獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

PAGEPAGE47獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一、\o""獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)名詞或代詞，加上一個(gè)形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、不定式等在句中作狀語(yǔ)。它有以下三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2.名詞或代詞與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、不定式等存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。3.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)，與主句之間不用任何連接詞。二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的常見(jiàn)形式1.名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞（邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者）Themoonappearing，theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjouney.Weshallplaythematchtomorrow,weatherpermitting.明天假設(shè)天氣好，我們就進(jìn)行比賽。2.名詞（代詞）+過(guò)去分詞（邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作承受者）Thejobfinished,wewenthome.工作結(jié)束后我們就回家了。Good-byesaid，hewenthome.3.名詞（代詞）+不定式Nobodytocometomorrow,wewillhavetoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.如果明天沒(méi)有人來(lái)，我們將把會(huì)議推遲到下周。Somanypeopletohelphim,heissuretosucceed.有如此多的人來(lái)幫助他，他一定會(huì)成功的。4.名詞（代詞）+介詞短語(yǔ)（相當(dāng)于不帶動(dòng)詞的“主—系—介詞短語(yǔ)）Thesoldiersdashedin,rifleinhand.士兵們端著槍沖了進(jìn)來(lái)。Agirlcamein,bookinhand.一個(gè)少女進(jìn)來(lái)了，手里拿著書(shū)。5.名詞（代詞）+形容詞或副詞（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)未帶動(dòng)詞的“主—系—表”結(jié)構(gòu)）Hesatinthefrontrow,hismouthhalfopen.他坐在前排，嘴半開(kāi)著。6.Therebeing+名詞（代詞）Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.沒(méi)有別的事可做，我們就回家了。Therebeingnofurtherbusiness,Ideclarethemeetingclosed.沒(méi)有要討論的事了，我宣布散會(huì)。7.Itbeing+名詞（代詞）ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息。Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門(mén)了。注：\o""獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可在其前加上介詞with。Hestoodbeforehisteacherwithhisheaddown.他低著頭站在老師面前。Shecameinwithabookinherhand.她手里拿著一本書(shū)走了進(jìn)來(lái)。Iwon’tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.因?yàn)閶寢層胁。覠o(wú)法去度假。Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門(mén)在房里工作。Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.要洗這些衣服，我無(wú)法出去了。比較：“名詞（或代詞）＋介詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.史密斯先生走進(jìn)了課室，手里拿著一本書(shū)。with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.三、英語(yǔ)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。 1.用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Theworkdone(=Aftertheworkhadbeendone),wewenthome.工作完成后，我們就回家了。2.用作條件狀語(yǔ)Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.如果天氣允許的話(huà)，他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。3.用作原因狀語(yǔ)Animportantlecturetobegiventomorrow(=Asanimportantlecturewillbegiventomorrow),theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.因?yàn)槊魈煲l(fā)表一個(gè)重要的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。4.用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead(=andhishandswerecrossedunderhishead).他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦后。5.表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明Ahuntercamein,hisfaceredwithcold(=andhisfacewasredwithcold).一個(gè)獵人走了進(jìn)來(lái)，他的臉凍得通紅。Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.我們加倍努力，一個(gè)人干兩個(gè)人的活。注：1、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示時(shí)間、條件或原因時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，一般放在句首，表示原因時(shí)還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，通常放于句末。

2、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有所有格形式。Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting.主編來(lái)了，我們開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)。比較動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：Thechief-editor’sarrivingmadeusverysurprised.3、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用完成時(shí)，表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前。Thelistenershavingtakentheirseats,theconcertbegan.聽(tīng)眾坐好后，音樂(lè)會(huì)開(kāi)始了。四、with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)類(lèi)型及其用法

“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)是指“with+賓語(yǔ)（名詞或代詞）+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（分詞、不定式）、介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞或副詞等”所構(gòu)成的一種介詞短語(yǔ)。該結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部若是動(dòng)詞，則其非謂語(yǔ)形式的選用要注意三點(diǎn)：若內(nèi)部動(dòng)詞表示將來(lái)（無(wú)論主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)），則用不定式；若內(nèi)部動(dòng)詞表示被動(dòng)且屬過(guò)去，則用過(guò)去分詞；若內(nèi)部動(dòng)詞表示持續(xù)主動(dòng)動(dòng)作，則用現(xiàn)在分詞。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作以下幾種成分：

1、原因狀語(yǔ)

1.Withthemanguidingusahead,wehadnotroublefindingthevillage.

