2024年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：主旨大意題（閱讀理解題解析版）

專題08主旨大意題通關(guān)練

主旨大意題解題策略

名校優(yōu)選專項(xiàng)通關(guān)練

【解題策略】

主旨大意題是要求考生在閱讀和理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)行歸納、概括或評(píng)價(jià)。解答此類題型時(shí)，

不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，比如關(guān)于title和mainidea類題都需要在閱讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合

文化背景知識(shí)、語言知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)等進(jìn)行邏輯推理和判斷，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)文中隱含的信息。

從命題形式看:常見的有標(biāo)題類和主旨大意類。

標(biāo)題類解題策略

特點(diǎn)：

1.醒目性:充分引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。

2.概括性:準(zhǔn)確而又簡(jiǎn)短。

3.WB：標(biāo)題外延與文章內(nèi)容剛好相符。

方法：

1.中心句法:利用主題中心句中的主題詞作標(biāo)題。

2.整合法:將文章的寫作對(duì)象和其主要特點(diǎn)、意義或影響整合后作標(biāo)題。

文章大意類解題策略

特點(diǎn)：不同體裁文章主題句的常見位置不同，其作用各不相同。

位置：

1.苴段（新聞報(bào)道、說明文、議論文）。起到開宗明義，點(diǎn)明主題，使讀者一開始就明白文章的內(nèi)

容及主旨。

2.末段（記敘文、議論文）。起到照應(yīng)開頭、總結(jié)全文、升華主題的作用。在最后對(duì)全文進(jìn)行概括

和總結(jié)，進(jìn)一步明確文章的中心思想，使作者的觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)得更清楚。

3.備段：各段主題句整合即文章大意。借助各個(gè)段落的主題句，然后對(duì)其進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而概

括出文章的主題或中心思想。。

4.高頻詞:當(dāng)文章或段落中沒有明確的主題句時(shí)，可以從段落中尋找反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的高頻詞，即中心詞，

也能提煉出文章的主旨大意。

5.線索：記敘文類文章都有一個(gè)主線，如，一個(gè)有趣的人或一件難忘的事等。全文圍繞該主線組織

材料。分析文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，把握文章的主線，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，即可歸納出文章的主

旨大意。

正確選項(xiàng)特征：

1.覆蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。

2.范圍不大也不小。

3.精確性強(qiáng)，不改變語言的色彩和表達(dá)的程度。

錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征：

1.過于籠統(tǒng)，范圍過大。

2.以偏概全，主次不分。

3.偷換概念，張冠李戴。

4.無中生有，主觀臆斷。

【名校優(yōu)選專項(xiàng)通關(guān)練】

1.（2024?浙江杭州?學(xué)軍中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）

TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesbychangingthewayinwhichinformationisspread,

byalteringpoliticalcampaigns,andbychangingcitizen'spatternsofresponsetopolitics.Bygivingcitizens

independentaccesstothecandidates,televisionreducedtheroleofthepoliticalpartyintheselectionofthemajor

partycandidates.Bycenteringpoliticsonthepersonofthecandidate,televisionacceleratedthecitizen'sfocuson

characterratherthanissues.

Televisionhasalteredtheformsofpoliticalcommunicationaswell.Themessagesonwhichmostofusrely

arebrieferthantheyoncewere.Thestumpspeech,apoliticalspeechgivenbytravelingpoliticiansandlasting1to

2hours,whichwaspopularinthenineteenth-century,hasgivenwaytothe30-secondadvertisementandthe10

second"soundbite“inbroadcastnews.Increasinglytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthe

politicianbutrathertheviewingaudiencewhowillhearandseeashortvideoofthespeechonthenews.

Inthesesimplifiedforms,muchofwhatcomprisedthetraditionalpoliticalspeechofearlierageshasbeen

lost.In15or30seconds,aspeakercannotestablishthehistoricalcontextthatshapedtheissueinquestion,cannot

detailtheprobablecausesoftheproblem,andcannotexaminealternativeproposalstoarguethatoneispreferable

toothers.Inshortvideos,politiciansassert（斷言）butdonotargue.

