考研英語(yǔ)完形填空專項(xiàng)練習(xí)30篇(含答案)

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AnswerKeys 31

16

Practice1

Scientiststypicallysubmittheirpaperstotheeditorialboardofajournalspecializinginaparticularfieldofresearch.[thepaperisacceptedforpublication,theeditorialboardsendsitoutforpeerreview.Duringthisprocedureapanelofexperts,orreferees,2thepaper,judgingwhetherornottheresearchhasbeencarried3inafullyscientificmanner.Iftherefereesaresatisfied,publication4Iftheyhave5 ,someoftheresearchmayhavetoberepeated,butifthey6seriousflaws,theentire

papermayberejectedforpublication.

Thepeer-reviewprocessplaysacriticalrolebecauseit7highstandardsofscientificmethod.8 ,itcanbeacontroversialarea,asitallows9viewstobecomeinvolved.Because

scientistsarehuman,theycannotavoid10personalopnuonsaboutthevalueofeachother'swork.Furthermore,becauserefereeslltobeseniorfigures,theymaybelessthanwelcomingtoneworunorthodoxideas.

Onceapaperhasbeenacceptedandpublished,itbecomespartofthevastand12bodyofscientificknowledge.Intheearlydaysofscience,newresearchwasalwayspublishedinprintedform,buttodayscientificinformationspreadsbymanydifferent13 ,Mostmajorjournalsarenowavailableviathe

Internet,whichmakesthemquickly14toscientistsallovertheworld.

Whennewresearchispublished,itoftenactsasaspringboardforfurtherwork.Itsimpactcanthenbe15byseeinghow16thepublishedresearchappearsasacitedwork.Majorscientificbreakthroughsarccitedthousandsoftimesayear,butattheother17 ,obscurepiecesofresearchmay

becited18ornotatall.However,citationisnotalwaysa19guidetothevalueofscientificwork.Sometimesapieceofresearchwillgolargely20 ,onlytoberediscoveredinsubsequentyears.

1.

[A]When

[B]Before

[C]Since

[D]If

2.

[A]supervise

[B]assess

[C]value

[D]administer

3.

[A]over

[B]off

[C]on

[D]out

4.

[A]goesahead

[B]keepsup

[C]takesover

[D]turnsup

5.

[A]conceptions

[B]expectations

[C]reservations

[D]limitations

6.

[A]address

fB]justify

[C]identify

[D]suppress

7.

[A]assures

[B]ensures

[C]confides

[D]guarantees

8.

[A]Therefore

[B]Hence

[C]Indeed

[D]However

9.

[A]objective

[B]sensitive

[C]subjective

[D]competitive

10.

[A]developing

[B]injecting

[C]expressing

[D]transmitting

11.

[A]intend

[B]tend

[C]happen

[D]fear

12.

[A]ever-inflating

[B]ever-expanding

[C]ever-extending

[D]evcr-accclerating

13.

[A]directions

[B]times

[C]versions

[D]means

14.

[A]amiable

[B]accessible

[C]agreeable

[D]accountable

15.

[Algauged

[B]counted

[C]concealed

[D]calculated

16.

[A]soon

[B]far

[C]often

[D]long

17.

[A]point

[B]aspect

[C]extreme

[D]level

18.

[A]frequently

[B]oddly

[C]rarely

[D]occasionally

19.

[A]reliable

[B]available

[C]identifiable

[D]suitable

20.

[A]undoubted

[B]unexpected

[C]unsuspected

[D]unnoticed

Practice2

Moneytalkhaslongbeenconsideredunacceptablemtheworkplace,butit'snotjustsocialnonnsthathavekeptsuchconversationsinthedark.Accordingtoa2011survey,almosthalfofallAmericanworkersarecither]prohibitedorstronglydiscouragedbytheiremployersfromdiscussingtheirpaywithcoworkers.

2whenit'snotagamsttherules,expertswarn3bringingupthepayscalewithpeopleinyouroffice.Forone,sayscaieercoachCannRockind,“ifmanagementeverfoundout,itmakesyoulook4andcouldbackfire.”

Rockindemphasizesthatthese5usuallyleadtodisappointmentandlowerjobsatisfaction.AstudybytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchreachedthesame6TheresearchersgavearandomsetofUniversityofCaliforniaemployees7toawebsitethat8Universityworkers'salaiyinformation.9workerswhodiscoveredthattheymadelessthanaverage10reportedlowerjobsatisfaction,therewasno11increaseinreportedsatisfactionamongthosewhofoundoutthattheirearningswereaboveaverage.

