2024年高考英語模擬試題專項(xiàng)匯編：閱讀理解-降環(huán)保類（含解析）

2024年高考英語真題模擬試題專項(xiàng)匯編（3）閱讀理解-健康環(huán)保類

1.Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,

whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsown

problem.

Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.Thelongesttrackandfieldeventat

theSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslonger

thanthemarathon.Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker?skneesstay

straightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact（接觸）with

thegroundatalltimes.It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchan

attractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercise

scienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.

Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingto

mostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburn

about800calories（卡路里）perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyasthey

wouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000

ormorecaloriesperhour.

However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.

Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfour

timestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,

createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.

Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchas

runnersknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport?sstrangeformdoes

placeconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuch

injuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishing

totryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracerto

learnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.

（1）Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?

A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.

C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.

(2)Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?

A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It'slesschallengingphysically.

C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.

(3)WhatisDr.Norberg，ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?

A.Gettingexperts'opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.

C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.

(4)Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?

A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.

2.Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentaliston

yourholidaylist,furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion

(時(shí)裝)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海

貍鼠).

UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafur

madeintoclothesindifferentstyles.〃Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur

-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear"says

CreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters

$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlast

month.

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothe

wild."Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It's

destroyingtheenvironment.It'sthemorus.〃saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthis

field.

Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutria

collapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.

BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesays

it'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtabout

it.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton5sjob

thesedaysistryingtopromotefur.

Thenthere，sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays,

〃Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaint

onthem-Ithinkthat，sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.z/Designer

JenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusing

nutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She，stryingtocomeupwitha

labeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.

3.AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththe

sizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.

Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeople

whoorderlargeportions（份），it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneed

toavoid.

Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchers

conductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividually

invitedintoalabtoostensibly（表面上）participateinastudyaboutmovie

viewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.

Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,the

actorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfat

suitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.

Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.The

participantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,

theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.

Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfrom

thesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilarto

thefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhen

thethinactortook30pieces.

Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe're

makingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Call

itthe〃I'11havewhatshe'shaving，'effect.However,we'11adjusttheinfluence.

Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'11holdbackabitbecauseI

seetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'11follow

suit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan，tI?

(1).Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?

A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.

(2).Whatdoestheunderlinedwordbeanpoles77inparagraph1referto?

A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.

D.Tallthinpersons.

(3).Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?

A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.

B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.

C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.

D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.

(4).Onwhatbasisdowe〃adjusttheinfluence"accordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewantto

be.

C.Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.

4.Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningand

othermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublished

WednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000

retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers5memoryandthinking

skillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthe

samegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.

Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激)，demandingjobsbefore

retirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(iA

知)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallenging

jobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants5

overallhealthstatus.

“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,，zsaysFranciscaThen,wholedthe

study."Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou，reinpain,youmayfeeltired.But

itmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelp

yourbrainstayhealthy.zz

It，snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrain

fit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter'sjob,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,

teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-leveloffice

work.And，zrunningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningand

coordinating(協(xié)調(diào))，〃shesays.〃Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildren

andtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.z/

Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-including

otherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallenge

yourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp,

(1).Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?

A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus.B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.

C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality.D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability,

(2).HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?

A.Byusinganexpert，swords.B.Bymakingacomparison.

C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy.D.Byintroducingaconcept.

(3).Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB.OldPeopleShould

TakeChallengingJobs

C.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD.CognitiveFunction

MayDeclineAsYouAge

5.Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemore

beneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingand

physicalactivity.

Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.

However,farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffect

generalhealth.

Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10

overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,for

betterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen，sfitness

andrestingmetabolic（新陳代謝的）ratesandtooksamples（樣品）oftheirbloodand

fattissue.

Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists'lab,eachmanwalked

foranhouratanaveragespeedthat,intheory,shouldallowhisbodytorelymainly

onfatforfuel.Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaning

thattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast（禁

食）.Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforethey

startedwalking.

Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout,thescientiststookadditional

samplesofthemen，sbloodandfattissue.

Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Most

obviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkouts

whentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburned

morefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheother

hand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories（卡路里）,onaverage,duringtheworkoutafter

breakfastthanafterfasting.

Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemost

significant,theresearchersfound.Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,depending

onwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduce

proteins（蛋白質(zhì)）thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin（胰島素）levels

throughoutthebodyandsoarcassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenes

weremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhad

breakfasted.

Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefits

fromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.

（1）.Theunderlinedexpressionzzstomachit〃inParagraph1mostprobablymeans

A.digestthemealeasilyB.managewithout

breakfast

C.decidewiselywhattoeatD.eatwhateverisoffered

(2).Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?

A.Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.

B.Theirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.

C.Theycouldwalkatanaveragespeed.

D.Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.

(3).Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?

A.Theysuccessfullylostweight.B.Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.

C.Theyburnedmorefatonaverage.D.Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.

(4).Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?

A.Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.

B.Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.

C.Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.

D.Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.

6.Lateblight(晚疫病)isacommondiseaseofplantssuchastomatoesandpotatoes,

capableofwipingoutentirecropsoncommercial-sizedfields.Ifconditionsare

favorable,itcanquicklyspreadtootherplantsthroughwetsoilandwind.

Inhistory,lateblightcausedover1milliondeathsinIreland.Todayitstill

causesmorethan6.7billiondollarsinannuallossesworldwide.Smallfarmsand

growersareoftenthehardesthit,manystatinglosingalmosttwo-thirdsoftheir

yearlyproduction,becauseusuallytheydon'thavemoneytoidentifyandtreatthe

disease.

Butfarmersmayhaveanewweaponnow.Thetechnology,designedbyresearchers

atNorthCarolinaStateUniversitycanrecognizesickplantsearlybyemployinga

pieceoftestpaperthatplugsinto(接入)areaderonasmartphone.

Plantsproducesignalingchemicalsfromtheirleaves."Ifaplantisdiseased,

thetypeandconcentrationofthesechemicalschanges,“saidWeiQingshan,an

engineeratNorthCarolinaStateUniversity.Ifthefarmersuspectsalateblight

infectionisunderway,hecanremovealeaffromalivingplantandplaceitina

small,coveredglassjar.Aftertheleaf?svolatile(揮發(fā)性的)chemicalshave

accumulatedfor15minutesorso,thecapisremovedandtheairispumpedfromthe

jarintoareaderattachedtothebackofasmartphone.Insidethesmartphonereader

isapieceofpaperspeciallytreatedwithdyes（染料）bytheresearchers.Upon

interacting（相互作用）withtheplant,svolatilechemicals,thepaperchangescolor

toindicatethepresenceorabsenceofthelateblight.

Theresearchershopetotailorthetechnologyforothercropdiseases,which

continuetoappearasclimatechangeandglobaltradeincreasethestresson

agriculturalsystems."Thisisanimportantstepintheimprovementofglobalfood

security,“WeiQingshansaid.

1.WhatarethestatisticsinParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Thedamagecausedbylateblight.

B.Themoneyputintolateblighttreatment.

C.Thenumberofcropsinacommercial-sizedfield.

D.Theyearlyproductionofsmallfarmsandgrowers.

2.AccordingtoWeiQingshan,howwouldafarmerfindoutifaplantwasinfected?

A.Bytreatingtheplantwithspecialdyes.B.Byputtingvolatile

chemicalsontheplant.

C.Bytestingtheairinthejarwithaleafinside.D.Byexaminingtheland

withasmartphonereader.

3.Whatdotheresearchersexpectoftheirnewtechnology?

A.It'11reachfarmerssoon.B.It'11getridoflateblight.

C.It'11bebeneficialtotheclimate.D.It'11beabletodetectmorecrop

diseases.

4.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Tointroduceatestmethodoflateblight.B.Toexplainthecauses

oflateblight.

C.Todiscusstheeffectsoflateblight.D.Totellthehistory

oflateblight.

7.Thestudy,publishedtodayinthejournalPLOSBiologyshowsthattheaverage

bodysizeandnumberofsharksandothermarinepredators一vitaltomaintaining

healthyoceanecosystems一fellsignificantlynearcitieswithmorethan10,000people

andassociatedfishingboats.

Theminimumdistancefrompeopleandfishingwhichhadnomeasurableeffectwas

1,250kilometers.Thisisfarfurtherthanpreviousstudieshavesuggestedand

probablyreflectstheincreaseddistancesfishingboatscannowtravel.Asaresult,

sharkswereonlyobservedat12%ofsitesmonitored.

