2024春新教材高中英語UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUESSectionⅡReadingandThinking1基礎測評含解析新人教版必修第三冊

PAGEUNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUESSectionⅡReadingandThinking(1)閱讀理解AOneday,Tom’steacher,MissMak,heldaclassmeeting.“TherewillbeaflagdaynextSaturday.Doesanyonewanttojointhismeaningfulevent?”askedMissMak.Tomwasinterestedinraisingmoneyforhomelesschildren,buthewasnotbraveenoughtotalktothestrangers,sohekeptquietinhisseat.“Tom,youhaven’tsoldflagsbefore,”saidMissMaksuddenly.“Wouldyouliketohaveatry?”Tomwashesitant,buthefinallynodded.Ontheflagday,TomandAngelasoldflagsinabusystreet.“Ex-cuse-me.Couldy-o-upl-ea-sebuy...?”saidAngelasoftlytothefirstpersonshemet.Themansmiledandputafive-dollarcoinintoAngela’scollectionbag.Thenshesaidthanksandputaflagunderhisshoulder.“Ididit!”saidAngelahappily.“It’syourturnnow.”Feelingnervous,Tombegantoshake.Soon,hesawayoungladywalkingtowardshim.Theladywassmilingandholdingafewcoinsinherhand.Sheasked,“AreyousellingflagsforFundfortheHomelessChildren?”Tom’sfaceturnedredandsaidyes.ThentheladymadethedonationandTomgaveheraflag.“Youmadeit!”laughedAngela.Inthenextcoupleofhours,AngelaandTomsoldflagsquicklyandbravely.Atlast,theircollectionbagsweresoheavythattheyhadtoholdthemwithbotharms.Theyfeltveryproud.1.WhydidTomkeepquietinhisseat?A.Hehadotherplans.B.Hedidn’tlikeMissMak.C.Hewasnotinterestedintheactivity.D.Hewasnotbraveenoughtotalktothestrangers.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句中“...buthewasnotbraveenoughtotalktothestrangers,sohekeptquietinhisseat.”可知,這是因為他不夠英勇。故選D。答案：D2.WheredidTomandAngelasellflags?A.Inabusystreet. B.Intheirschool.C.Inatallbuilding. D.Inasmallgarden.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段首句“Ontheflagday,TomandAngelasoldflagsinabusystreet.”可知,他們在一條繁忙的大街上售賣旗幟。故選A。答案：A3.HowmuchdidthefirstmanpayAngelafortheflag?A.Fivedollars. B.Tendollars.C.Fifteendollars. D.Twentydollars.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第三句“Themansmiledandputafive-dollarcoinintoAngela’scollectionbag.”可知,這個人付了五美元。故選A。答案：A4.HowdidTomandAngelafeelaftertheysoldtheflags?A.Bored. B.Shy. C.Proud. D.Sad.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)短文最終一句“Theyfeltveryproud.”可知,賣完旗幟以后,他們感覺很傲慢。故選C。答案：CBMoralscienceistaughtasasubjectinmostschoolsbutwithlittleeffect.Perhapspartoftheproblemliesinthefactthatmoralityisnotascience,strictlyspeaking.Itistoomuchofasocialphenomenon,andalsohastoomuchofthepersonalandsubjectivethingsmixedwithin.Besides,moralityitselfchangeswithgenerations.Soitisimpossibletobedefinedinatextbook.Iremembersittingthroughfortyminutesofmorallessons,whichtoldstoriesaboutlittlechildrenwhonevertoldliesandwererewardedfortheirgoodness.Theyhadlittleeffectandleftnoimpressiononme,though.Ifmoralsciencehastobetaughtasasubjectinschools,itneedsaparticipatory(參加式的)approach.Whenyoutellachildaboutmorals,youalsohavetodealwithsocialnorms(規(guī)范)andculturaldifferences.Youhavetoexplainthatmoralitycanbesubjective,andbeabletocoexistinsociety.Youwillprobablyhavetorefertothemoralsofthepresenttime.Thebestwaytotellachildhowtoliveistoshowhimorherwhatisvalued.Ifachildlikeshisorherfriend,youhavetomakethechildthinkaboutwhy.Oncethechildnoticesandrecognisesgoodnessinothers,heorsheislikelytodevelopitaswell.Infact,childrenlearnmostoftheirmoralsbywatchingpeoplearoundthem.Theyabsorbbehaviourpatternsfromteachersandolderstudents.Theywatchtoseewhatisrewardedandwhoispunished.Theylearnonthesportsfieldandthroughsocialwork.Moralsciencelessonsshouldsimplyconsistoflettingthemliveandinteract,andwatchyousupportcorrectvaluesandrewardgoodbehaviour.5.WhichisNOTthereasonwhymoralscienceistaughtinschoolsbutwithlittleeffect?A.Moralityisn’tascience.B.Moralityismorelikeasocialphenomenon.C.Differentgenerationshavedifferentmoralideas.D.Moralitycan’tbewrittendownintextbooks.