中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)：時(shí)態(tài)（學(xué)生版）

語(yǔ)法專題十、時(shí)態(tài)（必考）

EQ考點(diǎn)精講

柞依姆時(shí)球就是時(shí)間，“態(tài)"就是狀態(tài)或形態(tài).注意時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法概念.

【拓展】漢語(yǔ)只有時(shí)沒有態(tài).例如：我正在學(xué)習(xí)；我昨天學(xué)習(xí)；我明天要學(xué)習(xí).這三句話里的動(dòng)作發(fā)生

在不同時(shí)間即"正在"、"昨天"、"明天”.而三句話里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是“學(xué)習(xí)”，這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的形態(tài)一致，沒

有發(fā)生改變,故漢語(yǔ)里的動(dòng)詞沒有態(tài)的概念.

時(shí)態(tài)：說(shuō)明一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生時(shí)間,每種時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)時(shí)間段,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要有相應(yīng)的變化形式.

初中階段會(huì)遇到八大時(shí)態(tài),要求我們必須掌握的有六種時(shí)態(tài)（過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)很少考）：現(xiàn)就

各種時(shí)態(tài)的概念（定義或用法）、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)標(biāo)志詞、基本結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則等方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)講解.

八大酎鑫的概念和基本鰭詢

一、一般現(xiàn)在普

L概念：①表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).Ilikeplayingbasketball.

②表示客觀真理、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.

③在復(fù)合從句中,若主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，時(shí)間和條件狀從常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái).

例：Ifitdoesn'train,wewillgotothezootomorrow.

2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,everyday（week,month,

year…），onceaweek,onSundays,atweekends等等.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①主語(yǔ)+am/is/are

②主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞三單形式（do/does）

4.動(dòng)詞三單形式變化規(guī)則:

一般在動(dòng)詞后+stalk-talks,write-writes,run-runs

以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾+esWash-washes,watch-watches,teach-

teaches

以輔音字母+0結(jié)尾+esgo-goes,do-does

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i再加es,但study-studies,try-tries,carry-

是以〃元音字母組合+y”結(jié)尾的詞直接加scarries,stays,says,plays

二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)

1.概念①表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).Isawhimyesterday.

②表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Didheoftenwalktoschoollastterm?

2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：threedaysago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastnight(week,month,

year…)，in1989,justnow,attheageof15,onceuponatime,usedtodosth(過(guò)去常常做某

事)….

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①主+was/were

②主+行為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)（did）

4.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式Qed）變化規(guī)則：

一般在動(dòng)詞后+edanswer-answered,help-helped,played

以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾+dmove-moved,use-used,notice-noticed

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i再加edcarry-carried,reply-replied,study-

studies

重讀閉音節(jié)以元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字stop-stopped,plan-planned,drop-

母結(jié)尾,雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加eddropped

不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（外研版九上課本P159-P162）

三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)

1.概念①表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，及計(jì)劃、打算做某事.

例Iamgoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.Iwillcometoseeyoutomorrow.

②現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（be+v-ing）表將來(lái)，常用于表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如，come,go,leave,start,arrive,

fly等.例IamleavingforBeijingtomorrow.

2?時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：inthreedays,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextday（week,month,

year***）,soon,inthefuture,in2020等等.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主+am/is/are+goingto+do

主+will+do

四、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

1.概念：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).

2.結(jié)構(gòu)：

①主語(yǔ)+was/weregoingto+動(dòng)原

②主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)原

（對(duì)比一般將來(lái)時(shí)begoingtodo;willdo,過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)就是把be動(dòng)詞和will變成過(guò)去式）

例Ididn'tknowifhewasgoingtocome.我不知道是否他會(huì)來(lái).

Hesaidhewouldstaywithus.他說(shuō)他會(huì)和我們待在一起.

五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

L概念①表示此時(shí)此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.Thegirlislisteningtomusicnow.