Becausetelevisionisanintimate（親密的）medium,speakingthroughitrequiresachangedpoliticalstyle

thatismoreconversational,personal,andvisualthanthatoftheold-stylestumpspeech.Relianceontelevision

meansthatincreasinglyourpoliticalworldcontainsmemorablepicturesratherthanmemorablewords.Schools

teachustoanalyzewordsandprint.However,inaworldinwhichpoliticsisincreasinglyvisual,informed

citizenshiprequiresanewsetofskills.

Recognizingthepoweroftelevision'spictures,politicianscrafttelevisual,stagedeventsdesignedtoattract

mediacoverage.Muchofthepoliticalactivityweseeontelevisionnewshasbeencraftedbypoliticians,their

speechwriters,andtheirpublicrelationsadvisersfortelevisedconsumption.Soundbitesinnewsandanswersto

questionsindebatesincreasinglysoundlikeadvertisements.

Whafsthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Television:anAgentofChangeinPolitics

B.Television:aPlatformforPoliticalDebate

C.Television:anAlternativetoStumpSpeech

D.Television:aNewMediumforCommunication

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第一段“TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesby

changingthewayinwhichinformationisspread,byalteringpoliticalcampaigns,andbychangingcitizen's

patternsofresponsetopolitics.（電視改變了信息傳播的方式，改變了政治運(yùn)動(dòng)，改變了公民對(duì)政治的反應(yīng)模

式，從而改變了美國(guó)的政治）''可知，文章主要說明了電視改變了政治的傳播以及交流形式。如今的政治演

講比過去更像廣告。A選項(xiàng)“電視：政治變革的推動(dòng)者”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。

2.（2024?浙江嘉興?海寧市高級(jí)中學(xué)校考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）

July2023wastheworld'swarmestmonthonrecord,accordingtotheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization.

UNSecretary-GeneralAntonioGuterressaidinaspeechthattheplanetisenteringan"eraofglobalboiling^^.

Howtocooltheplanethaslongbeenatroublingquestionforscientists.Theyarenowturningtosun-blocking

technology,whichreferstoreflectingsunlightbackintospaceinordertokeepdownthetemperatureofthe

planefsclimate.

AccordingtoEuronews,aEuropeantelevisionnewsnetwork,oneideainvolvespumpingsun-blocking

particles（粒子）intotheupperatmosphere.Theparticleswillthenstayintheairandredirectsunshineback

upwards.ItislikeapplyingsunscreenontheoutsideofEarth.ResearchersatYaleUniversity,US,outlinedaplan

touse125high-flyingplanestospreadtheparticlesatlatitudes（緯度）of60degreesnorthandsouth.The

particleswillthentraveltowardthepoles,whichcouldpossiblycoolthetemperaturethereby2℃.

Anotherverypromisingtechniqueiscalled“cloudbrightening”,accordingtoChrisSacca,aUSclimate

expert.Thismethodinvolvessendingseasaltparticlesintocloudsabovethesea,makingthemwhiterandthus

theyreflectmoresunlightbackintospace.

InJune,theUSgovernmentannouncedinareportthatitwasofferingsupportforsolarengineeringresearch

asawaytoslowtheriseofglobaltemperatures.Accordingtothereport,theUSgovernmentbelievesthatthe

technology"offersthepossibilityofcoolingtheplanetsignificantlyinafewyears”.

However,followingthereport,anopenletterbymorethan60scientistscalledforcautionandmoreresearch

first.KristenRasmussen,aclimatescientistatColoradoStateUniversity,US,hasbeenstudyinghowthese

sun-blockingmethodswillaffectrainfallpatterns.Shesaidthatapartfromrainfall,ecosystemsandevenhuman

communitieswouldalsobeaffected."Weneedtobeverycautiousonthis,^^RasmussentoldScientificAmerican.

Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.CoolingOurPlanetB.EraofGlobalBoiling

C.PumpingBlockingParticlesD.TheTechniqueofCloudBrightening

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第一段"Howtocooltheplanethaslongbeenatroublingquestionfor

scientists.Theyarenowturningtosun-blockingtechnology,whichreferstoreflectingsunlightbackintospacein

ordertokeepdownthetemperatureoftheplanefsclimate.（如何給地球降溫一直是困擾科學(xué)家的一個(gè)問題。他

們現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)向了太陽阻擋技術(shù)，這是指將陽光反射回太空，以降低地球氣候的溫度）”可知，文章主要介紹了

應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的方法——使用這樣技術(shù)，即將太陽光反射回太空以降低地球氣候的溫度。A選項(xiàng)“給地球

降溫”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。

3.（2023?江蘇無錫?高三無錫市第一中學(xué)校考）

“Twelveyearsago,Iwasaprofessionaldancerandblackbeltintaekwondo（跆拳道）whenadiseasewent

undiagnosedandwipedoutmymuscularsystem.Ifinallyendeduponlifesupportinintensivecarewithorgan

failure.Kaufmanrecalled,“IwentfromlivingthisbiglifetonotknowinghowIwasgoingtosurvive.

Fortunately,onmybirthdayin2009,1receivedanewheartandwasgivenasecondchanceatlife!^^

AftervolunteeringinLosAngeleshospitals,Kaufmanstartedthenon-profit,Ava'sHeart.Sheandher

organizationofferedtransplantpatientsservicesthatwereoftennotcoveredbyinsurance,includingfood,gas,

co-paysonmedicines,andhousing.

“WhatIfoundoutwasthatifyoudidn'thavepost-transplant-housing,youcouldn'tgetlistedandadmitted

intothehospital,“Kaufmansaid.Sheleanedthatforthenearly110,000peopleintheUSwaitingforalifesaving

organtransplant,itwasnotjustamatterofaddingyournametothelist.Patientsmustbefinanciallysecureandbe

abletoaffordtransportation.Whafsmore,theymustfindaccommodationsneartheirtransplanthospital:

Kaufmanrunstwohousinglocations,whichallowsthepatientstoremainclosetotheirtransplanthospitalduring

theperiodoftheiraftercare,typicallyaboutthreemonthsatnocost.

Herorganizationalsohelpsdonorfamilies,whichshethinksmakesthewholecirclecomplete.t6Oneorgan

donorcansaveeightlivesandthenthere'stissueandskinandeyesandbloodvessels（血管）andsomanyother

things,Kaufmansaid."Thedonoristhewholestory.Withoutthedonor,therearenotransplantcenters,no

transplantsurgeons,nome.Inmyeyes,thedonorsaretheheroes.9,

Todate,Ava'sHearthashelpednearly90familieswithburialcostsfortheirlovedoneswhoseorganshave

savedcountlesslives.Kaufmanalsoworkscloselywiththosewhoreceivedonationstobuildrelationshipswith

donorfamiliesandspreadawarenessabouttheimportanceoforgandonation.

Whatmessagedoesthetextmainlyconvey?

A.Ifsbettertogivethantoreceive.

B.Theblessedbeartheheartofgiving.

C.Healthmattersmuchmorethanwealth.

D.Volunteeringmakestheworldabetterplace.

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。由尾段“Todate,Ava'sHearthashelpednearly90familieswithburialcostsfortheirloved

oneswhoseorganshavesavedcountlesslives.Kaufmanalsoworkscloselywiththosewhoreceivedonationsto

buildrelationshipswithdonorfamiliesandspreadawarenessabouttheimportanceoforgandonation."（迄今為止,

Ava5sHeart已經(jīng)幫助了近90個(gè)家庭，為他們的親人支付了喪葬費(fèi)用，他們的器官挽救了無數(shù)生命。考夫

曼還與接受捐贈(zèng)的人密切合作，與捐贈(zèng)者家庭建立關(guān)系，并傳播對(duì)器官捐贈(zèng)重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)。）并聯(lián)系全文

