafterherbrother.

【答案】6.B7.A

【原文】W:Dad,willIhaveababybrother?

M:Sweetie,I'mnotsurenow.Youhavehadtwoelderbrothers.Whydoyouwantababybrother?

W:Ithinkbeingabigsisterwillbesomuchfun!

M:Yes,youcanshareyourfavoritetoyswithhim.Andyoucanhavefuntogether.

W:Prettygood!ButIthinkIshouldkeepapetandlearntosharefirst.

M:Maybewecangetananimal,likeadogoracat.

W:Yay!Thatsoundswonderful.Icansharemytoyswithacutedog!

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Howwillthewomandealwiththeproblemonthefrontpage?

A.Maketheletterslarger.

B.Deletethepooldesign.

C.Leavethepageblank.

9.Onwhichpagewillthewomanaddapicture?

A.Page2.B.Page4.C.Page5.

10.Whatcolorwastheprintofthepricesatfirst?

A.Black.B.Red.C.Blue.

【答案】8.A9.C10.A

【原文】M:Goodafternoon.I'mheretoreprintabrochureforourhotel.Somepagesneedrevising.

W:Whatexactlyistheproblem?

M:Well,someinformationisalreadyoutofdate.Therearealsoacoupleofproblemswiththedesign.Firstly,the

lettersonthefrontpagearefartoosmall.So,increasethelettersby3sizes.

W:OK,whatelse?

M:Theinformationregardingthepoolshouldbedeletedonpage2.

W:Butwecan'tjustleavethewholepageblank.

M:Justfillitinwiththeintroductionofournewly-openedgym.

W:Isee.

M:Whafsalsobotheringusisthedescriptionunderthetopphotoonpage4.Youcanreplacethewordwith

“reception”.

W:Isthatall?

M:No,thereismore.Turntopage5.You'dbetteruseapicturewiththeviewofthehotel.

W:OK.

M:Lefsturntothenextpage.Accordingtothecustomers,thepricesdonotstandout,sochangetheprintfrom

blacktoredorbluetomakeitpopout.

W:Igotit.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.Whatisthemainideaoftheconversation?

A.Thefactthatrobotswillreplacehumansentirely.

B.Thefactthatrobotswilltakejobsfromhumans.

C.Thefactthatrobotswillbeintroducedintopeople'shomes.

12.Howdoesthemanthinkaboutrobots?

A.Theydomorewithlesscost.

B.Theyarenotveryfriendly.

C.Theybreakdownregularly.

13.Whatpercentageofjobswillbeatriskduringthenextdecade?

A.3%.B.15%.C.33%.

【答案】11.B12.A13.C

【原文】M:Inthefuture,manyofourcurrentjobswillbedonebyrobots.

W:Thefutureiscloserthanyouthink.Severalofmyfriendswerefiredinacarfactory,becauserobotsarenow

replacingthem.

M:Robotsdoofferbetteroutput（產(chǎn)量）forlesscost.Theycanoperatealldayandnight.

W:Thisistrue,butmyfriendsarenolongerearninganymoney.

M:Hopefullytheywillbeabletofindotherjobs.

W:Itisgettinghardertofindajobthatwillnotbereplacedinafewyears'time.

M:Thisistrue.Ireadareportthatsaidinthisdecade,3%ofjobswereatriskfrommachines.

W:Ireadthesamereport.Thatnumberwouldjumpto33%duringthenextdecade.

M:Yes,buttheyalsopointedoutthatrobotsandartificialintelligencecouldboosttheglobaleconomyby$15

trillion.

W:Doyouthinktheywillreplacelawyerslikeus?

M:Notanytimesoon.

W:Wehavetoworklonghours,butatleastwehavejobsecurity.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.Whatdidthewomandotoaffordherlongholiday?

A.Shesharedthecostwithotherpeople.

B.Sheearnedenoughmoneybeforetraveling.

C.Sheavoidedspendingtoomuchonaccommodation.