2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

1.Withourproblemsettled,weallfelthappy.

3、伴隨狀語(yǔ)

Shelefttheofficeswithtearsinhereyes.

4、后置定語(yǔ)

1.Doyouknowthemanwith/havingabookinhishand?

分詞結(jié)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別

一、分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即主句主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者（用現(xiàn)在分詞）或動(dòng)作承受者（用過(guò)去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式）。這種情況下的分詞短語(yǔ)可以改為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或并列謂語(yǔ)。二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是整句的主語(yǔ)，即主句主語(yǔ)與分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致。三、使用分詞短語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)分別在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意：它們與主句之間不應(yīng)有從屬連詞（如when,if,assoonas,as,while等）或并列連詞（如and,but,or,so等）。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)題及解析1.Ihavealotofbooks,halfof________novels.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.them2.________moreandmoreforestsdestroyed,manyanimalsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.A.becauseB.asC.WithD.Since3.Thebuswascrowdedwithpassengersgoinghomefrommarket,mostof________carryingheavybagsandbasketsfulloffruitandvegetablestheyhadboughtthere.A.themB.whoC.whomD.which4.ThelargestcollectioneverfoundinEnglandwasoneofabout200,000silverpennies,allof________over600yearsold.A.whichB.thatC.themD.it5.Thecave________verydark,helitsomecandles________light.A.was;givenB.was;togiveC.being;givenD.being;togive6.Thesoldierrushedintothecave,hisrighthand________agunandhisface________withsweat.Aheld;coveredB.holding;coveringC.holding;coveredD.held;covering7.Thegirlinthesnapshotwassmilingsweetly,herlonghair_________.A.flowedinthebreezeB.wasflowinginthebreezeC.wereflowinginthebreezeD.flowinginthebreeze8.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_________fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished9.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that10.TheSmithsarerichandtheyhavethreecars,oneaToyota,________A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.theothers【答案與解析】1.D。halfofthemnovels為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于andhalfofthemarenovels。2.C?？疾椤皐ith+名詞+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。3.A。mostofthemcarrying...為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于andmostofthemwerecarrying...，也可改為：mostofwhomwerecarrying。注意改動(dòng)后連詞and的使用和動(dòng)詞were的使用。4.C。allofthemover600yearsold為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于andallofthemareover600yearsold。5.D。第一空填being，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu);第二空填不定式表目的。6.C。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，hisrighthand與hold有主謂關(guān)系，故用holding,而hisface與cover是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用covered.7.D。herlonghair與flowing是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，這是“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”作狀語(yǔ)。8.B。因lessons與動(dòng)詞finish之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過(guò)去分詞。其實(shí)，theirlessonsfinishedfortheday為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。9.A。此題容易誤選B，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。其實(shí)，句中的theirparentsseatedtogetherjoking不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞seated不是謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞，因?yàn)閟eat作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞。10.D。易誤選C。后面部分實(shí)際上是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式，省略了being。補(bǔ)充完整就是：TheSmithsarerichandtheyhavethreecars,onebeingaToyota,theothersbeingLandRoverofthelatest.(兩個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)均表伴隨狀語(yǔ))