可知，Kaufman有愛心、懂得感恩，她獲得保佑，獲得了別人捐贈(zèng)的器官而重獲新生，所以本文的中心思

想是“懂得奉獻(xiàn)的人會(huì)被保佑”。故選B項(xiàng)。

4.（2024?江蘇徐州?高三徐州市第七中學(xué)階段練習(xí)）

Intheanimalkingdom,mimics（模仿）arenotrare.Stickinsectspretendtobetwigs.Hawkmothcaterpillars

resemblepoisonoussnakes.Theexamples,though,arevisual.Auditorymimicryisrarer.DaniloRussoofthe

UniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovelcaseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Some

bats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.

Dr.Russofirstnoticedbatbuzzingafewyearsago.Thenoisestruckhimassimilartothesoundofsome

bees.Hewonderedwhetherbatbuzzingwasaformofmimicrywhichhelpedtoscareoffwould-bepredators.

Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbatsmade.Then,with

protectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadebydifferentbees.

Computeranalysisrevealedthatbees'andbats'buzzingwere,indeed,similar.

Thentheresearchersrecruitedseveralowls.Theyputtheowls,oneatatime,inanenclosurewithbranches

forthemtostayon,andtwoboxeswithholesinthem.Theyplacedaloudspeakeralongsideoneoftheboxesand,

afterthebirdshadsettledin,broadcastthroughitfivesecondsofuninterruptedbatbuzzingandasimilaramount

ofinsectbuzzingthreetimesinarowforeachnoise.Asacontrol,theybroadcastinlikemannerseveral

non-buzzingsoundsmadebybats.

Duringthebroadcastsandforfiveminutesthereafter,theyvideoedtheowls.Afteranalysis,theresultswere

unequivocal.Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,theowlsmovedasfarfromthespeakers

astheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,theycreptcloser.

Dr.Russobelievesthisisthefirstreportedcaseofamammalusingauditorymimicrytoscareawaya

predator.Theystronglysuspect,however,thatitisnotunique.Anecdotessuggestseveralbirdsalsomakebuzzing

noiseswhentheirnestsaredisturbed.Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditory

mimicryisfarmorewidespreadthancurrentlyrealized.

16.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AnimalMimicry:Buzzoff

B.Bats:NoMoreVictimtoOwls

C.ASelf-protectionBehavioramongAnimals

D.ANewTricktoScareAwayOwls

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareaway

owlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.（他認(rèn)為，有些蝙蝠會(huì)模仿憤怒的蜜蜂，以嚇跑可能會(huì)吃掉它們的貓頭鷹

以及最后一段中“Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditorymimicryisfarmore

widespreadthancurrentlyrealized.（根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，他因此預(yù)測(cè)聽覺模仿比目前認(rèn)識(shí)到的要廣泛得多。）”可

知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)一些動(dòng)物會(huì)模仿其他動(dòng)物的聲音，嚇跑潛在的敵人。A項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物

模仿：（敵人）滾開”符合主題，故選A項(xiàng)。

5.（2024上?江蘇揚(yáng)州?高三揚(yáng)州中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）

Hibernation

Butspeciesdon'tstayintheircold,sleepingstateforthedurationoftheirdormantperiod.About80percent

oftheirenergyisspentintermittently（|間歇地）wakingandwarmingup.Whytheydothisis“oneofthegreatest

mysteries^^ofthefield,saysThomasRu￡aprofessorofanimalphysiologyattheUniversityofVeterinary

MedicineinVienna.Somethinktheyneedtoturnbackontheirimmunesystemstofightdisease,whileothers

thinktheymaysimplyawakensotheycansleep.

Onebirdandavarietyofamphibians（兩棲動(dòng)物），reptilesandinsectsalsoexhibithibernation-likestates.