15.Wheredidthewomanbeginhertrip?

A.InGreece.B.InFrance.C.InGermany.

16.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthefamilyrestaurant?

A.TheyhadEnglish-speakingcustomers.

B.NobodyinthefamilyspokeEnglish.

C.Oneofthechildrenemployedher.

17.Whywasthejobperfectforthewoman?

A.Itslocationwasneartheislands.

B.Thefamilyhadaboatshecoulduse.

C.Shedidn'tneedtoworkattheweekend.

【答案】14.C15.B16.A17.C

【原文】M:WehaveCarrieLewisontheshowtodaywhohasjustreturnedfromafourmonthholidayinEurope.

Wheredidyoufindthemoneytogoonsuchalongholiday?

W:Well,Icertainlydidn'tstayinexpensivehotels.Ioftenstayedwithfriendsinthosecities.Besides,mostplaces

havesomehotelsthatcanbecheap.Thenyoucanalwaysfindworkwhileyou'retraveling.

M:Sowheredidyougothisyear?

W:IstartedinFranceandthenspenttwoweeksinGermany.ButIwantedtogetGreecetoworkinarestaurant.I

hadwrittentoafewplacesbeforeIlefthomeandoneofthemhadofferedmework,soIgotthereassoonas

possible.

M:Anddidyougetthejob?

W:Idid.ItwasalovelyfamilyrestaurantinAthensandtheywerelookingforsomeonewhocouldspeakEnglish

tohelpwiththecustomers.They'vegotchildrenwhocanspeakit,buttheyweren'taroundoverthesummer,so

theyemployedme.

M:Sothatpaidforyourholidaythen.

W:Mostofit,yes.Itwasperfectformeastheyonlywantedmetoworkthereduringtheweek.ThatmeantIcould

visittheislandsattheweekend.IusedtocatchtheboatonFridayevening,havetwonightsonanisland

somewhereandthengetbackonSundaynightreadyforwork.

聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.Howmanykidswerethereintheresearch?

A.10.B.14.C.400.

19.Howlongdomostkidsspendonthescreeneverydayinthisstudy?

A.Lessthan3hours.B.About5hours.C.Morethan6hours.

20.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestintheend?

A.Studentsshouldreducetheirtimeonthescreen.

B.Parentsshouldn'tbuymobilephonesfortheirchildren.

C.Parentsshouldcommunicatewiththeirchildrenmorefrequently.

【答案】18.C19.B20.C

【原文】

W:Hi,itisScienceCharm.TmRosy.Manyparentsareworriedthattheirchildrenspendtoomuchtimeonthe

screen,suchaswatchingTVandplayingwiththemobilephone,whichwilldoharmtotheirmentalhealth.Buta

newstudyshowstheopposite.Aprofessorofpsychologicalsciencetellsusthatifparentsturnoffthemediawhich

childrenusetoconnectwithfriendsandsearchforinformation,itwillleadtoaworseconsequence.Theprofessor

andhiscolleaguedidresearchon400studentsaged10to14abouttheirscreenbehaviors.Theyfoundthatmost

kidsspendabout5hoursonthescreeneveryday.Butthereisnoconnectionbetweentheamountoftimeonthe

screenandmentalhealth.Instead,childrenwhosendmoretextmessageshavebettermentalhealth.Thisisasmall

association,butitreflectsifwestayconnectedonline,wealsohavegoodconnectionsoffline.Actually,kidshave

depressionduetosomethingotherthanthetimetheyspendonline.Wearesobusywithourstudyandworkthatwe

havenotimetoexchangeideas.Wehopeparentswillspendlesstimeworryingaboutmobilephonesandmoretime

talkingtoyourchildren.Itisthebestwaytohavementalhealth.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

InternationalApplication

TheUniversityofCambridgewelcomesapplicationsfromsuitablyqualifiedinternationalstudents.We

recognizethegreatacademicandculturalvalueofadiversestudentbody.AdmittingstudentsfromoutsidetheUK

allowsustoseektalentfromthewidestpossiblepool.