五、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝可分為二種：將整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)之前的叫完全倒裝（fullinversion）；將be、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或者助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前的叫做部分倒裝（partialinversion）。用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)（語(yǔ)法需要）或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。一、完全倒裝(1)在以地點(diǎn)副詞here,there和時(shí)間副詞now,then，thus開(kāi)頭，后面的動(dòng)詞是be,come,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand等，而主語(yǔ)又是名詞時(shí)，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。Theregoesthebell.鈴聲漸漸消失了。Thencamethechairman.然后主席就來(lái)了Hereisyourletter.這是你的信。(2)there引導(dǎo)句子除了therebe句型外，there還可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seemtobe,stand等，一般都譯成"有"的含義。Thereappearedtobeamaninblackinthedistance.遠(yuǎn)處有個(gè)穿黑色衣服的人。(3)在象聲詞或以out、in、up、down、away等表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞置于句首的句子。Click.clickwenttheweavingroom.Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.轟炸機(jī)下面發(fā)出了一顆導(dǎo)彈。(4)當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組在句首時(shí)。Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.Eastofthelakelietwotowns.Underthetreewaslyingawoundedsoldier.注意：1)在here,there引出的倒裝句中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是普通名詞時(shí)用完全倒裝句，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，就要用部分倒裝句。Herecomesthepostman!郵遞員終于來(lái)了！注意實(shí)意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞位于主語(yǔ)之前。Hereweare.（我們到了。注意系動(dòng)詞位于主語(yǔ)代詞之后。）2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞，謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞，表語(yǔ)是說(shuō)明性的詞、詞組和定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以使用完全倒裝句，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。Luckyishewhohasbeenenrolledintoafamousuniversity.他真幸運(yùn)，被一所名牌大學(xué)錄取了。二部分倒裝1.句首為否定或半否定的詞語(yǔ)，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil,scarcely,barely,underoncondition,hardly…when，nosooner…than，notonly,等。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.我從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)這樣的表演。Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.你在哪兒都找不到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開(kāi)房間。（當(dāng)Notuntil引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。Themotherdidn’tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep）Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.他不僅拒收了禮品，還狠狠批評(píng)了送禮的人。Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.她剛要走時(shí)一個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)看她。2.表示"也"、"也不"的so,neither,nor放在句首時(shí)，句子作部分倒裝。TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Tom能說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，我也能。Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.如果你不去，我也不去。注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"。例如：1)TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.Tom讓我去踢足球，我去了。2)It'sraininghard.Soitis.雨下得很大。的確很大。3.only放在句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)（副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句等），全句語(yǔ)序要部分倒裝。Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.你只有用這種方法才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.他被請(qǐng)了三次才來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)。注意：如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.他只有病得非常嚴(yán)重時(shí)才會(huì)臥床休息。4．a(chǎn)s,though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前（形容詞,副詞,分詞,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。此時(shí)應(yīng)注意：1)句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞；2)句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.盡管他愿意努力工作，但是他好像從來(lái)都不能令他的工作滿(mǎn)意。三其他部分倒裝1.so…that句型中的so位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。例如：Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.他害怕得動(dòng)都不敢動(dòng)。2.在某些表示祝愿的句型中，例如：Mayyouallbehappy.望大家開(kāi)心愉快。3.在虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有were,had,should等詞，可將if省略，把were,had,should移到主語(yǔ)之前，采取部分倒裝。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.如果我是你，我就再試一次?？偨Y(jié)：種類(lèi)倒裝條件例句完全倒裝here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子表示強(qiáng)調(diào)Outrushedthechildren.強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)置于句首，或?yàn)楸３志渥悠胶釶resentatthemeetingwere1,000students.部分倒裝never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,notuntil,not等表示否定意義的副詞放于句首HardlydidIknowwhathadhappened.only和修飾的狀語(yǔ)放于句首OnlythendidherealizedtheimportanceofEnglishnotonly…butalsonotonly…butalso連接并列的句子，前倒后不倒NotonlydoesheknowFrench,butalsoheisexpertatit.neither…nor…neither…nor…連接并列的句子，前后都倒裝NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.so…that,such…thatso…that,such…that中的so或such及修飾的成分放于句首時(shí)前倒后不倒Sobusyishethathecannotgoonaholiday.as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)Childasheis,hehaslearnedalot.so,neither或norso,neither或nor表示前句內(nèi)容也適用于另d外的人或事。Hecanplaythepiano.Socani.省略if的虛擬條件WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoitinthisway用于表示祝愿的祈使句中Mayyoubeingoodhealth!倒裝句練習(xí)：1.

_____can

you

expect

to

get

a

pay

rise.

A.With

hard

work

B.

Although

work

hard

C.

Only

with

hard

work

D.

Now

that

he

works

hard2.

____,

mother

will

wait

for

him

to

have

dinner

together.A.However

late

is

he

B.

However

he

is

late

C.

However

is

he

late

D.

However

late

he

is3.

Not

until

all

the

fish

died

in

the

river,

_____

how

serious

the

pollution

was.A.did

the

villagers

realize

B.

the

villagers

realized

C.

the

villagers

did

realize

D.

didn’t

the

villagers

realize4.

Not

until

I

began

to

work

____

how

much

time

I

had

wasted.A.didn’t

realize

B.

did

I

realize

C.

I

didn’t

realize

D.

I

realized

5.—Do

you

know

Jim

quarrel

with

his

brother?

—I

don’t

know,

_______.

A.nor

don’t

I

care

B.

nor

do

I

care

C.

I

don’t

care

neither

D.

I

don’t

care

also6.

Only

by

practicing

a

few

hours

every

day

_____

be

able

to

waste

much

time.A.you

can

B.

can

you

C.

you

will

D.

will

you

7.

Not

until

the

early

years

of

the19th

century

_____

what

heat

is.