Thereisevenatleastonefish-theAntarcticcod-thatslowsdownitsmetabolisminwinter,becoming20

timeslessactive.And,ofcourse,therearelotsofmammals.Whilebearsmightbethefirstthatcometomind,

mostmammalianhibematorsareonthesmallerside."Theaveragehibematorweighsonly70grams,,,saysRuf.

Thafsbecauselittlebodieshavehighsurfaceareatovolumeratios,makingitmoretaxingforthemtostaywarm

incoldweather-sotheyneedtheseasonalenergysavingsmorethanlargeranimals.

Thelastparagraphmainlydiscusses.

A.whencertainanimalshibernateB.whatkindsofanimalshibernate

C.whysomeanimalshibernateD.howanimalshibernate

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容，特別是根據(jù)“Onebirdandavarietyofamphibians（兩棲動(dòng)物），

reptilesandinsectsalsoexhibithibernation-likestates.Thereisevenatleastonefish——theAntarcticcod——that

slowsdownitsmetabolisminwinter,becoming20timeslessactive.And,ofcourse,therearelotsofmammals.9,

可知，有的鳥、魚、各種兩棲動(dòng)物、爬行動(dòng)物、昆蟲以及很多哺乳動(dòng)物都會(huì)進(jìn)入冬眠狀態(tài)，因此本段主要

講的是哪些動(dòng)物需要冬眠，故B項(xiàng)正確。

6.（2024上?湖南長(zhǎng)沙?高三長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)?？计谀?/p>

Wanttoknowwhatiscomingsoontoacinemanearyou?Probablynota1.5-hour-longmovie,asintheold

days.OnOctober20thcomesKillersoftheFlowerMoon.Atnearlythreeandahalfhours,itslengthisnearly

doublethatoftheaveragefilmlastyear.Evenmoviefansstruggletoconcentrateforthatlongandsomeviewers

evennodoff.Afterwardsthereisamaddashforthetoilets.Whendoeswatchingafilmbecomesuchaslog?

TheEconomistanalyzedover100,000featurefilmsreleasedinternationallysincethe1930s,thestartof

Hollywood'sgoldenage,usingdatafromIMDb,amoviedatabase.Theaveragelengthofproductionsroseby

around24%,fromonehourand21minutesinthe1930stoonehourand47minutesin2022.Fortheten

most-populartitles,theaveragelengthgrewtoaroundtwoandahalfhoursin2022,nearly50%higherthaninthe

1930s.

Onedriverofthistrendisthatstudioswanttosqueezethemostoutoftheircostlyintellectualproperty（知識(shí)

產(chǎn)權(quán)），buttheyarecompetingwithstreamingplatformsforeyeballs.Thehopeisthataspectacular,drawn-out

“event“moviewilldrawaudiencesawayfromthesmallscreenandintocinemas.Thisapproachhasoftenpaidoff:

Avengers:EndgameMarveFsthree-hoursuperheromasterpieces,wasthehighest-grossing（票房最高的）filmin

2019.Lastyearlongmoviesseriesmadeupmostofthehighest-grossingfilmsinAmerica.

Anotherexplanationforlongerfilmshastodowithdirectors5growinginfluence.Whowoulddaretellthe

likesofMr.Nolantocutouthismasterpieces?Moreover,streamingplatforms,whichdonothavetoworryas

muchaboutthelengthbecauseviewerscanpausewhenevertheylike,mayattractbignamesbypromisingthem

sufficientfundandcreativefreedom.Netflixfundedandreleasedthree-hourTheIrishmanin2019,afilmthat

wouldhavebenefitedfromadecisiveeditor,Irishorotherwise.

Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?