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的內容可知,德育在學校效果很差,是因為:道德嚴格來說不是一門科學,道德更像社會現(xiàn)象,不同年頭的人有不同的道德觀。故選D。答案：D6.Whydoestheauthordescribehisownexperienceofhavingmorallessons?A.Toexplaintellingliesisnotrightforlittlechildren.B.Toadvisethatpeopleshouldberewardedfortheirgoodness.C.Toshowhehasnoopinionsaboutmoralscience.D.Toprovemorallessonsinschoolshavelittleeffect.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的句子“Theyhadlittleeffectandleftnoimpressiononme,though.”可知,作者提到自己上道德課是為了證明道德課效果很差,故選D。答案：D7.Whatshouldyoudowhenyoutellachildaboutmorals?A.Tellhimorheraboutsocialnormsandculturaldifferences.B.Teachhimorhertosharepersonalmoralideaswithothers.C.Explainthatnobodycaninfluencehisorhermoralideas.D.Saythatthepresentmoralsarelikelytobechanged.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的句子“Whenyoutellachildaboutmorals,youalsohavetodealwithsocialnormsandculturaldifferences.”可知給孩子講道德的時候,要告知他們社會規(guī)范和文化差異。答案：A8.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thevalueofteachers’settingagoodexample.B.Thebestwayofteachingchildrenaboutmorals.C.Theinfluenceofpeople’sbehaviouronmorals.D.Theimportanceofrewardingchildrenfortheirgoodbehaviour.解析：段落大意題。文章最終一段的內容說明孩子們主要從他們身邊的人身上學習道德,因此最好的教學方式是讓孩子們參加、互動、視察。故選B。答案：BCCouldthedevice,asmartphoneoraPC,whichyou’reusingaffectsthemoraldecisionsyoumakewhenusingit?Totestit,researcherspresentedmultipledilemmastoasamplesetof1,010people.Theparticipantswereassignedadeviceatrandom.Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic“trolley(有軌電車)problem”:Arunawaytrolleyisheadedtowardsfivepeopletieduponasetoftraintracks.Youcandonothing,resultinginthedeathsofthefivepeople,orpushamanoffabridge,whichwillstopthetrolley.Thepracticalresponseistokillonemantosavefivelives,which33.5percentofsmartphoneuserschose,comparedto22.3percentofPCusers.“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems,theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional,reasonabledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma,”DrAlbertBarque-Duran,theleadauthorofthestudy,toldCity,UniversityofLondon.“ThiscouldbeduetotheincreasedtimepressureoftenpresentwithsmartphonesandalsotheincreasedpsychologicaldistancewhichcanoccurwhenweusesuchdevicescomparedtoPCs.”Asforwhytheresearchersstartedthisstudy,DrBarque-Durannoted,“Duetothefactthatoursociallives,workandevenshoppingtakeplaceonline,itisimportanttothinkabouthowthecontextswherewetypicallyfacemoraldecisionsandareaskedtoengageinmoralbehaviourhavechanged,andtheimpactthiscouldhaveonhundredsofmillionsofpeoplewhousesuchdevicesdaily.”It’sclearthatweneedmoreresearchonhowourdevicesaffectourmoraldecisionmakingbecausewe’reusingscreensataneverincreasingrate.9.Whydidtheauthormentionthe“trolleyproblem”?A.Tointroduceadifficultproblemtoreaders.B.Tointroducetheaimofcarryingoutthestudy.C.Toshowanexampleofthequestionsinthestudy.D.Toshowthedifficultyindealingwithdilemmas.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章其次段“Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic‘trolleyproblem’...”可以推斷出,作者提及有軌電車的問題,只是展示了探討問題中的一個例子。故選C。答案：C10.Howdothesmartphoneusersofthestudybehaveindealingwithemotionaldilemmas?A.Calmly. B.Cruelly.C.Hesitantly. D.Enthusiastically.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems,theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional,reasonabledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma”可知,手機運用者能夠更鎮(zhèn)靜地處理情感逆境。故選A。答案：A11.DrAlbertbelievesthatcomparedwithPCs,smartphones.