A.man

did

know

B.

man

knew

C.

didn’t

man

know

D.

did

man

know8.

_____got

into

the

room,

_____

the

telephone

rang.

A.He

hardly;

then

B.

Hardly

had

he;

when

C.

He

had

not;

than

D.

Not

had

he;

when9.

______

snacks

and

drinks,but

they

also

brought

cards

for

entertainment

when

they

had

a

picnic

in

the

forest.

A.

Not

only

they

brought

B.

Not

only

did

they

bringC.

Not

only

brought

they

D.

Not

only

they

did

bring10.—I

don’t

think

I

can

walk

any

further.

—_____,

Let’s

stop

here

for

a

rest.A.Neither

can

I

B.

Neither

do

I

C.

I

didn’t

think

so

D.

I

think

so

11.

Only

in

this

way

______

do

it

well.A.must

we

B.

we

could

C.

can

we

D.

we

can12.

Hardly

____

when

it

began

to

rain.A.had

he

arrived

B.

arrived

he

C.

he

had

arrived

D.

did

he

arrive

13.

Jack

is

a

student

and

studies

at

the

No.

2

Middle

School.

_____.A.

It

was

the

same

with

Mike

B.So

it

is

with

MikeC.

So

is

Mike

D.

So

does

Mike14.

______,

I

would

have

given

you

his

address.A.

If

you

asked

me

B.

You

had

asked

meC.

Should

you

have

asked

me

D.Had

you

asked

me15.

_____

that

they

had

made

an

important

discovery

in

science.A.Little

they

realized

B.

They

had

realized

littleC.Little

did

they

realize

D.

Little

had

they

realized

16.

______

that

I

couldn’t

be

absorbed

in

the

work.A.

They

made

such

talked

B.

So

loudly

they

talkedC.

It

was

noise

outside

D.

Such

a

loud

noise

did

they

make

17.

Many

a

time

_____

me

good

advice.A.

he

gave

B.

does

he

give

C.

he

has

given

D.

has

he

given18.

____

have

I

seen

a

better

performance.A.

Everywhere

B.

Nowhere

else

C.

Everywhere

else

D.

Nowhere19.

Not

a

single

word

____

at

the

beginning.A.

did

he

say

B.

has

he

said

C.

he

said

D.

he

has

said20.

Only

in

an

hour

ago

____

out

why

he

was

absent.A.

did

the

teacher

found

B.

the

teacher

found

C.

did

the

teacher

find

D.

had

the

teacher

found21.

_____the

plane.A.

Flew

down

B.

Down

flew

C.

Down

was

flying

D.

Down

fly22.

Hardly

_____

when

the

bus

suddenly

pulled

away.A.they

had

got

to

the

bus

stop

B.

they

got

to

the

bus

stopC.

did

they

get

to

the

bus

stop

D.

had

they

got

to

the

bus

stop23.

______

I

had

time,

I

would

have

run

round

that

lake

again.A.

If

B.

Unless

C.

Had

D.

When24.

Not

only

______

a

promise

,but

he

also

kept

it.A.

had

he

made

B.

he

had

made

C.

did

he

make

D.

he

makes25.

______

I

would

see

you

here.A.Little

I

dreamed

B.

Little

do

I

dream

C.

I

dreamed

little

D.

Little

did

I

dream26.

There

____

.A.come

they

B.

they

come

C.

they

are

come

D.

they

will

come

27.

______

that

he

could

not

speak

for

a

long

time.A.So

frightened

was

he

B.

So

frightened

he

was

C.

Was

he

so

frightened

D.

Frightened

was

he28.

Only

when

class

began

______

that

he

had

left

his

book

at

home.A.will

he

realize

B.

he

did

realize

C.

did

he

realize

D.

should

he

realize29.

Only

when

you

have

finished

your

homework

_____

go

home.A.

can

you

B.

would

you

C.

you

will

D.

you

can30.

Seldom

____

any

mistakes

during

my

past

few

years

of

working

here.A.

would

I

make

B.

did

I

make

C.