PamelaTeagarden,anexpertincorporatebehavioralpsychology,saysthatsalarycomparisonconversationsoften12becausemostworkplaces13mwhatisknownasa“Prisoner'sDilemma" 14cooperating,colleaguesareforcedtocompareandcompetebecauseeveryoneistrying

forthenextpromotion,forthe15Compainigsalanesonly16thatdynamic,17ateam'sabilitytoworktogethertowardacommongoal.Toavoidthisproblem,Teagardenreconmiendsthatcompanies18other,non-monetaiy,“extrinsicmotivators/7likeencouragingfiiendshipamongcoworkersandvaluingemployees'opmions.

Rockindalsoemphasizesthisnon-monetary19.“There'sa20inoursocietythatmoneyleadstohappiness/1Rockindsays."Butit'sactmllytheotherwayaroiuid:It'snotthatmoneyleadstohappiness;it'sthathappypeoplemakemoremoney71

1.

[A]expressly

[B]generally

[C]implicitly

[D]inevitably

2.

[A]Only

[B]But

[C]Hence

[D]Even

3.

[A]over

[B]against

[C]for

[D]on

4.

[A]depressed

[B]dissatisfied

[C]eccentric

[D]furious

5.

[A]rumours

[B]whispers

[C]conversations

[D]concepts

6.

[A]decision

[B]determination

[C]conclusion

[D]solution

7.

[A]right

[B]opportunity

[C]credit

[D]access

8.

[A]listed

[B]raised

[C]performed

[DIextended

9.

[A]When

[B]Since

[C]While

[D]If

10.

[A]ultimately

[B]essentially

[C]immediately

[D]cheerfully

11.

[A]astonishing

[B]considerable

[C]reciprocal

[D]dramatic

12.

[A]increase

[B]arise

[C]proceed

[D]suspend

13.

[A]manipulate

[B]manage

[C]involve

[D]operate

14.

[A]Otherthan

[BlNomorethan

[C]Morethan

[D]Ratherthan

15.

[A]win

[B]wealth

[C]reputation

[D]praise

16.

[A]interferes

[B]reinforces

[C]breaks

[D]activates

17.

[A]undermining

[B]influencing

[C]shaping

[D]paralyzing

18.

[A]carryon

[B]focuson

[C]insiston

[D]puton

19.

[A]trend

[B]fashion

[C]approach

[D]motivator

20.

[A]prototype

[B]convention

[C]tradition

[D]belief

Practice3

TlieoutciyoverInternetfinns1habitofsecretlytrackingwebsurfers'activitieshasclearlyresonatedinsidetheWhiteHouse.OnMarch16ththeObamaadministrationannouncedthatit[toworkwithCongresstoproduce“aprivacybillofrights"givingAmericanconsumersgieater2overhowtheirinformationiscollectedandusedbydigitalmarketers.Thebillwillseekto3thebasicprinciplesofInternetprivacyrights,4followingrecommendationspublishedbytheDepailmentofCommerce.Thedepartment'sreportsaidconsumersshouldbetoldmoreaboutwhydataarebeingcollectedaboutthemandhowtheyareused;anditcalledforstricter5onwhatcompaniescandowithinformationtheycollect.

Whateverlegislationfinallyemergesislikelytogiveabroader6totheFederalTradeCommission(FTC),whichwillalmostcertainlybe7withdecidinghowthoseprinciplesare8intopracticeandwithpolicingtheirimplementation.Amongotherthings,theFTCisknowntobe9onafbnnaltldonottrack”system,whichwouldallowusersto10certainsitesfrommonitoringtheironlineactivities.

11alltinsmaydecreasetheirrevenues,Ameiica'sInternetgiantscouldalsobenefitfromthelegislationifithelpsthemintheir12withtheEiuopeanUnion.TheEU'salreadyfairlystrictrulesonprivacyarcbeing13further.Thetime-consumingandexpensivelegalhoopstheEUmakesAmericanInternetfirmsjump14 ,tobeallowedto15Europeans'oiilmedata,willbecome

more16 .