Attractingsomanytalentedinternationalapplicantsmeanscompetitionforplacesisfierce.However,academic

achievementandpotentialremaintheselectioncriteriaforseniorhighschoolcandidates.Theapplicationprocess

Theapplicationprocessisthesameforallapplicants.Whilstmuchoftheinformationpresentedonthis

websiteisfocusedonGCE,andALevels,manyotherschoolandnationalexaminationsatanequallevelarealso

acceptable.

AllapplicationstoUKuniversitiesaremadethroughtheUniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService

（UCAS）,whichoperatesonapre-qualificationbasiswhereoffersaremadeinadvanceofapplicantsachievingtheir

finalgrades.Offerholdersarefinallyconfirmedorrejectedoncetheresultsfortherelevantqualificationsare

received.

UCASwillrequireapplicants9predictedgrades.Apredictedgradeisthegradeofqualificationanapplicanfs

schoolbelievestheyarelikelytoachieve,allthingsbeingwell.Thesepredictedgradesareusedduringthe

admissionsprocesstohelptheUniversityunderstandeachapplicanfspotential.

Forastep-by-stepguide,pleaserefertoourmainApplyingpages.

Applicationfee

Mostinternationalapplicantsarerequiredtopayanapplicationfeeof￡60.Thisisastandardchargethat

supportstheadministrationoftheapplicationprocessandmaintenanceofthesystemsusedinthisprocess.See

Termsandconditionsoftheapplicationfee.

21.WhydoestheCambridgeuniversitywelcomeoverseasstudents?

A.Theyareforeigners.

B.Theyaremorequalifiedthanlocalstudents.

C.Theywillprovidediversityforthecampus.

D.TheywillberecognizedbytheUKgovernment.

22.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheapplicationprocess?

A.Gaokaoresultscanplayapart.

B.Internationalexperienceisamust.

C.Anofferistheguaranteeofadmission.

D.Applicant'sschoolcanpredicttheresult.

23.Whowouldbethemostlikelytargetreaderofthetext?

A.ABritishtwelfthgrader.

B.AHongKongeleventhgrader.

C.AstudentinPekingUniversity.

D.AjuniorhighschoolstudentfromBeijing.

【答案】21.C22.D23.B

【導語】本文為一篇應用文。文章介紹了申請英國劍橋大學的相關信息。

21.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InternationalApplication中的“Werecognizethegreatacademicandculturalvalueofa

diversestudentbody.AdmittingstudentsfromoutsidetheUKallowsustoseektalentfromthewidestpossiblepool.

(我們認識到多元化學生群體的巨大學術和文化價值。招收來自英國以外的學生使我們能夠從盡可能廣泛的

人才庫中尋找人才。戶可知，劍橋大學歡迎海外學生是因為他們能夠豐富校園的多樣性。故選C。

22.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Theapplicationprocess中的"AllapplicationstoUKuniversitiesaremadethroughthe

UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService(UCAS),whichoperatesonapre-qualificationbasiswhereoffers

aremadeinadvanceofapplicantsachievingtheirfinalgrades.(所有英國大學的申請都是通過大學和學院招生

服務(UCAS)進行的，該服務以資格預審為基礎，在申請人達到最終成績之前發(fā)出錄取通知。戶以及“UCAS

willrequireapplicants5predictedgrades.Apredictedgradeisthegradeofqualificationanapplicanfsschool

believestheyarelikelytoachieve,allthingsbeingwell.Thesepredictedgradesareusedduringtheadmissions

processtohelptheUniversityunderstandeachapplicant'spotential.(UCAS將要求申請人提供預期成績。預期成