I

did

make

D.

shall

I

make

參考答案1．倒裝句，答案為C。2．狀語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序應(yīng)是正常語(yǔ)序，故A、C排除，連詞however后必須緊跟形容詞或副詞，D是正確答案。3．not

until引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，主句要倒裝，答案為A

。4．本題考查以否定詞開(kāi)頭并修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂語(yǔ)序，這時(shí)原狀語(yǔ)可以是副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，還可以是從句，而主謂的語(yǔ)序?yàn)椴糠值寡b，答案為B。5．本題考查neither

或nor連接句子時(shí)語(yǔ)序的倒裝，答案為B。6．答案為D。7．答案為D。8．hardly...when和no

sooner

...than是兩個(gè)固定句型，前半部分置于句首，其后分句要倒裝，答案為B

。9．答案為B

。10．答案為B。11．only引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)或從句位于句首修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)要部分倒裝，答案為C。12．部分倒裝，答案為A。13．答案為B。14．答案為D。15．副詞little位于句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝，答案為C。16．答案為D。17．many修飾名詞并位于句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝，答案為D。18．答案為D。19．答案為A。20．only修飾介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，并位于句首時(shí),句子要倒裝，答案為C。21．答案為B。22．答案為D。23．虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝形式，答案為C。24．答案為C。25．答案為D。26．there放于句首，主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的位置不變，仍保留陳述句式，答案為B。27．答案為A。28．答案為C。29．only修飾句子的狀語(yǔ)，位于句首，要部分倒裝。only修飾的狀語(yǔ)從句不倒裝，主句要倒裝，答案為A。30．由否定詞never,

not,

hardly,

little,

seldom,

rarely,

nowhere和否定意義的短語(yǔ)in

no

way,

in

no

case,

at

no

time,

by

no

means等引起的句子，常用倒裝語(yǔ)序，答案為B。

六、主謂一致問(wèn)題主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上必須與主語(yǔ)一致。通常有三個(gè)不同角度1,語(yǔ)法一致2,意義一致3,就近原則.語(yǔ)法一致：1．不定式,動(dòng)名詞,以及從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Readingoftenmeanslearning.讀書(shū)常意味是學(xué)習(xí).ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningdoesyoualotofgood.每天早晨朗讀英語(yǔ)好處多.注：若what從句用在"主系表"結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句是含復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)兩可。如果表語(yǔ)是單數(shù),主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)，如果表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。Whatyousayandthinkis/arenobusinessofmine.你怎么說(shuō)以及怎么想，不關(guān)我的事。Whatheboughtwas/weresomebooks.他所買(mǎi)的是幾本書(shū)。Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.事故是由什么引起的完全是個(gè)謎.WhathisfatherlefthimareafewEnglishbooks.他父親留給他的只是幾本英語(yǔ)書(shū)而已.2．不定代詞one,every,each,everybody,everyone,oneof,noone,nothing,nobody,someone,somebody,either,neither,manya等作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)；但在代表可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù)，因而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。Noneofusare(is)perfect.人無(wú)完人。Noneofthisworriesme.這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。Neitherofmysisterslikessports.我的妹妹中沒(méi)人喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng).Manyastudenttakesawalkoncampusafterdinner.許多學(xué)生晚飯后常在校園里散步.Everyboyandgirlshowsgreatinterestinextra-curriculumactivities.每個(gè)男孩和女孩對(duì)課外活動(dòng)都表現(xiàn)出很大的興趣.3．由some,several,both,few,many,anumberof等詞修飾主語(yǔ),或是由它們自身作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)Ontheseashore,somepeopleareplayingvolleyballandsomearelyinginthesun.海邊,有些人在打排球,有些人躺著曬太陽(yáng).Bothofusarefondofwatchingfootballgames.我們倆都喜歡看足球賽.Anumberofwill-begraduatesarevoluntarilygoingtoworkintheWestofChina.許多即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生打算自愿去中國(guó)西部工作.4．a(chǎn)seriesof,akindof,thenumberof,a+名詞+andahalf，oneandahalf+名詞等與名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).但Oneortwomore+復(fù)數(shù)名詞"作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)..Aseriesofhightechnologyproductshasbeenlaidoutintheexhibition.一系列高科技產(chǎn)品已在展覽上展出.Thenumberofprintingmistakesinsomerecentbooksoftensurprisespeopleeventodeath.近來(lái)一些書(shū)籍里印刷錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)量讓人吃驚得要命.Akindofroseinthegardensmellsverypleasant.這座花園里有一種玫瑰香氣怡人.Oneortwopersonsaresenttheretohelpthemdothework.要派一兩個(gè)人到那兒去給他們幫忙注意：aseriesof這是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，表示“一系列”，后面跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞。但其動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)，取決于本短語(yǔ)表示的是一系列“同一種類(lèi)”的事物還是“不同種類(lèi)”的事物。前者用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)；后者用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。

