完形填空解題技巧

完形填空

2017高考專題復(fù)習(xí)之完形填空

鶴壁高中陳致玲【考綱要求與說明】

完形填空全面考查學(xué)生在閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)之上運用詞匯和語法的能力和水平。解題過程要求考生根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容，區(qū)分結(jié)構(gòu)的層次和內(nèi)容的邏輯關(guān)系，對語篇中的缺失信息進(jìn)行猜測、推斷、驗證的過程，通常我們可以借助語篇的上下文線索以及文化背景知識等進(jìn)行解題。閱讀過程中多注意體會作者的寫作意圖，加強(qiáng)分析推理能力。1.以敘為主,敘議結(jié)合;2.篇章短小,意義完整;3.首句完整,主題明確;4.結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,層次分明;5.考查語境,側(cè)重辨析;6.實詞為主,虛詞為輔;7.邏輯推理,隱于語篇;8.常識語法,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。形散意不散貌離神不離【高考完型命題特點】年份體裁題材作者學(xué)習(xí)美式手語的經(jīng)歷及感受。運輸司機(jī)冒險救援事故車輛。2017

記敘文2016

記敘文2015

記敘文（夾敘夾議）

奉獻(xiàn)愛心，助人為樂。（贈人玫瑰，手留余香）【近三年全國卷體裁題材特點】【近三年全國卷考點分布】年份名詞動詞形容詞副詞連詞短語其他20157題6題3題3題1題20164題4題2題1題3題4題1題20175題9題5題1題主要考查名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞，占90%以上。

原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)同義、近義復(fù)現(xiàn)

并列關(guān)系

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

讓步關(guān)系

解釋關(guān)系語法項目較少考查

順序關(guān)系

因果關(guān)系詞匯手段語法手段

邏輯手段語篇信息（語境理解）考查內(nèi)容…備戰(zhàn)完形填空——能力必備一、快速閱讀能力二、詞匯辨析能力三、詞匯搭配的理解能力四、邏輯推斷能力五、運用常識能力六、揣測作者意圖的能力技巧點撥1.注意上下文語境（context)

詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)、同現(xiàn)2.運用詞義辨析

（comparison）3.掌握習(xí)慣搭配（phrases&idioms）4.掌握熟詞生義（newmeanings）4.了解背景常識（commonsense）5.運用語法分析（grammaranalysis)跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查結(jié)合選項，綜合考慮，初定答案瞻前顧后，先易后難，個個擊破

完形填空的解題步驟把握整體具體分析1、跳讀—領(lǐng)會大意（2－3分鐘）

速讀全文要一氣呵成，盡管有空格、生詞或不明白的地方，仍要快速讀下去。通過通覽全文、領(lǐng)會大意，概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)層次、情節(jié)、寫作風(fēng)格等等。完形填空解題三部曲:跳讀---試填---復(fù)核

。2.試填---瞻前顧后上下求索(8-10分鐘)先易后難，逐層深入。緊扣全文內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系上下文和語境，展開邏輯推理，注意從上下文中尋找線索，注意詞匯的意義、搭配，慣用法，語法，常識等多個角度進(jìn)行綜合考慮。3復(fù)核----全面檢查，確保語意連貫(2-3分鐘)

試填后，要把全文再通讀一遍，注意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文章意思通順、前后連貫、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。詞匯題1.復(fù)現(xiàn)同現(xiàn)詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)是指某一個詞以原詞或同義詞等方式在同一篇中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。語篇中的句子通過復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系達(dá)到相互銜接的目的，詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)又可分為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（又叫同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)）、同義或近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（包括與近義詞的同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，如ill與sickness）、上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（即總括與分述，如food是bread、milk、rice等的上義詞；r是flower的下義詞）等。1.(2017全國卷I)Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.....Afterthat,feelingtheneedto__52___further,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLclub’smeetings.52.A.exercise B.exploreC.expressD.explain

原詞,同根詞重現(xiàn).