②句中出現(xiàn)Look!Listen!后面句子用進(jìn)行時(shí).

③表示位置移動(dòng)的詞，用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)，如，come,go,leave,start,arrive,fly等.

Don'tworry.Heiscomingsoon.Look!PeteriswatchingTV.

2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：now,atthemoment,thesedays等

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主+am/is/are+doing

4.動(dòng)詞-ing變化規(guī)則（現(xiàn)在分詞）

一般直接在詞尾加ingplay-playing,sing-singing

以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾,去e再加ingtake-taking,make-making,have-having

以''輔元輔"結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，stop-stopping,shop-shopping,drop-

雙寫末尾的這個(gè)輔音字母，再加dropping,swim-swimming,run-running,

ingbegin-beginning

特殊變化lie-lying,die-dying,tie-tying

?？嫉碾p寫加ing的動(dòng)詞：shop,stop,drop,run,get,sit,dig,put,begin,swim,chat,

prefer等

六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作.

例Iwaswritingalettertomyfriendatnineyesterday.

MymomwascookingwhenIarrivedhome.

2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,atsevenyesterday,justthen,those

days,when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主+was/were+doing

七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.概念：①表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響：從過(guò)去開始，現(xiàn)在已完成或未完成;用次數(shù)表示經(jīng)歷或者表示

到目前為止量的積累.

例Tomhasjustfinishedhishomework.

IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.

IhavebeentotheGreatwallthreetimes.

Wehavelearned1,000wordssofar.

②表示從過(guò)去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與since,for連用，動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.對(duì)since/for

短語(yǔ)提問(wèn)用howlong（多久）.

例Ihavelivedheresince2012.Ihavebeenherefor5years.

區(qū)別：since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)；for+時(shí)間段.

since+過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（自從...）

Ihavelivedheresince2012.

since+時(shí)間段+ago

Ihavelivedheresince10yearsago.

since+過(guò)去時(shí)從句

IhavelivedheresinceImovedherein2012.

注意：短暫性動(dòng)詞（瞬間動(dòng)詞；非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞）可以用于完成時(shí),但是不能與延續(xù)性的for、since連用.補(bǔ)

充：區(qū)分動(dòng)詞延續(xù)不延續(xù)，可以在前面加〃一直”，說(shuō)得通就是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)不通就是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.

【拓展】常見的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)非延續(xù)性性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的規(guī)律如下：

（1）、用意義相同或相近的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替代.如：

borrow—keep,buy—have,become—be,getup^beup,fallill—beil

1,

fallasleep—beasleep,get/catchacold^haveacold

⑵、用〃be+形容詞”替代.如:

die^bedead,open—beopen,end/finishfbeover,

⑶、用〃be+介詞或副詞”替代.如:

leave—beaway,begin/startsbeon,join—bein/beamemberof,come^be

in/here,go—beaway/out/there,reach/arrive/getto-^stay/bein,comeba

ck—beback,等等.

2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞already（已經(jīng),肯）,just（剛剛,肯）,yet（〃還沒”，用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句），ever（曾經(jīng)）,

never（從不），before（以前），recently（最近），lately（近來(lái)），sofar（到目前為止），inthe

past/lastfewyears（在過(guò)去幾年里）等.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主+have/has+done

4.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)則：規(guī)則的同動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式,不規(guī)則的單獨(dú)記（九上課本P159-P162）

5.短語(yǔ)辨析

have/hasbeenin在某地多久了（現(xiàn)在還在）

HehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears.他來(lái)上海十年了.

have/hasbeento曾去過(guò)某地（幾次）（已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）

HehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.他曾去過(guò)上海三次.（現(xiàn)在說(shuō)話的時(shí)候不在上海）

have/hasgoneto已經(jīng)去了某地（還沒回來(lái)）

HehasgonetoShanghaiandhasn,tcomebackyet,他已經(jīng)去上海了，現(xiàn)在還沒回來(lái).