Aseriesofwetdaysspoilsourholiday.（陰雨連綿破壞了我們的假期。）

Thereareaseriesofstrangeobjectsinhissuitcase.（他的提箱里有一些奇怪的東西。）5．有些表示“單位、度量”的短語(yǔ),名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)形式,如:alotof,mostof,anyof,halfof，threefifthsof,eightypercentof,someof,noneof,therestof,allof等后接不可數(shù)名詞,或是單數(shù)形式的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);但如果后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).（即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式根據(jù)of后的名詞）Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋.Alotofmoneyintheshopwasstolenyesterdaywhentheelectricitywassuddenlycutoff.昨天突然斷電時(shí),那家商店丟失了許多錢(qián).AlotofbooksaboutInvestmentFundhavebeenpublishedrecently.最近出版了許多關(guān)于投資基金的書(shū)籍.6）"morethanone+單數(shù)名詞"大多接單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。Morethanonepersonwas(were)absent.不止一個(gè)人缺席。"more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone"接復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。Morestudentsthanonehavebeenthere.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生去過(guò)那兒。"morethantwo(three,…)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞"接復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。Morethanonehundredstudentshaveattendedtheconcert.不止一百名學(xué)生聽(tīng)了這場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。意義一致從意義上決定主謂一致問(wèn)題.有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù),但意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語(yǔ)依意義也用復(fù)數(shù)形式;而有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但意義上卻是單數(shù),那么謂語(yǔ)依意義亦用單數(shù)形式.1）表示國(guó)家,機(jī)構(gòu),事件,作品等名稱(chēng)的專(zhuān)有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).TheUnitedStatesisleadingtheworldinscienceandtechnology.美國(guó)常在世界科技方面領(lǐng)先.TheUnitedNationsplayanimportantroleintheinternationalaffairs.聯(lián)合國(guó)在國(guó)際事務(wù)中起著重要作用2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面接由aswellas,asmuchas,accompaniedby,including,inadditionto,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,togetherwith等引導(dǎo)的詞組（做狀語(yǔ)）時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要依主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定.Thestudents,togetherwiththeirteacher,aregoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.學(xué)生們打算這個(gè)周末與他們的老師一起去野炊.Thewarehouse,withallitsstockings,wasburnedlastnight.昨晚,那個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)連同其所有的貨物一起被燒毀了.3)表示時(shí)間,金錢(qián),距離,體積,重量,面積,數(shù)字等詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其意義若是指總量應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);但如果其意義是指"有多少數(shù)量"則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù).Fourweeksareoftenapproximatelyregardedasonemonth.人們常大約地將四個(gè)星期看成一個(gè)月.Twentyyearsstandsforalongperiodinone'slife.二十年在人的一生里意味著一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期.Eightydollarsareenoughforastudenttospendonfoodforoneweek.八十塊錢(qián)給一個(gè)學(xué)生吃一個(gè)月的伙食是足夠的了.4)形容詞前加定冠詞即"the+形容詞"作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其意義若是指?jìng)€(gè)人或是抽象概念應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);但如果其意義是指一類(lèi)人則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù)。Theyoung,ontheonehand,oftenthinkoftheoldconservative.Ontheotherhand,theoldalwaysconsidertheyounginexperience.一方面,青年人常認(rèn)為老年人保守;另一方面,老年人總是認(rèn)為青年人沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn).Inmanystories,thegoodarewellrewardedandthebadaredoomedtounfortunate.在許多故事里,好人總是有好報(bào);壞人注定要倒霉.5)當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)在意義上指同一人,同一物,同一事或者同一概念時(shí),應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).另外,當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)形容詞去修飾一個(gè)單數(shù)形式的主語(yǔ)時(shí),其實(shí)是指兩種不同的事物,主語(yǔ)則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù).Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平是一個(gè)歷史永恒的主題.ChineseandJapanesesilkareofgoodquality.中國(guó)絲綢和日本絲綢質(zhì)量都很好.6)集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)的意義:主語(yǔ)表示整體時(shí)視為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);主語(yǔ)表示集體中的個(gè)體成員時(shí)視為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).這類(lèi)集體名詞常見(jiàn)的有:army,audience,cattle,class,club,committee,crowd,family,government,group,majority,minority,part,people,police,public,staff,team等等,其中cattle,people,police一般看成復(fù)數(shù)形式.Thefamilyareallfondoffootball.那一家人都喜歡足球.Thefamilyisthetiniestcellofthesociety.家庭是社會(huì)的最小的細(xì)胞.Thepublichaseveryreasontobecautiousofprofessionaldeception.人民大眾完全有理由謹(jǐn)防職業(yè)騙局.Thepublicnowcometoknowthewholestory.人們現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越清楚那是怎么回事了.7）有些表示成雙成對(duì)的詞，常常只用復(fù)數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞一律用復(fù)數(shù)，也不能用不定冠詞。通常使用"apairof"。這樣的詞有：eyeglasses,pants,scissors,shoes,shorts,socks,stockings,trousers等。8）學(xué)科名詞一般用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。但是，表具體的學(xué)業(yè)、活動(dòng)時(shí)，多用作復(fù)數(shù)。economics,electronics,mathematics,politics等等。