17bypassingitsownonline-pnvacy"billofrights”AmericacanconvincetheEUto18thislegalburden,thenitwillbeanimportant19forAmericancompanies.Google,Facebookandotherswillnodoubtbetracking—bothonlineandoffline—theprogressofEU-Americantalksonthismattervery20 .

1.

[A]urges

[B]promises

[C]conducts

[D]intends

2.

[A]emphasis

[B]control

[C]bargain

[D]supervision

3.

[A]laydown

[B]figureout

[C]takeup

[D]putin

4.

[A]broadly

[B]thoroughly

[C]eventually

[D]completely

5.

[A]constitutions

[Blmeasures

[C]limits

[D]means

6.

[A]vision

[B]sense

[C]role

[D]support

7.

[A]charged

[B]burdened

[C]integrated

[D]occupied

8.

[A]introduced

[B]taken

[C]persuaded

[D]translated

9.

[A]decisive

[B]enthusiastic

[C]keen

[D]predominant

10.

[A]block

[B]guard

[C]supervise

[DIremove

11.

[A]Nowthat

[B]Because

[C]Although

[D]Provided

12.

[A]negotiations

[B]dealings

[C]associations

[D]debates

13.

[A]tightened

[B]observed

[C]hardened

[D]challenged

14.

[A]in

[B]over

[C]around

[DIthrough

15.

[A]analyse

[B]handle

[C]collect

[D]trade

16.

[A]reasonable

[B]susceptible

[C]demanding

[D]complicated

17.

[A]Since

[B]Unless

[C]If

[D]While

18.

[A]address

[B]eliminate

[C]ignore

[D]ease

19.

[A]conclusion

[Blwin

[C]bonus

[D]transition

20.

[A]eagerly

[B]hopefully

[C]closely

[D]cheerfully

Practice4

TlieTreasiuycouldpocket20millionayearinextrafinesoncethecountry'sspeedcameranetworkisexpanded.Motoringorganizationswarnedthatthe]couldbecomeapolltaxonwheels',2hugenumberofdrivers.Therecouldbemanymoreincidentsofdeliberatedamaging3cameras.Thewarningscame4aDailyMailsurveyfoundalmostallthe23policeforcesinEnglandandWaleswereeither5toexpansionplansorconsidering6 .

Nationwide,thenumberofspeedingticketsisexpectedtoincreasethreefold.7 90milliona

year.8thescheme,policekeepsomeofthecashfromfinesto9thecostsoffittingandmaintainingextracamerasand10thatexistingonesalwayshavefilminthem.TherestwillgototheTreasury.BothMinistersandpoliceinsisttheschemeisaimed11atmakingroadssafer.Theypointtotrialsineightareaswhichcutcollisionsbyaquarteranddeathsandseriousinjuriesby12ahalf.

Butmotoringorganizations13cameraswillbesitedonrelativelysafebutfaststretchestocatchasmanydriversaspossible.Someforcesarealsoexpectedto14the“threshold”speedsatwhichcamerasare15totheabsolutelegalminimum—15mphina10mphlimit,and26mphina20mphzone.Thiscouldencouragedriverstostareattheirspeedometersinsteadofconcentratingontheroad,and16to

moreaccidents.SueNicholson,headofcampaignsattheRAC,said,

“Wedon'thaveaproblemwithspeed

cameras 17 .

Butwedohaveconcerns

about 18

they

aresited.Policerisklosing

credibility19

motoristsifcamerasarcseenas

revenue-raising_

20

_safetydevices/3

1.

[A]promotions

[B]punishments

[C]penalties

[D]payments

2.

[A]isolating

[B]separating

[C]alienating

[D]detaching

3.

[A]towards

[B]against

[C]before

[D]over

4.

[A]so

[B]once

[C]as

[DIwhere

5.

[A]subjected

[B]engaged

[C]intended

[D]committed

6.

[A]takingpart

[B]keepingsilent

[C]makingexception

[D]payingrespect

7.

[A]financing

[B]profiting

[C]funding

[D]netting

8.

[A]From

[B]Under

[C]On

[D]With

9.

[A]hide

[B]cover

[C]conceal

[D]veil

10.

[A]pledging

[B]assuring

[C]confirming

[D]ensuring

11.

[A]essentially

[B]strongly

[C]particularly

[D]purely

12.

[A]inall

[B]fewerthan

[C]atmost

[D]upto

13.

[A]fear

[B]hope

[C]expect

[D]doubt

14.