八、過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1.基本概念

⑴表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，即"過(guò)去的過(guò)去”.與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系.基本結(jié)構(gòu)是

"had+done”.就是把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的have/has變成had,再加動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞（用done來(lái)表示）.

Bynineo'clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.

到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘,我們已經(jīng)收到200張飛船發(fā)來(lái)的圖片.

⑵表示由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀

語(yǔ)連用.和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)延續(xù)性表達(dá)一樣,此種表達(dá)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.

Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他說(shuō)自從1949年以來(lái)他就在那家工廠工作.

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+had+done（過(guò)去分詞）

①肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞+其他.

②否定句：主語(yǔ)+had+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他.

③一般疑問(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他？

肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+had

否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+hadn't

④特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞或詞組+一般疑問(wèn)句？

⑤被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+had（hadn't）+been+過(guò)去分詞+其他

中考中主要考查六大時(shí)態(tài)（除了過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)），判斷時(shí)態(tài),最重要的是結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)以及語(yǔ)境

準(zhǔn)確判斷所應(yīng)使用的時(shí)態(tài),然后確定相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu).

■,■

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主+be動(dòng)詞（amisare）

主（非三單）+do（原形）

主（三單）+does（三單形式）

一般過(guò)去時(shí)主+was/were

主+行為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)（did）

一般將來(lái)時(shí)主+am/is/are+goingto+do

主+win+do

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主語(yǔ)+was/weregoingto+動(dòng)原

主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)原

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主+am/is/are+doing

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主+was/were+doing

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主+have/has+done

過(guò)去完成時(shí)主語(yǔ)+had+done

;,考點(diǎn)精練

中考語(yǔ)法一時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

姓名成績(jī)

（共計(jì)50小題,每小題2分，總分100分）

1.EachofusWeChat（微信）nowadays,eventheoldpeople.

A.playsB.playC.playingD.played

2.-Wow!Themusicsoundswonderful!

-Yes.Jessietheviolininthenextroom.

A.playsB.playedC.isplayingD.wasplaying

3.一WhereisMr.Smith?

一Heisn1there.HeShanghai.

A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeento

4.IttwomonthssinceImyhometown.

A.was;leaveB.was;leftC.hasbeen;leaveD.hasbeen;left

5.—China'shigh-speedrailwaytechnologytheworldnow.

一That，strue.Ithasdevelopedrapidlyoverthepastyears.

A.ledB.wasleadingC.isleadingD.willlead

6.1Whydidn'tyouanswermycalllastnight?

一rmsorry,whenyoucalled,Idinner.

A.amhavingB.havehadC.washavingD.amhad

7.Lastyear,InotoutbecauseIhurtmyleg.

A.can;getB.can;gettingC.could;getD.could;got

8.—Andy,whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterdayafternoon?

—IthefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjinwithmysister.

A.watchB.watchedC.waswatchingD.amwatching

9.Don，tleaveyourtoysonthetable,orIthemaway.

A.threwB.willthrowc.havethrownD.wasthrowing

10.-Mike,whyareyoustandingoutdoors?

-I_____mykeys.Ihavetowaithereuntilmymothercomesback.

A.havelostB.willloseC.hadlostD.lose

11.He____________newspapersat8：00everyevening.

A.readsB.isreadingc.wasreadingD.hasread

12.-Yourwatchisreallyold.

-Yes,I____________itsinceIwassix.

A.haveB.willhaveC.havehadD.amhaving

13.LiLei_____________theschoolbuslastFriday.

A.missesB.missedc.wasmissingD.hasmissed

14.-Hello!MayIspeaktoKate?

-Sorry,sheisn，tin.Shepingpongoutside.

A.isplayingB.playsC.playedD.willplay

15.一Excuseme,whatisNickdoing?

-Look!Heflowersoutside.

A.watersB.wateredC.iswateringD.haswatered

16.-Brucesomuchinthepasttwoyears.