Politicsisagoodtopicfordiscussion.（政治是談?wù)摰暮妙}目。）

Economicshasfascinatedme.（我迷上了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。）

Hermathematicsareweak.她數(shù)學(xué)差。（指“學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)、能力”）Whatareyourpolitiscs?你的政治觀點(diǎn)如何？Athleticshavebeengreatlyencouragedatthiscollege.9）有些名詞具有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但其實(shí)是單數(shù)意義，有自己的復(fù)數(shù)形式。其用法與一般名詞相同，單數(shù)時(shí)可以使用不定冠詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。chaos-chaoses（瑣事，雜亂）,campus-campuses（校園）,chorus-choruses（合唱隊(duì)）,status-statuses（身份、地位）,virus-viruses（病毒）,analysis-analyses（分析）,basis-bases（基礎(chǔ)）,crisis-crises（危機(jī)）,hypothesis-hypotheses（假設(shè)）,等。

Therewaschaoseverywhereinthetownaftertheearthquake.（地震后，城內(nèi)一片混亂。）10）復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，crossroads(十字路口；聚焦點(diǎn)),barracks(兵營(yíng)),headquarters(總部),means(方法，手段),species(種類(lèi)，品種),series(系列),works(工廠)等，其動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于兩點(diǎn)：a)取決于限定詞：

Everymeanshasbeentriedbutwithoutmuchresult.各種方法都試過(guò)，可沒(méi)有多大效果。

Theseworkshavebeenclosedsincethebeginningofthisyearduetothestrikeoftheworkers.由于工人罷工，這些工廠從今年年初起就一直停工。b)取決于上下文內(nèi)容、作者所要表達(dá)的意思、特指還是泛指：

Are/Isthereanyothermeansofsolvingtheproblem?還有什么其它解題的方法嗎？這里可以用are表示其它方法，也可以用is表示和現(xiàn)在所用的方法相對(duì)比的另一種方法。

OurTVseriesaremuchbetterthanthoseofJapan.我國(guó)的電視劇比日本的好得多。（泛指）

11）百分?jǐn)?shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+of+可數(shù)名詞（或不可數(shù)名詞）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；百分?jǐn)?shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Twentypercentoftheworkersinthefactoryarewomen.這個(gè)工廠里百分之二十是女工。Altogethermorethan70percentofthesurfaceofourplanetiscoveredbywater.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我們這個(gè)行星的表面有百分之七十是為水覆蓋的12)數(shù)學(xué)上的加、減、乘、除的規(guī)律是：加法和乘法的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)皆可；而減法和除法的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用單數(shù)。

Oneplus/andoneis/aretwo.（一加一等于二。）

Tentimeszerois/arezero.（10乘0等于0。）

Tenminusthreeisseven.（10減3等于7。）

Tenintofiftyisfive.（50除以10等于5。）注意：Twotensmake/makestwenty.（兩個(gè)10得20。）

Twotensaretwenty.（兩個(gè)10得20。）

在這兩個(gè)例句里，動(dòng)詞make既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。但如果用be動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)，則只能用復(fù)數(shù)。13）群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作復(fù)數(shù)。NiagaraFallsareasplendidscene.尼亞加拉瀑布是一個(gè)壯麗的景象.TheWestIndies就近原則(PrincipleofProximity)這一原則是指,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)常常與最近作主語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)保持一致.常出現(xiàn)在這類(lèi)句子中的連詞有:therebe句型，or,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…，notjust…but…,等.Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.不是我,就是他們要對(duì)那件事的結(jié)局負(fù)責(zé)任.Neithertheunkindwordsnortheunfriendlyattitudehascausedmeanydistress.既不是那些不友好的話(huà),也不是那不友好的態(tài)度讓我沮喪.Notonlyhebutalsoallhisfamilyarekeenonconcerts.不僅僅是他,而且是他全家人都很熱衷于音樂(lè)會(huì).Neitherhisfamilynorheknowsanythingaboutit.他全家人和他都不知道那件事.當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致.另：某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)：

agreatmany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)

manya+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)

謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

anumberof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)

thenumberof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

themajorityof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)

each/every+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)

謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

neither/eitherof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

morethanone+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)

謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

oneandahalf+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

thegreaterpartof/alargeproportionof/50%of

/onethirdof/plentyof/therestof

謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)與of后面的名詞一致練習(xí)1.There______diedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.A.hundredspeople B.hundredpeopleC.hundredspeoples D.hundredpeoples2.Eitheryouorthepresident_______theprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.A.ishandingout B.aretohandoutC.arehandingout D.istohandout3.I,who______yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.A.am B.is C.are D.be4.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2008______inBeijingofChina,which______knowntousall.A.istohold;is B.istobeheld;wasC.aretohold;is D.aretobeheld;is5.There_____alotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep_____up.A.were;it B.are;themC.was;it D.is;them6.Threemilliontonsofcoal______everyyearinthecity.A.isexploited B.areexploitedC.hadexploited D.haveexploited7.StoriesoftheLongMarch_______popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.A.is B.was C.are D.were8.Mathematics_______thelanguageofscience.A.are B.aregoingtobe C.is D.istobe9.Bothriceandwheat_____growninourcountry.A.is B.are C.was D.were10.________eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.Have B.Had C.Has D.Is11.Whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneed________goodbooks.A.is B.are C.have D.has12.Thewholefamily_______TVattentively.A.arewatching B.iswatchingC.isseeing D.areseeing13.Nothingbutseveralglasses________boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.A.was B.were C.havebeen D.wouldbe14.Atthebusstop______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.A.were B.was C.is D.sits15.Iflawandorder______,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.A.arenotpreserved B.isnotpreservedC.werepreserved D.havenotbeenpreserved16.There______littlechangeinthatmiddleschool.A.have B.had C.havebeen D.hasbeen17.Whatsuchasunsetis______strangetousall.A.goingtobe B./ C.is D.that18.Seventy-fivepercentoftheearth’ssurface______withwater.A.iscovered B.iscovering C.werecovered D.arecovered19.Thefollowing______someothermentaldiseases.A.being B.are C.was D.were20.NotonlyyoubutalsoI______abletohelphimout.A.are B.is C.am D.were21.“TheKites”______usastoryofthekite’shistory.A.havetold B.tells C.weretold D.wastold22.YouandI_____twinsisters.A.were B.are C.is D.am23.AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher_______ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkers.A.aretelling B.istelling C.aregiven D.weregiven24.Thousandsoftonsofrubbish________overalargeperiodoftime.A.rotsaway B.rotaway C.hasrottedaway D.arerottedaway25.Mayoraswellasvolunteerworkers_______thenewly-builtstadium.A.iscleaning B.arecleaning C.werecleaning D.havecleaned26.Manyastudent______somethingaboutAbrahamLincoln.A.haveknown B.knowsC.isknown D.areknown27.Thedefenceworks______builtlongagotokeeptheenemyaway.A.were B.hasbeenC.hadbeen D.was28.“Haveyouallstudiedthepassage‘UsingtheMindagainstDisease’？”“______.”A.Nobodyofushas B.NobodyofushaveC.Noneofushas D.Noneofusdid29.AgroupofItaliansoldiers______quicklytowardstheirposition.A.wereadvancing B.wereadvancedC.wasadvancing D.advancing30.Everyone,menandwomen,oldandyoung______sportsandgames.A.isenjoy B.wereenjoyingC.enjoys D.enjoy答案：1.解析：選B.hundred一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)不加-s2.解析：選D.當(dāng)either…or連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上和后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致?！癰e+不定式”表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。3.解析：選A.who為引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞是I,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用am.4.解析：選D.主語(yǔ)theOlympicGames意為：奧運(yùn)會(huì)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用非第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式；后半部分為which引導(dǎo)的非限制情定語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。5.解析：選C.therebe句型中be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)，alotofrubbish(不可數(shù)名詞)，因此后面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。6.解析：選A.主語(yǔ)為coal,是不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)題意，此處要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。7.解析：選A.主語(yǔ)StoriesoftheLongMarch是書(shū)名，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。8.解析：選C.此處mathematics為學(xué)科名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。9.解析：選B.bothand連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用非第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。10.解析：選C.e