2.(2015全國卷I)

Thenmy17-year-oldsuggestedgivinghima__47__.Ithoughtaboutit.Wewere__48(low)__oncashourselves,but……WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitfor__54(whatever)__hisfamilymightneed,heburstintotears.47.A.dollar B.job C.hotmeal D.giftcard

thegiftcard原詞重現(xiàn)3.(廣東卷)therearemanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebaby'sheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfather'sclotherswerejusttwooftherecommended___27____.A.casesB.toolsC.stepsD.methods解析:methods與前文中的ways同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

4.(2017全國卷II)Ihadadvisedthekidsthatwhileverbsmaybedull,mostofthe___50_thingstheydothroughouttheirliveswillbeverbs.50.A.simpleB.uniqueC.funD.clever

解析:fun與dull為反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)5.(2011四川卷)Wefellinlove.Inthebeginning,Ididn’twanttodiscuss_____,becausethesadnessoflosingMumstillfeltgreat.Paulunderstoodthatandneverpushedmebut,bysummer,wegotmarried.A.travelB.businessC.childrenD.marriage解析：marriage與文中的married屬同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。6.(湖北卷)hetaughtherhowtorelyonherother______,speciallyherhearing.....A.feelingB.organsC.skillsD.senses解析:senses為hearing的上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)7.Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadteacherthoughtIwas_____andwhenIwas14hesaid,“Youarenevergoingtobeanythingbutafailure.”A.bright

B.useless

C.simple

D.hopefulB利用首句信息8.Theschooldecidedthatwhenthedriveropenedboththefrontandbackdoor,studentswhoweregettingoffthebusshouldgetofffirst,andstudentswhoweregettingonshouldgeton____.

A.soonerB.laterC.fasterD.earlier

B

詞語同現(xiàn)。詞語同現(xiàn)：某些語義相關(guān)聯(lián)的詞語在語篇中共同出現(xiàn)的性，叫詞語同現(xiàn)，也有人稱之為“詞場”。同現(xiàn)詞之間有反義或相對關(guān)系，或者同類互補(bǔ)關(guān)系等。如：differentvssame,cruelvsfriendly,death&destruction9.Thesetellthestoryofamotherwhosebabygrows

andpale

…

A.sick

B.slim

C.short

D.small

A解析：與pale同現(xiàn)的單詞，應(yīng)該是sick。10.On_____days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy解析:與heavyclothes和woolengloves同現(xiàn)的應(yīng)該是snowydays。D2.詞義辨析1.(2017全國卷I)IwatchedastheASLClub__47__theirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandthevery__48___ofcommunicatingwithoutspeaking___49___me.47.A.recordedB.performedC.recitedD.discussed48.A.ideaB.amountC.dreamD.reason49.A.disturbedB.supportedC.embarrassedD.attracted解析：根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞watch可知，作者看到美式手語社團(tuán)的成員表演(perform)。record記錄;recite背誦;discuss討論.48題和49題手部動作和無須用語言交流的想法（idea）吸引（attract）了我。2.

Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas

1

andthesametimefeelinglonely..

1.A.helpless

B.lazy

C.anxious

D.tired

解析：在把握上文“我提著衣箱緩慢地上樓梯”的情況下，可知答案為D.tired，即當(dāng)我到達(dá)三樓時，已經(jīng)很累了；3.(2017全國卷II)

In1973,Iwasteachingelementaryschool.Eachday27kids______“TheThinkingLaboratory.A.builtB.enteredC.decoratedD.ran解析：根據(jù)上文一句，作者在一所小學(xué)教學(xué)，孩子門當(dāng)然是每天進(jìn)入（enter）思想實驗室了。built建造;decorate裝飾；run跑步，經(jīng)營4.(2014全國卷I）Mywheelchairexperimentwassoon54.Itmadeadeepimpressiononme.Afewhoursof“disability”gavemeonlyatasteofthe55(challenges),bothphysicalandmental,thatdisabledpeoplemustovercome.54.A.forgottenB.repeatedC.conductedD.finished語境-詞義辨析3.習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配311.(2013江西)“Youshouldn’tswimthatday,”theman45(advised).“Thereisastormcomingup.” “Youshouldmindyourown46!”Dianerepliedandwalkedintothegentlewaves.46.A.businessB.SwimsuitC.friendsD.parentsMindyourownbusiness!不要多管閑事！2.(2014全國I)

Forexample,onChristmasmorning,childrenareexcitedabout43withtheirnewtoys.