績是申請人所在學校認為他們在一切順利的情況下可能達到的資格等級。這些預測分數(shù)在錄取過程中被用

來幫助大學了解每個申請人的潛力。廠可知，申請人申請的學?？梢愿鶕?jù)申請人個人提供預期成績預測是否

錄取的結(jié)果。故選D。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章InternationalApplication中的“TheUniversityofCambridgewelcomesapplications

fromsuitablyqualifiedinternationalstudents.Werecognizethegreatacademicandculturalvalueofadiverse

studentbody.AdmittingstudentsfromoutsidetheUKallowsustoseektalentfromthewidestpossiblepool.（僉“橋

大學歡迎符合條件的國際學生申請。我們認識到多元化學生群體的巨大學術和文化價值。招收來自英國以

外的學生使我們能夠從盡可能廣泛的人才庫中尋找人才。）”以及第二段中“However,academicachievement

andpotentialremaintheselectioncriteriaforseniorhighschoolcandidates."（然而，學業(yè)成績和潛力仍然是高中

生的選拔標準）可知，本文介紹的是來自英國以外的學生的大學申請，選項B中香港的十一年級的學生，

相當于高二的學生，可能是本文的目標讀者。故選B。

B

Abrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.Butthatisexactlythekindofyard

competitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizeforthe“World'sUgliestLawn”.

Peoplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated（脫水的）grasstosocialmediaina

bidtowintheuncertainhonor.

Theintention,accordingtothosebehindtheproject,wastoraiseawarenessof“savingwateronaglobalscale

bychangingthenormforgreenlawns”.Lawns,whichcanrequirelargeamountsofwatertomaintain,arecoming

underincreasingexaminationasclimatechangemakesperiodsofdroughtmorefrequentandintense.

TheglobalinitiativewaslaunchedontheofficialwebsiteforGotlandinSweden.atHugeamountsofwaterare

usedtowaterlawnsforaesthetics（美學）.Astheworldgetswarmer,lackofwaterinurbanareasisprojectedto

affectupto2.4billionpeopleby2050.Bynotwateringlawnsforaestheticreasons,wecanprotecttheavailability

ofgroundwater,thecompetitionorganizerssaid.

TheunlikelytitlehasbeenawardedtoKathleenMurraywholivesinSandfordinTasmania,Australia.

Accordingtotheorganizers,Murray'slawn“boastsdeepanddrydivotscreatedbythreewildbandicoots（袋貍）and

notonedust-covereddecimeteriswastedonwatering”.Murraysaidinthepressreleaseabouthertriumph,“Iam

terriblyproud!IknewIwouldhavemy5minutesoffame,evenifitwasforhavingtheugliestlawnontheplanet!

Iamnowfreeofevertakingcareofmylawnagain.^^

ApressreleasebytheGotland,officeadded,46Fortheplanetanditsdecliningstockpilesoflife-givingliquid,

thankyou,Kathleen,aswellasthosenaughtybandicootsdamagingyourlawnforthegreatergood.,,Organizers

added,"'GotlandaimstoshowtoSwedenandtheworldthatsustainablebehaviordoesn'thavetobedull.^^

24.WhatcanwesayabouttheyardcompetitionorganizedinSweden?

A.Peoplehadevendoubteditsauthenticity.

B.Peopleworldwidewereunwillingtojoin.

C.Itsparticipantsmustbeprofessionalgardeners.

D.Itsentriesmustagreewiththeexistingaesthetics.

25.Whatisthepurposeofthisyardcompetition?

A.Tocallonpeopletoprotectlawns.B.Toencouragepeopletobecreative.

C.Tochallengethenormofaesthetics.D.Toremindpeopleofwatershortage.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“triumph“inparagraph4mean?

A.Ambition.B.Success.C.Sorrow.D.Barrier.