A.MovieEnthusiastsB.MovieMarathons

C.MovieProductionD.MovieInfluence

【答案】B

［解析］主旨大意題。根據(jù)第——段"Wanttoknowwhatiscomingsoontoacinemanearyou?Probablynota

1.5-hour-longmovie,asintheolddays.OnOctober20thcomesKillersoftheFlowerMoon.Atnearlythreeanda

halfhours,itslengthisnearlydoublethatoftheaveragefilmlastyear.Evenmoviefansstruggletoconcentrate

forthatlongandsomeviewersevennodoff.Afterwardsthereisamaddashforthetoilets.Whendoeswatching

afilmbecomesuchaslog?（想知道你附近的電影院即將上映什么電影嗎?可能不會(huì)像過去那樣是一部1.5

小時(shí)長(zhǎng)的電影。10月20日上映的《花月殺手》。該片時(shí)長(zhǎng)近三個(gè)半小時(shí)，幾乎是去年平均時(shí)長(zhǎng)的兩倍。即

使是影迷也很難在這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)集中注意力，一些觀眾甚至?xí)蝽?。之后，人們瘋狂地沖向廁所。什么時(shí)

候看電影變成了一件苦差事？）”及下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了電影的時(shí)長(zhǎng)變得越來越長(zhǎng)這一現(xiàn)象，并

分析了出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“MovieMarathons（電影馬拉松）”適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選

B項(xiàng)。

7.（2023?湖南?高三湖南師大附中校考）

BenFrancisdidn'tbecomewealthythroughafamilyinheritance（遺產(chǎn)）.Instead,theCEOandco-founderof

GymsharkusedhisearningsasaPizzaHutdeliveryguytobuyasewingmachineandstarthisfitnessapparel

companyat19.

Elevenyearslater,hisadolescentstrategyliterallypaidoff.Francis,30,whohasareportednetworthof$1.3

billion,joinedForbes'billionaireslist.He'sinrarecompany:Thelisfsaverageageis65yearsold.

Originally,Francisandco-founderLewisMorganlaunchedGymsharkasawebsitesellingfitness

supplements.Butaftergettingfedupwithhisill-fittingclothes,Francissuggestedpivotingthecompany.

FrancisandMorganboughtasewingmachine.ThepairbroughtGymsharktoabodybuildingexhibitionin

2013.butdidn'thaveanymoneytospendonadvertising.Onawhim（一時(shí)興起），theydecidedtogivepopular

fitnessYouTubersfreeproducts.t6MyheroeswereonYouTube.4<Francissaid."Soitwouldbesocoolifmy

heroescouldcometobewithGymsharkatthisevent.Ididn'treallythinkthatmuchaboutit."Someofthose

influencerswentontoweartheapparelontheirchannels,launchingGymshark'sIsalesto$1,000perday,up

fromjust$450.

FranosquittheCEOrolein2017."CEOwasnottherightroleformewhenIwasinmyearly20.“Francis

said."ThatI'dstartedabusinessthathadgrownveryquicklydidn'tmeanIwasthemostcompetentchief

executive.aaHespentthenextfouryearssupportingleadershiproleswithinGymshark-includingchiefproduct

officerandchiefmarketingofficer-tolearnmoreabouttheinsandoutsofthebusiness,before,returningas

CEOin2021.

Thatyear,thecompanywasvaluedat1.45billion.Still,thecompany'sbillion-dollarvaluationisasmall

percentageofthemarketvalueofcompetitorslikeNikeandLululemon.6<IreallythinkGymsharkcanbetheU.

K/sanswertothosebrands/9Francissaid."ButthafsnotsayingthattheU.K.iswhereitstartsandendsforus.

Wealsowanttobeatrulyglobalbrand.

Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Gymshark:Fromawebsitetoabigcompany

B.Francis:FromaPizzaHutdeliveryguytoabillionaire

C.Francis:StartingtheU.K/sfastest-growingcompany

D.Gymshark:Takingtheleadinfitnessclothing

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了BenFrancis從必勝客外賣小哥到億萬富翁、打造運(yùn)動(dòng)網(wǎng)紅品牌Gym

shark的歷程，文章第一段講到"BenFrancisdidn'tbecomewealthythroughafamilyinheritance（遺產(chǎn)）.Instead,

theCEOandco-founderofGymsharkusedhisearningsasaPizzaHutdeliveryguytobuyasewingmachineand

starthisfitnessapparelcompanyat19.（本?弗朗西斯并不是通過家族遺產(chǎn)致富的。相反，Gymshark的首席執(zhí)