LeadauthorDr.TomLetessiersaid,“Humanactivityisnowthebiggestinfluence

onsharks,distribution.Just13%oftheworld'soceanscanbeconsidered

'wilderness'butsharksandotherpredatorsaremuchmorecommonandsignificantly

largeratdistancesgreaterthan1,250kilometersfrompeople.Thissuggeststhat

largemarinepredatorsaregenerallyunabletothriveneartopeopleandisanother

clearexampleoftheimpactofhumanoveruseonourseas.”

Tocollecttheirdata,theteamanalyzedvideostakenat1,041sitesacrossthe

IndianandPacificOceans,selectedtotestthebiggestpossiblerangeofconditions

andhabitats.Sharksandotherfree-swimmingpredatorswerestudiedusingcameras

attachedcannisters（炮筒）filledwithbait.Intotal,theteamrecorded23,200animals

representing109species.Theseincluded841individualsharksfrom19different

species.

Dr.Letessieradded,“Ourstudyalsofoundthatshallowerwaterenvironment,

ofdepthslessthan500meters,werevitalformarinepredatordiversity.Wetherefore

needtoidentifysitesthatarebothshallowandremoteandprotectthem.However,

therearestillnumerousshallowhotspotsnearhumanmarketsthatarenot

appropriatelyprotected,andthismustchange.”

1.Accordingtothestudy,whathappenedtosharksandothermarinepredators?

A.Theybecamelessimportantforkeepinghealthyoceanecosystems.

B.Theyonlylivednearcitieswith10,000people.

C.Theylovedswimmingafterfishingboats.

D.Theiraveragebodysizeandnumberdecreasedsharply.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayDr.TomLetessieragreewith?

A.Largemarinepredatorscangrowwellnearpeople.

B.Peopleshouldn'tdisturbtheseaandseaanimals.

C.Sharks,distributionwasmainlyaffectedbyhumanactivity.

D.Otherecologicalfactorshavenoimpactonsharks,distribution.

3.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph4?

A.Introduceanewtopicforreaders.B.Introducethestudymeansusedbythe

team.

C.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.D.Collectdataaboutsharksandother

predators.

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheperfectenvironmentformarinepredatordiversity?

A.Itshouldbedeeperthan500meters.B.Itshouldbespotsthatarehotenough.

C.Itshouldbeshallowerandawayfromhumans.D.Itshouldbespots

changedfromhumanmarkets.

答案以及解析

1.答案:(1)-(4)CDAB

解析：(1).考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞conditionedathletes可將解題信息定位

至其次段，依據(jù)該段中的"Butthesport，srulesrequirethataracewalker，skneesstay

straightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接觸)withthe

groundatalltimes”可知，競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)則要求競(jìng)走者的膝關(guān)節(jié)在腿搖擺時(shí)的大部分時(shí)間里

伸直，同時(shí)一只腳保持與地面接觸。據(jù)此可知,競(jìng)走者必需遵循一些特別的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)則,故C項(xiàng)正

確。

(2).考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第五段中的"someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,such

asrunner,sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers”可知，一些與跑步有關(guān)的損傷，如跑

步者的膝蓋(受傷)，在競(jìng)走者中并不常見。據(jù)此可知,競(jìng)走不太可能導(dǎo)致膝蓋受傷,故D項(xiàng)正確。

(3).考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第五段中的"anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshould

probablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique”可

知,Norberg博士建議任何希望嘗試競(jìng)走的人或許應(yīng)當(dāng)首先詢問下教練或有閱歷的競(jìng)走者，以

學(xué)習(xí)正確的技巧，故A項(xiàng)正確。

(4).考查觀點(diǎn)看法。依據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,作者提到了競(jìng)走這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的好處，同時(shí)也指出它的一

些危害,看法是客觀的,故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.答案：(1)-(4)AADB

解析：(1).考查推理推斷。依據(jù)其次段中的"UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansand

Brooklynhaveshowcasednutriafur""Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-free

fur...everyyear”可知，時(shí)裝秀的意圖是推銷無罪惡感的毛皮衣服。故選A。

(2),考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)其次段中的"thenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandsevery

year”以及第四段中的"Theecosystem...It'sdestroyingtheenvironment”可知，因?yàn)楹Ｘ?/p>

鼠破壞濕地進(jìn)而破壞了環(huán)境,所以科學(xué)家對(duì)它們很擔(dān)憂。故選A。

(3).考查詞義揣測(cè)。依據(jù)畫線詞前的"Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades”