27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.People'sWhelmingReactionToAYardContestInSweden

B.LawnsAndRareBandicootsCallingForUrgentProtection

C.ALawnNamedTheUgliestGloballyAllForAGoodCause

D.TheWorld'sUgliestLawnUnacceptedByTheWholeWorld

【答案】24.A25.D26.B27.C

【導語】這是一篇新聞稿。文章主要介紹瑞典庭院比賽組織者推出“世界上最丑草坪”獎。

24.推理判斷題。由文章第一段"Abrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.But

thatisexactlythekindofyardcompetitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizefor

the'World'sUgliestLawn'.Peoplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated（脫水

的）grasstosocialmediainabidtowintheuncertainhonor.（棕色干燥的草坪不是很多園丁會夸耀的。但這正是

瑞典庭院比賽組織者在推出‘世界上最丑草坪'獎時所希望的。來自世界各地的人們被邀請在社交媒體上發(fā)布

他們脫水草的照片，以贏得這一不確定的榮譽。戶可推測，該獎項非常規(guī)獎項，所以人們甚至懷疑它的真實

性。故選A項。

25.推理判斷題。由文章第二段"Theintention,accordingtothosebehindtheproject,wastoraiseawarenessof

"savingwateronaglobalscalebychangingthenormforgreenlawns9.Lawns,whichcanrequirelargeamountsof

watertomaintain,arecomingunderincreasingexaminationasclimatechangemakesperiodsofdroughtmore

frequentandintense.（據(jù)該項目背后的人說，其目的是提高人們對，通過改變綠色草坪的規(guī)范在全球范圍內(nèi)節(jié)

約用水’的認識。由于氣候變化使干旱期更加頻繁和強烈，草坪可能需要大量的水來維持，因此草坪正受到

越來越多的審查。）”可知，這場庭院比賽的目的是提醒人們注意缺水問題。故選D項。

26.詞句猜測題。由文章第四段"TheunlikelytitlehasbeenawardedtoKathleenMurraywholivesinSandfordin

Tasmania,Australia.（這個不太可能的頭銜被授予了居住在澳大利亞塔斯馬尼亞州桑福德的Kathleen

Murrayo）”可知，KathleenMurray獲得“世界上最丑草坪”獎，所以劃線單詞的句子應表示Murray在新聞稿

中談到了她的獲獎的成功，所以猜測triumph表“成功”。故選B項。

27.主旨大意題。由文章第一段"Abrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.But

thatisexactlythekindofyardcompetitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizefor

the'World'sUgliestLawn5.Peoplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated（脫水

的）grasstosocialmediainabidtowintheuncertainhonor.（棕色干燥的草坪不是很多園丁會夸耀的。但這正是

瑞典庭院比賽組織者在推出“世界上最丑草坪”獎時所希望的。來自世界各地的人們被邀請在社交媒體上發(fā)布

他們脫水草的照片，以贏得這一不確定的榮譽。）”以及后文可知，文章主要介紹瑞典庭院比賽組織者為了提

醒人們注意缺水問題,推出“世界上最丑草坪”獎。所以C項ALawnNamedTheUgliestGloballyAllForAGood

Cause（一塊草坪被評為全球最丑陋草坪，只為做一件好事）符合語境。故選C項。

C

Howisitthataflyalwaysseemstobebuzzingaroundyourfoodmomentsafteryousitdownforanoutdoor

meal?

Theanswerispractice.Or,morespecifically:evolution（進化）.Fliesandotherinsectshavebeenona

multimillion-yearjourneyofevolution,improvingtheirabilitytodetectfood.Beingabletozeroinonnutritious

mealsisamatteroflifeanddeath.

ThefamilyoffliesthatIstudy-theblowflies-arethebuzzingonesthatareusuallyabeautifulmetallic

blue,withbronzeandgreencolors.They'veperfectedtheirabilitytoquicklysensethesmellsthatnaturallycome

offpicnicsandgarbagecans.Thereisalotofcompetitionforaresourcelikeanoverflowinggarbagecanbecause

ofhownutritiousgarbage,withthemeatrottinginit,is.Buttheblowfliescansensethesesmellslongbeforetheir

competitorsorpeoplecan,andtendtoshowuptothescenefirst.