行官兼聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人在19歲時(shí)用必勝客外賣員的收入買了一臺(tái)縫紉機(jī)，創(chuàng)辦了他的健身服裝公司。戶可知，

本文的最佳標(biāo)題是“弗朗西斯：從必勝客外賣員到億萬富翁”。故選B。

8.（2024上?湖南衡陽?高三衡陽市八中?？计谀?/p>

AnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia（UBC）andtheUniversityofVictoriahas

shownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.

“Formanydecades,scientiststhoughtthebrainmaybeprotectedfromtheharmfuleffectsofairpollution,

saidseniorstudyauthorDr.ChrisCarlsten.t4Thisstudy,whichisthefirstofitskindintheworld,providesfresh

evidencesupportingaconnectionbetweenairpollutionandcognition.

Forthestudy,theresearchersbrieflyexposed25healthyadultstodieselexhaust（柴油廢氣）andfilteredair

atdifferenttimesinalaboratorysetting.Brainactivitywasmeasuredbeforeandaftereachexposureusing

functionalmagneticresonanceimaging（fMRI）.

Theresearchersanalyzedchangesinthebrain'sdefaultmodenetwork（DMN）,asetofinter-connectedbrain

regionsthatplayanimportantroleinmemoryandinternalthought.ThefMRIrevealedthatparticipantshad

decreasedfunctionalconnectivityinwidespreadregionsoftheDMNafterexposuretodieselexhaust,compared

tofilteredair.

“WeknowthatalteredfunctionalconnectivityintheDMNhasbeenassociatedwithreducedcognitive

performanceandsymptomsofdepression,soifsconcerningtoseetrafficpollutioninterruptingthesesame

networks,saidDr.JodieGawryluk,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofVictoriaandthestudy'sfirst

author."'Whilemoreresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthefunctionalimpactsofthesechanges,it'spossible

thattheymayimpair（損害）people'sthinkingorabilitytowork.”

Notably,thechangesinthebrainweretemporaryandparticipants5connectivityreturnedtonormalafterthe

exposure.Dr.Carlstenassumedthattheeffectscouldbelonglastingwhereexposureiscontinuous.Hesaidthat

peopleshouldbemindfuloftheairthey'rebreathingandtakeappropriatestepstominimizetheirexposureto

potentiallyharmfulairpollutantslikecarexhaust.

Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ARoleOfBrainWillBeRuined

B.TrafficPollutionMayImpairBrainFunction

C.AFamousUKUniversityDidAVitalStudy

D.ASourceOfPollutionHasDrawnPeople'sAttention

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“AnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritish

Columbia（UBC）andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamage

humanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.（英屬哥倫比亞大學(xué)（UBC）和維多利亞大學(xué)的研究人員進(jìn)行的

一項(xiàng)新研究表明，普通水平的交通污染可以在幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)損害人類的大腦功能。）”可知，文章主要介紹了

一項(xiàng)新研究，該研究表明普通水平的交通污染可以在幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)損害人類的大腦功能。故選B。

9.（2023?湖北荊州?高三湖北省松滋市第一中學(xué)校考）

Mosthealthexpertswouldagreethateatingmeat——especiallyredmeat——inlargequantitiesisn'tgoodfor

us,ortheplanet.Studiespointtoanincreasedriskofheartdiseaseandcancercorrelatingtoourmeat-heavydiets.

Meanwhile,manufacturersarebusyproducingincreasinglytastyandmoremeat-likeproductsthatmatchthereal

things——makingtheswitchfromeatinganimalsseemlikeano-brainer.Butarethesefakemeatproductsany

healthierforus?