可知，幾十年來，毛皮貿(mào)易使海貍鼠(的數(shù)量)處于限制之下。依據(jù)畫線詞后的"thecat-sized

animalsmultipliedlikecrazy”可知，這種貓大小的動(dòng)物瘋狂地繁殖。由此可推知,20世紀(jì)

80年頭末海貍鼠市場(chǎng)癱瘓了。collapse的意思應(yīng)是"崩潰"，故選D。

(4).考查推理推斷。依據(jù)最終一段中的"Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoption....amassive

thing,atleasthereinNewYork”可知，在紐約，穿毛皮衣服具有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性。故選B。

3.答案：(1)-(4)DDAC

解析：(1).考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，文章第一段為全文的主題段，即《消費(fèi)者探討雜志》

最近的一項(xiàng)探討表明,我們的飲食同伴的體型和飲食習(xí)慣都會(huì)影響我們的食物攝入量,而且要

避開同食量大的瘦人一起進(jìn)食。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要介紹了飲食行為,故D項(xiàng)正確。

(2).考查詞義揣測(cè)。依據(jù)第一段其次句"Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyou

shouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份)，it'sthe

beanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid〃可知，探討表明，與現(xiàn)存的探討

發(fā)覺(應(yīng)當(dāng)避開和食量大的胖人一起吃飯)相反，你真正須要避開的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。

依據(jù)"contraryto〃可知，畫線詞與heavierpeople含義相反，故D項(xiàng)正確。

(3).考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)其次段中的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneating

habits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments”可知，為了驗(yàn)證社交對(duì)飲食習(xí)慣的影

響,探討人員進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)試驗(yàn);再結(jié)合下文介紹的兩個(gè)試驗(yàn)可知,聘用演員參與試驗(yàn)旨在查看

演員對(duì)參與試驗(yàn)的人的飲食習(xí)慣的影響,故A項(xiàng)正確。

(4).考查推理推斷。依據(jù)尾段中的"Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,so

willI...becauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits,〃可知，假如這個(gè)同伴準(zhǔn)備吃

得更多,我也會(huì)吃得更多;但是,我們將調(diào)整影響。假如一個(gè)超重的人吃了許多,我會(huì)略微保留

一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲铱吹搅怂嬍沉?xí)慣的結(jié)果。據(jù)此可以推知，我們對(duì)自己飲食的調(diào)整是以分析他人

的飲食習(xí)慣和結(jié)果(即如何看待他人)為基礎(chǔ)的,故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.答案：(1)-(3)DBC

解析：(1).考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)文章其次段中的“assessedthevolunteers'memoryand

thinkingskills〃可知,科學(xué)家對(duì)這些志愿者的測(cè)試主要是來探討和評(píng)估他們的記憶力和思索

實(shí)力，故選D項(xiàng)。

(2).考查寫作手法。依據(jù)文章第四段中的"Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise〃可

知,FranciscaThen把它與體育熬煉相比較,故采納的方法是〃對(duì)比法〃，故選B項(xiàng)。

(3).考查標(biāo)題推斷。依據(jù)文章全文和第一段中的"Challengingwork...mighthelpyourbrain

staysharpasyouage〃可知，本文主要說明白有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作能更好地讓你保持敏銳，故選C

項(xiàng)。

5.答案:BABD

解析：(1).考查詞義揣測(cè)。此處考查stomach的熟詞生義，該詞在本句中意為〃忍受〃;另外，結(jié)

合常識(shí)可以推斷,有的人熬煉前不吃早飯是受不了的,所以此處意為〃假如可以忍受空腹的話，

在吃早餐前去熬煉比吃過早餐后去熬煉好處更多〃,故B項(xiàng)正確。

(2).考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第三段中的“10overweightandinactivebutotherwise

healthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthose

ofmostofus〃可知，選中的這十個(gè)人就是大眾的代表，故A項(xiàng)正確。

(3).考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第六段中的〃0ntheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymore

calories（卡路里），onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting”

可知,熬煉前吃早餐的人相對(duì)而言在熬煉時(shí)燃燒的卡路里稍多一些,故B項(xiàng)正確。

（4）.考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)最終一段中的"togainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfrom

exercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst〃可知，早飯前熬煉給身體帶來的健康方面

的好處更多，故選D。

6.答案：1.A;2.C;3.D;4.A

解析：

7.答案：1.D;2.C;3.B;4.C

解析：