-Yeah,hebeshy,butnowheisconfidentandactive.

A.haschanged;usedtoB.changed;isusedto

C.changed;usedtoD.haschanged;isusedto

17.IapartynextSaturday.Ihopeyoucancome.

A.hadB.washavingC.havehadD.willhave

18.一Youdancesowell,Alice.

-Thanks.IChinesedancesinceIwas5yearsold.

A.learnB.learntC.amlearningD.havelearnt

19.—Ourcomputerisworkingagain!

——Yes.OurITteacherit.Ittookhimaboutanhour.

A.hasfixedB.willfixC.isfixingD.wasfixing

20.Williamsixbooks,andallofthemarebestsellers.

A.willwriteB.iswritingC.haswrittenD.waswriting

21.ThereanEnglishshowthisweekend.Shallwegoandwatchit?

A.aregoingtobeB.wasC.willbeD.were

22.一Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?

一No,thanks.Isometeaalready.

A.havedrunkB.wasdrinkingC.willdrinkD.drink

23.Sofar,thenumberofpeopleusing5Gmobilephonesalot.

A.isincreasingB.areincreasingC.hasincreasedD.haveincreased

24.IsawBobinthegarden.Heflowersthere.

A.watersB.haswateredC.iswateringD.waswatering

25.—Whatgoodbooksdidyoureadrecently?

—ITalesofChinasincelastyear,andnowthethirdtime.

A.readB.amreadingC.havereadD.willread

26.Jane,Irangyouuplastnightbutnobodyanswered.

一Oh,Itogetherwithmyparentswalksintheparkthen.

A.havetakenB.wastakingC.weretakingD.hadtaken

27.—Iwhenyoucalledmeat8：00lastnight.

一Nowonderyoudidn，tpickitup.

A.wastakingashowerB.amtakingashower

C.tookashowerD.takeashower

28.WewillplayfootballifitthisSaturday.

A.doesn，tsnowB.won'tsnowC.isn，tsnowingD.didn，tsnow

29.一Lily,whatdoyouusuallydoafterschool?

—Iexercisewithmyfriends.

A.doB.didC.willdoD.wasdoing

30.MyparentsandItreeslastSunday.

A.plantB.willplantC.areplantingD.planted

31.Mr.SmithChinesefortwoyears.He'smuchbetteratitnow.

A.learnsB.waslearningC.haslearnedD.willlearn

32.It.Pleasetakeanumbrellawithyou,Annie.

A.rainsB.israiningC.rainedD.wasraining

33.Inthepast,peopledidn，tknowthattheeartharoundthesun.

A.willmoveB.movedC.wouldmoveD.moves

34.ThedocumentaryAerialChina《航拍中國(guó)》iswonderful.Sofar,Iitthree

times.

A.watchedB.willwatchC.havewatchedD.watch

35.—HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?

——Ofcourse.Actually,Ithereforsixyears,butnowIlivein

Beijing.

A.workedB.wasworkingC.wouldworkD.haveworked

36.HewithourteacherwhenIsawhim.

A.wastalkingB.talksC.hastalkedD.willtalk

37.yourhomework?

一Notyet.r11finishitintenminutes.

A.DidyoufinishB.Haveyoufinished

C.WillyoufinishD.Doyoufinish

38.—DoyouknowMountWudanginShiyan?

—Yes,Iittwice.Itsfantastic.

A.hadclimbedB.climbC.climbedD.haveclimbed

39.一IsHelenhere?

一No,sheisn，there.Sheinhalfanhour.

A.arrivesB.arrivedC.willarriveD.hasarrived

40.一IsHelenhere?

一No,sheisn1there.Sheinhalfanhour.

A.arrivesB.arrivedC.willarriveD.hasarrived

41.IjoinedthebookclublastmonthandIfivebooksalready.

A.amreadingB.havereadC.willreadD.read

42.—Alicehasg