A.helppeoplebearmorepressureB.helppeoplemakedecisionsquicklyC.makepeoplefeelmorementallydistantD.makepeoplestayhappiertosolveproblems解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Thiscouldbeduetotheincreasedtimepressureoftenpresentwithsmart-phonesandalsotheincreasedpsychologicaldistancewhichcanoccurwhenweusesuchdevicescomparedtoPCs.”可知,與電腦相比,手機更讓人感到精神上的疏遠。故選C。答案：CReadingandThinking(2)[基礎測評]Ⅰ.單詞拼法1.Sop(珍貴的)istimethatwecan’taffordtowasteit.

2.Inthenursingprofession,womenareinthem(大部分).

3.Thestudentsbegantoc(埋怨)abouthowcolditwouldbe.

4.Duringconversations,doyouspendallyour“l(fā)istening”timethinkingabouthowtor(回復)tothespeaker?

5.WhenhefailedintheStudents’Unione(選舉)lastsemester,he,insteadofbeingupset,vieweditasanopportunitytoexercisehisability.

6.Hehadthecompletesupportofthes(全體職員)inthehospital.

7.Irefusetolieaboutit;it’sagainstmyp(原則).

8.Whodoyousupposewillr(取代)herontheshow?

9.Samlivesinaf(遙遠的)village,whichismorethan20milesawayfromhisschool.

10.SuddenlyIfeltas(急劇的)paininmyshoulder.

答案：1.precious2.majority3.complain4.respondelection6.staff7.principles8.replace9.faraway10.sharpⅡ.用所給短語的適當形式填空carrysbthrough,carefor,tendto,ofone’sown,beresponsiblefor,

1.Heworkshard,buthedoesn’thishealth.

2.Theirfaithandcouragethem.

3.WhenI’mtired,Imakemistakes.

4.Theysaidthedirector,ratherthantheclerks,theincident.

5.Thesecollegeprofessorshadopinions.

答案：1.carefor2.carried;through3.tendto4.wasresponsiblefor5.oftheirownⅢ.語法填空Asafive-year-oldgirl,LinQiaozhiwas1.(deep)affectedbyhermother’sdeath.Atage18,insteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathof2.________(marry)likethe3.________(major)ofgirls,shechosetostudymedicine.“Whyshouldgirlslearnsomuch?Findingagoodhusbandshouldbe4._______(them)finalgoal!”herbrothercomplained,5.________(think)ofthehightuition6.________(fee).Sheresponded,“I’dratherstaysingle7._______(study)allmylife!”Eightyearslater,LingraduatedfromPekingUnionMedicalCollege(PUMC)8.______theWenhaiScholarship,9.__________highestprizegiventograduates.Sheimmediatelybecamethefirstwoman10.________washiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.

答案：1.deeply2.marriage3.majority4.their5.thinking6.fees7.tostudy8.with9.the10.who[提升測評]Ⅳ.閱讀理解Workingasavet(獸醫(yī)),Imetafamilythattaughtmeanunforgettablelesson.Theycametomyclinicwiththeirdyingdog,Coco.IexaminedCocoandfoundshewasoldandhadaseriousillness.Itoldthefamilywecouldn’tdoanythingforCoco,andthateuthanasia(安樂死)wouldbethebestforthedog.Onthatday,theirlittleboyEricseemedsocalm,pattingtheolddogforthelasttime,thatIwonderedifEricunderstoodwhatwasgoingon.ThelittleboyseemedtoacceptCoco’sdeathwithoutanydifficulty.WesattogetherforawhileafterCoco’sdeath.Iexplainedthatanimals’livesareshorterthanhumanlives.Eric,whohadbeenlisteningquietly,said,“Iknowwhy.”Hesaid,“Peopleneedalifetimetolearnhowtoliveagoodlife—likelovingeverybodyallthetimeandbeingnice,right?”The6-year-oldcontinued,“Well,dogsalreadyknowhowtodothat,sotheydon’thavetostayaslong.”I’dneverheardamoresoft-heartedexplanationastowhyanimals’livesaresoshort.IthaschangedthewayIlive.Iseeeverydayasthedaythatmylifecouldbeeasilytakenaway,soItrytolivemylifetothefullest.1.WhatwasthematterwithCoco?A.Shehadastomachache. B.Shehadaheadache.C.Shewasoldanddying. D.Shewashurtbyherfriend.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中“Theycametomyclinicwiththeirdyingdog,Coco.IexaminedCocoandfoundshewasoldandhadaseriousillness.”可知,Coco已經(jīng)奄奄一息。答案：C2.WhywasEricsocalmwhilepattingthedogforthelasttime?A.Becausehedidn’tknowwhatwasgoingon.B.Becausehedidn’tknowhowtofaceCoco’sdeath.C.Becausehehadanotherdog.D.BecauseheacceptedCoco’sdeath.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“ThelittleboyseemedtoacceptCoco’sdeathwithoutanydifficulty.”可知小男孩已經(jīng)接受了狗的死亡。答案：D3.Whatcanweinferaccordingtothepassage?A.Thevetdidn’tdoanythingforCoco.B.Thevetmakesanefforttoliveafulllife.C.Thevethaslivedhislifetothefullest.D.Thevetwillkeepmoredogs.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中最終一句“Iseeeverydayasthedaythatmylifecouldbeeasilytakenaway,soItrytolivemylifetothefullest.”可知,作者相識到生命易逝,并且努力使生活更加充溢。答案：BⅤ.完形填空Likemanyperfectionists,Itrulybelievedthatself-sufficiencywasavirtue.And1mybrainwassogoodatfindingwhatitwaslookingfor,Inoticedeverysingletimethatideagotproved2,andsoIalwayshadlotsof3thatitreallywasbetterifIjusthandledeverythingmyself.