JinanBanna,adietitianandnutritionprofessorattheUniversityofHawaiisaysthatsomefakemeatproducts

canbeconsidered"ultra-processed“foods."Thatmeanstheygothroughmultipleprocessesandhavealotof

addedingredients（配料）Jshesaid."Analternativeburger,forexample,mighthavequiteabitofsodium（鈉），as

wellasadditives.^^Someoftheseadditivesareonthemarketforawhilebeforethescientificcommunity

determinesthemtobeharmful,Bannaadded."Anytimeyouseealonglistofingredients,including"natural

flavors9,takeitasawarningsign.Inotherwords,eschewproductswithlengthyingredientlists,“saidSofiaPopov,

amicrobiomescientistinCopenhagen.4tWhoknowswhafsactuallyinit?”

Perhapsconvenienceisthebestargumentforbuyinganalternativemeatproductyoucansimplycook

straightoutofthebox,butsomehealthexpertssuggestotherplant-basedhealthfuloptionscanbesimple,too.For

example,onabusyday,Bannasaidshewasabletothrowtogetheratempeh（atraditionalsoyaproduct）dish

whichsheputinalittleoil,vinegarandotherseasonings.t4Wedefinitelyobtainnutrientsfromanimal-basedfood

一ironandzincandothermineralsaswell.Butitalsocontainsfatandcholesterol,soifsgoodtocontrolour

intake,saidBanna."'Vegetariansubstitutescanbeverytastysoweshouldn'tshyawayfromthem.^^

Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhyIsPlant-basedMeatDying?B.AreFakeMeatProductsGoodForYou?

C.FakeMeat:Food'sFutureOrAFashion?D.WhatHappenedToThePlant-basedMeat?

【答案】B

［解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Mosthealthexpertswouldagreethateatingmeat一especiallyredmeat一in

largequantitiesisn'tgoodforus,ortheplanet.Studiespointtoanincreasedriskofheartdiseaseandcancer

correlatingtoourmeat-heavydiets.Meanwhile,manufacturersarebusyproducingincreasinglytastyandmore

meat-likeproductsthatmatchtherealthings——makingtheswitchfromeatinganimalsseemlikeano-brainer.

Butarethesefakemeatproductsanyhealthierforus?（大多數(shù)健康專家都會(huì)同意，大量吃肉---尤其是紅肉

—對(duì)我們和地球都沒有好處。研究指出，患心臟病和癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加與我們偏重肉類的飲食有關(guān)。與此

同時(shí)，制造商們正忙著生產(chǎn)越來越美味的、更像肉類的產(chǎn)品，這些產(chǎn)品與真正的東西相匹配，這使得從食

用動(dòng)物轉(zhuǎn)變成一種不需要思考的事情。但是這些假肉制品真的對(duì)我們更健康嗎？戶結(jié)合文章主要說明了專

家指出一些假肉制品可以被認(rèn)為是“超加工”食品，這種食物對(duì)人體有害。由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“假肉制品對(duì)你

有好處嗎？”符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。

10.（2023?湖北荊州?高三沙市中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)）

AresearchteamledbyprofessorPhilipWaltherfromtheUniversityofViennahasshownhowthequantum

propertiesoflightcanensuresecurityfordigitalpayments.Inanexperiment,theresearchersdemonstratedthat

eachtradecannotbecopied.Theyreplacedclassicalcrystallographictechniqueswithaquantumprotocol（協(xié)議）

usingsinglephotons,aunitofenergy.Duringthecourseofaclassicaldigitalpaymenttrade,theclientsharesa

classicalcodecalledcryptogramwithhispaymentprovider.Thiscryptogramisthenpassedonbetweenthe

customer,businessmen,andpaymentprovider.Inthedemonstratedquantumprotocolthiscryptogramisgenerated

byhavingthepaymentprovidersendingparticularlypreparedsinglephotonstotheclient.

WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?

A.Howquantum-digitalpaymentworks.B.Howdigitalpaymentprovessafer.

C.Whysinglephotonsarenecessary.D.Whatisimportantforonlinetrade