43.A.working B.living C.playing D.going語境-固定搭配playwith(toys)33

3.(2012全國新課標(biāo))

Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall!Itspeaks36thanwords…

36.A.straighterB.louderC.harderD.furtherActionspeakslouderthan

words.習(xí)語諺語:事實勝于雄辯4.熟詞生義1.Oneafternoon，theheadmaster

called

myfriendtodiscussoneessaywithhiminalivelyspirit.“Iwasinterestedinthis

48

youmakehere.Ithinkyoumighthavegonefurther.Tellmewhatyouhadinyourmind.”

A.aimB.goalC.pointD.opinionpoint觀點，要點2.Hecamebacktomelikeamanwhohadhadaverynarrow

54

andImadeupmymindtomakeeveryefforttostudymytranslations.

A.surpriseB.escapeC.hopeD.chance

narrowadj.勉強(qiáng)的，好不容易的

anarrowvictory險勝

3.

Scottandhiscompanionswereterriblydisappointed.WhentheygottotheSouthPole,theyfoundtheNorwegians（挪威人）hadbeaten

themintheracetobethefirstevertoreachit.After

37

theBritishflagatthePole,theytookaphotographofthemselvesbefore

theystartedthe950-milejourneyback.

A.growing

B.putting

C.planting

D.layingplantvt.立穩(wěn)，豎立，安放4.TodayIdecidedtolookuptheword“hero”inthedictionarytoseeexactlywhatitmeant.It_____“apersonwhodoessomethingbrave”.AsIreadon,italsosaid“apersonwhoisgoodandnoble”．

A.wroteB.toldC.describedD.readreadvt.(指示牌等)寫著，（儀器等）顯示5.Hethen

returnedtohisoffice,

satisfied

thatifapictureisworthathousandwords,thenthefourphotosmustbeagood

31

!Hesatdownwithasmile.

Hiswife

32

thosepictures.Shecarriestheminherpursenowandshowsthemtoanyonewhoasksifsheismarried…

A.descriptionB.preparationC.excuseD.lecture

A.toredB.savedC.developedD.destroyedlecturen.教訓(xùn)，訓(xùn)斥savev.保留，保存4.生活常識和文化背景1.（2013全國卷I）

AssoonasIsatdown,my41madethechairbegintoroll.Itswheelswerenot42（locked）.41.A.height B.force C.skillD.weight生活常識常識、背景知識2.BorninAmerica,IspokeEnglishnotChinese，thelanguageofmyancestors.WhenIwasthree,myparentsflashedcardswithChinese36atmyface,butIpushedthem37(aside),…36.A.customB.gamesC.charactersD.language

3：Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir

1

.Thiswasthebeginningofanother

2

dayinNewYorkCity.

1.A.jobs

B.homes

C.buses

D.offices

2.A.workingB.hot

C.same

D.ordinary解析：按生活經(jīng)驗，人們起床后，各自奔向自己的工作崗位。而這種情況是天天發(fā)生，是平平常常的，因此2題答案是D.ordinary。A.jobs

D.ordinary4.WhenIwasjust20monthsold,Isufferedserious__13(burn)_afterabowlofhotoilfellonmyhead.Iwas__14__tohospitalandhadtostaythereforweekswhilethedoctors___15__formylife.14.A.rushedB.ledC.invitedD.forced15.A.learnedB.foughtC.returnedD.decided解析：根據(jù)背景常識，在孩子受傷后，肯定會被快速送往醫(yī)院。rush急忙地送（。。。到某地）。急診病人被送醫(yī)院后，醫(yī)生定會竭盡全力搶救。fight為…而戰(zhàn)，為…而努力爭取。1.語法手段2.邏輯手段句際關(guān)系1.語法手段（2015全國卷I）WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitfor__54__hisfamilymightneed,heburstintotears.54A.whoever B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever語法-連接代詞