Sensingsystemsdifferdependingontheinsectandspecies.Theblowflies9mainsensingorganistheir

antennae,twothinprojections（凸起）fromtheheadthatarecoveredintinyhairs.Thesefinehairsaremadeupof

specialcellsthatcontainreceptors（受體）forspecificsmells.Thinkaboutabatchofchocolatechipcookiesfresh

fromtheoven.Youcandetecttheirdelicioussmellsbecausewehumanshavereceptorsonthesurfacesofthecells

thatlinetheinsideofournoses.Thesereceptorssendsignalstothebrain:yummyfoodahead.They9redetecting

thesweetsmellofsugar-basedmolecules,anenergy-richfoodsourceforus.

Whafsa"good"ora"bad"smellcandifferdependingontheanimaldoingthesmelling.Theattractiverotting

meatstench（惡臭）thataflyfindsdelightfulisperceivedquitedifferentlybyapersonpassingbyanunpleasant

garbagecanonahotday.Butanyflythatcandetecttheusefulsmellsignal,whichmeans"'nutritiousflyfoodhere”,

willhaveanadvantage.Overtime,theinsectsthathavethereceptorsforthosesmellswillhavebettersurvivalrates

andproducemoregenerations.

28.Whydoestheauthorfocusonblowfliesinhisstudy?

A.Theyhaveattractivedeepgreencolors.

B.Theyhavegonethroughmuchevolution.

C.Theyhaveunusualabilitytosensesmells.

D.Theyareeasiertocontrolthanotherspecies.

29.Inwhichfielddoblowflieshaveanadvantageovertheircompetitors?

A.Detectingfoodresources.B.Designingflyingroutes.

C.Producingnutritionoutofgarbage.D.Escapingfromenemies.

30.Howdoestheauthordevelopthefourthparagraph?

A.Byexplainingaprinciple.B.Bymakingacomparison.

C.Byfollowingtimeorder.D.Bydescribingaprocess.

31.Whafsthemessageimpliedinthelastparagraph?

A.It'srathereasytowipeouttheblowflies.

B.Nutritiousfoodsusuallyhaveattractivesmells.

C.Thereceptorsplayakeyroleinflies'survival.

D.Fliesfindasmellsignalmuchfasterthanhumans.

【答案】28.C29.A30.B31.C

【導語】本文為一篇說明文，文章以綠頭蒼蠅為例，解釋了蒼蠅是如何通過感受器快速探測食物的，它們

的氣味感受器在蒼蠅的生存中起到了重要的作用。

28.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ThefamilyoffliesthatIstudy——theblowflies——arethebuzzingonesthatare

usuallyabeautifulmetallicblue,withbronzeandgreencolors.They'veperfectedtheirabilitytoquicklysensethe

smellsthatnaturallycomeoffpicnicsandgarbagecans.（我研究的蒼蠅家族綠頭蒼蠅是一種嗡嗡作響

的蒼蠅，通常是一種美麗的金屬藍色，帶有青銅色和綠色。他們已經(jīng)完善了快速感知野餐和垃圾桶自然產(chǎn)

生的氣味的能力）”可知，作者關注綠頭蒼蠅是由于它們有不同尋常的嗅覺能力。故選C。

29.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thereisalotofcompetitionforaresourcelikeanoverflowinggarbagecan

becauseofhownutritiousgarbage,withthemeatrottinginit,is.Buttheblowfliescansensethesesmellslong

beforetheircompetitorsorpeoplecan,andtendtoshowuptothesceneErst.（像一個滿溢的垃圾桶這樣的資源會

有很多競爭，因為垃圾的營養(yǎng)價值很高，里面有腐爛的肉。但綠頭蒼蠅能比它們的競爭對手或人類更早地

嗅到這些氣味，而且往往會先出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)場）”可知，綠頭蒼蠅比起競爭對手能更快地探測食物資源。故選A。

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Sensingsystemsdifferdependingontheinsectandspecies.Theblowflies'

mainsensingorganistheirantennae,twothinprojectionsfromtheheadthatarecoveredintinyhairs.Thesefine

hairsaremadeupofspecialcellsthatcontainreceptorsforspecificsmells.Thinkaboutabatchofchocolatechip

cookiesfreshfromtheoven.Youcandetecttheirdelicioussmellsbecausewehumanshavereceptorsonthe

surfacesofthecellsthatlinetheinsideofournoses.Thesereceptorssendsignalstothebrain:yummyfoodahead.