Thiskindofthinking,friends,wasthe4indisguise.

Myself-reliancecameinhandywhenIwasakidinthe1970sandinadulthoodwhenIwasanindependent5.Then,inthefirstyearsof6theOrganisedArtistCompany,Ifoundmyself7everythingIcouldaboutwebsites,copywriting,graphicdesign,etc.Laterwheneveroneofmybusinessfriends8abouthowherwebsitewasbeingheldhostage(人質)toherdesigner,I9felttoosatisfied.10ifmistakesweremadeinmybusiness,theywereallmine.

Thiswaswheremyfalse11showedup—innotwantingotherstoknowImademistakes.IfIhadotherpeople12me,theywouldseemyerrorsand13.Workingalone,Icouldkeepupaprettygooddisplayof14.

ButastheOrganisedArtistCompanybecameincreasingly15,IrealisedIwasdoingharmtothepeopleIwastryingtoservebyattemptingtodoeverythingmyself.Iwas16mygrowthandthedepthofmywork.

Ihadbuiltabusinesswithmyowntwohands,andI17withabusinessthatIcouldholdinmyowntwohands.Itwascozy,18limitedinscope(范圍).

OnceIwaswillingtocontrolmyego(自我)andadmittedthatmyvisionofself-sufficiencywasa19,mybusinesstookaremarkableleapforward,andrevenue20.Littlechange,bigdifference.

1.A.whileB.sinceC.before D.until解析：句意:因為我的大腦很擅長找尋它想要的東西。while雖然,然而;since因為;before在……之前;until直到……為止。故選B。答案：B2.A.clear B.mistakenC.moral D.right解析：句意:我留意到每一次那個想法都被證明是正確的。clear清晰的;mistaken錯誤的;moral道德的;right正確的。故選D。答案：D3.A.evidence B.experienceC.suggestion D.insurance解析：句意:所以我總是有許多證據(jù)來證明我自己處理全部的事情會更好。evidence證據(jù),證明;experience經(jīng)驗;suggestion建議;insurance保險。故選A。答案：A4.A.magic B.devilC.sheep D.colleague解析：句意:這種想法,摯友們,是偽裝的魔鬼。magic魔法;devil魔鬼;sheep羊;colleague同事。故選B。答案：B5.A.worker B.physicianC.writer D.artist解析：句意:從20世紀70年頭我是個孩子時,到成年后我成為一個獨立的藝術家,我的自食其力始終很有用。worker工人;physician醫(yī)師;writer作家;artist藝術家。依據(jù)后邊的theOrganisedArtistCompany可知,當時“我”是個藝術家,故選D。答案：D6.A.running B.owningC.founding D.hiring解析：句意:后來,在起先經(jīng)營組織藝術家公司的那幾年。run經(jīng)營;管理;own有;found創(chuàng)辦,發(fā)起;hire雇用。故選A。答案：A7.A.losing B.quittingC.learning D.rejecting解析：句意:我發(fā)覺自己學習了關于網(wǎng)站、文案寫作、圖表設計等一切可以學的。lose失去;quit放棄;learn學習;reject拒絕。故選C。答案：C8.A.communicated B.praisedC.answered D.complained解析：句意:后來每當我的一個商業(yè)伙伴埋怨她的網(wǎng)站如何被她的設計師限制時。communicate溝通,溝通;praise表揚;answer回答;complain埋怨。故選