邏輯手段2.邏輯手段讓步關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系因果關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系順序關(guān)系并列關(guān)系…識別語篇標(biāo)志,理清邏輯關(guān)系語篇關(guān)系是指句群,段落,篇章之間的關(guān)系。聯(lián)系他們之間的詞語被稱為語篇標(biāo)志詞。常見的語篇標(biāo)志性的詞語有以下幾種:順序關(guān)系:firstly,secondly,thirdly等;因果關(guān)系:thus,therefore,so等;遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:besides,what'smore,further等;轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:but,while,yet,however等做完型時,如果能充分利用這些標(biāo)志性詞語,就能迅速理請文章的脈絡(luò),弄清上下文關(guān)系。1.(2017全國卷I)Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymy______progress,Iexcited.A.slowB.steadC.normalD.obvious轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

2.

Ourfatherwasastruggling36(lawyer),

butIalwaysknewhewas

37(special)

.Henevercriticizedus,

butused38tobringoutourbest.

38.A.help B.peace C.smile D.praise轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系3.（2013全國卷I）MyhandsstartedtoacheasI51(turned)theheavymetalwheels.Icametoknowthatcontrollingthe52(direction)ofthewheelchairwasnotgoingtobea(n)53task.53.A.easyB.heavyC.major D.extra因果關(guān)系4.(2014全國卷I)Theworldisfullof46stampalbumsandunfinishedmodels,eachstandingasamonumenttosomeone’s

47（passing）

interest.46.A.well-organizedB.colorfully-printed C.newly-collected D.half-filled

同類并列關(guān)系

5.Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhand,...Thenthewritingpointofthepen……

52,thepenshouldmakeathick,darkline.52.A.MeanwhileB.GenerallyC.AfterwardsD.Finally順序關(guān)系

失分原因:knowwhy出錯主要原因有兩類：一是：基礎(chǔ)知識不牢，詞匯障礙嚴(yán)重。二是文章整體閱讀能力低。因此完形填空的訓(xùn)練重在落實，體現(xiàn)在：全篇主要意思是否明白；重要動詞（或短語）是否會用；中西文化背景是否清楚；語境中詞語篩選是否合理；是否根據(jù)常識進(jìn)行推理；慣用法及搭配是否恰當(dāng)；是否糾正了平時的習(xí)慣錯誤。如何提高能力技巧一、提高閱讀能力（速度、理解）二、打好語法基礎(chǔ)（固定搭配）三、擴(kuò)充詞匯量（動詞、名詞）四、增長生活常識，培養(yǎng)廣泛的興趣愛好五、多做多練，以提高實戰(zhàn)能力復(fù)習(xí)備考首先要熟練地掌握學(xué)過的全部語法知識，牢記習(xí)慣用法。

特別是動詞短語；注意對動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等詞匯意義的真正理解，要懂得詞匯的內(nèi)涵、外延、褒貶及一定的修辭色彩。

注意它們的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞及其辨析。

其次要有計劃地多做一些完形填空的練習(xí)，多閱讀一些短文，增強(qiáng)英文閱讀能力，提高理解能力【真題演練

】新課標(biāo)2015全國卷I解題三部曲：讀---填---讀MykidsandIwereheadingintothesupermarketovertheweekend.Ontheway,wespottedamanholdingapieceofpaperthatsaid,“41myjob.FamilytoFeed.”Atthisstore,a42likethisisnotnormal.My10-year-oldnoticedhimandmadea43onhowbaditmustbetohavetostand44inthecoldwind.Inthestore,Iaskedeachofmykidsto45somethingtheythoughtour“friend”therewould46.Theygotapples,asandwichandabottleofjuice.41.A.QuitB.ChangedC.LostD.Finished42.A.conditionB.placeC.sightD.show43.A.suggestionB.commentC.decisionD.call44.A.by B.proudlyC.outsideD.angrily45.A.draw B.sayC.arrangeD.pick46.A.appreciate B.supplyC.order D.discover語境、詞義上下文Thenmy17-year-oldsuggestedgivinghima47.Ithoughtaboutit.Wewere48oncashourselves,but…well,sometimes49fromourneedinsteadofourabundanceis50whatweneedtodo!Allthekids51somethingtheycoulddoawayw