They'redetectingthesweetsmellofsugar-basedmolecules,anenergy-richfoodsourceforus.（感應系統(tǒng)因昆蟲和

物種的不同而不同。綠頭蒼蠅的主要感知器官是它們的觸角，這是它們頭部的兩個薄薄的突起，上面覆蓋

著細小的毛發(fā)。這些細毛是由特殊的細胞組成的，這些細胞含有對特定氣味的感受器。想想剛從烤箱里出

來的一批巧克力餅干。你可以聞到它們的香味，因為我們?nèi)祟惐亲觾?nèi)部的細胞表面有感受器。這些感受器

向大腦發(fā)送信號：前方有美味的食物。它們能探測到糖基分子的甜味，這是一種能量豐富的食物來源）”可知，

文章第四段作者是通過將蒼蠅的感受器和人的感受器進行對比來描述的。故選Bo

31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Butanyflythatcandetecttheusefulsmellsignal,whichmeans"'nutritious

flyfoodhere”,willhaveanadvantage.Overtime,theinsectsthathavethereceptorsforthosesmellswillhave

bettersurvivalratesandproducemoregenerations.（但是任何能夠探測到有用的氣味信號，意味著“這里有營養(yǎng)

的蒼蠅食物”的蒼蠅，將具有優(yōu)勢。隨著時間的推移，擁有這些氣味感受器的昆蟲將有更好的存活率，并產(chǎn)

生更多的后代）”可推知，氣味感受器在蒼蠅的生存中起到了重要的作用。故選C。

D

Americanslovetheirautomobiles.Solong,itseems,astheydon'trunonbatteries.AsurveypublishedinJuly

bythePewResearchCentrefoundthatlessthantwo-fifthsofthemwouldconsiderbuyinganelectricvehicle（EV）.

DespiteexpandingchargingnetworksandmoreEVmodelstochoosefrom,thatisaslightlylowersharethanthe

yearbefore.

ThebiggestblocktoEVenthusiasminAmericaisprice.TheaverageEVtheresellsfor$52,000,estimates

CoxAutomotive,aconsultancy.Thatisnotaworldawayfromthe$48,000thatAmericanstypicallypayfora

petrolvehicle.Buttotalcostsofownership,whichcombinethesalespriceandrunningcostsforfiveyears,vary

morewidely.At$65,000,thetypicalEVis$9,000moreexpensivetoownthanapetrolcar（owingtofactorslike

priceyhomechargers,dearerinsuranceand,comparedwithEuropeandChina,inexpensivepetrol）.

AllthisleavesAmerica'scarindustrycirclingaroundabout.Consumers9unwillingnesstopayforexpensive

EVsisforcingcarmakerstotakeactiontoshiftstock（庫存）.Teslahascutitspricesseveraltimesinthepastyear.

Carmakersareofferingaveragediscountsofalmost10%ontheirEVs,morethantwiceasgenerousasforpetrol

cars.Butthisismakingitevenharderforthecompaniestomakemoneyfrombatterypower.Continuedlossesin

turnmaymakecarfirmsloseappetitetoinvestinabroaderelectricofferingthatwouldappealtobuyers.

Americancarmakersarestillhopingtheycanescapethisvicious（惡性的）circle.Theyaremostlypostponing

theirAmericanEVinvestmentsratherthanpullingtheplugonthem.AndfromJanu