[A]fit

[B]put

[C]set

[D]fix

15.

[A]levered

[B]geared

[C]handled

[D]triggered

16.

[A]lead

[B]add

[C]contribute

[D]resort

17.

[A]anyless

[B]byitself

[C]afterall

[D]assuch

18.

[A]who

[B]when

[C]where

[D]which

19.

[A]in

[B]with

[C]against

[D]for

20.

[A]inspiteof

[B]farfrom

[C]ratherthan

[D]bymeansof

Practice5

Theplu-ase“MozartEffect”conjuresailimageofapregnantwomanwho,sportingheadphonesoverherbelly,isconvincedthatplaymgclassicalmusictoherunbornchildwillimprovethechild'sintelligence.Butistherescienceto]thisidea?

AshortpaperpublishedinNaturein1993unwittinglyintroducedthe2Mozarteffecttothemasses.PsychologistFrancesRauscher'sstudymvolved36collegekidswholistenedtoeither10minutesofaMozartsonatainD-major,arelaxationtrackor3beforeperformingseveralspatialreasoningtasks.ItfoundthatstudentswhohadlistenedtoMozartseemedto4significantimprovementintheirperformance.

5in1999psychologistChristopherChabrisperformedamcta-analysisonstudies6totheMozarteffecttosurveyitsoverall7 ,He8thattheimprovementcouldsimplybearesultofthe

naturalvariabilityapersonexperiencesbetweentwotestsittings.

Earlierthisyear,theFederalMinistryofEducationandResearchinGermanypublishedasecondreviewstudy9across-disciplinaryteamof1()inclinedscientistswhodeclaredthephenomenon11 .“Iwouldsnnplysaythatthereisno12evidencethatchildrenwholistento

classicalmusicaregoingtohave13improvementmcogiutiveabilitiesJaddsRaiischer.

14itsrejectionbythescientificcommunity,companiescontinueto15classicalmusictoparentsofchildrenwhocanpurportedlylistentheirwaytogreatersmarts.

Chabrissaystherealdangerisn'tmthis16marketing,butinparentsshirkingrolestheyareevolutionarilymeantto17 .Ittakesawayfromotherkindsof18thatmightbebeneficialfor

children,suchasplayingwiththemandkeepingthem19viasocialactivity.Thatisthe20toatmlyintelligentchild,notthesymphoniesofalong-deadAustriancomposer.

1.

[A]putup

[B]takeup

[C]backup

[D]makeup

2.

[A]assumed

[B]quoted

[C]supposed

[D]predicted

3.

[A]silence

[B]noise

[C]twitter

[D]bark

4.

[A]cultivate

[B]contain

[C]release

[D]show

5.

[A]So

[B]But

[C]While

[D]As

6.

[A]opposite

[B]beneficial

[C]attached

[D]related

7.

[A]effectiveness

[B]popularity

[C]feasibility

[D]complexity

8.

[A]perceives

[B]notes

[C]realizes

[D]recognizes

9.

[A]about

[B]on

[C]under

[D]from

10.

[A]historically

[B]artistically

[C]musically

[D]physically

11.

[A]noncontroversial

[B]nonprofessional

[C]nonessential

[D]nonexistent

12.

[A]promising

[B]compelling

[C]outstanding

[D]rewarding

13.

[A]some

[B]each

[C]another

[D]any

14.

[A]Except

[B]Like

[C]Despite

[D]Among

15.

[A]introduce

[B]hawk

[C]offer

[D]award

16.

[A]diplomatic

[B]questionable

[C]vigorous

[D]prudent

17.

[A]serve

[B]reinforce

[C]satisfy

[D]ensure

18.

[A]assimilation

[B]cooperation

[C]consultation

[D]interaction

19.

[A]amused

[B]focused

[C]engaged

[D]motivated

20.

[A]right

[B]key

[C]shortcut

[D]way

Practice6

Workingoutexactlywhatstudentsandtaxpayersgetforthemoneytheyspendonuniversitiesisatrickybusiness.NowtheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)isplanningtomakethe[abiteasier,byproducingthefirstinternational2ofhowsuccessfullyuniversitiesteach.

“ 3assumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxy

measuresfor4 ,wewilllookatleanmigoutcomes/1explamsAndieasSclileicher,theOECD'sheadof

educationresearch.JustastheOECD5primaryandsecondaryeducationbytesting6chosengroupsofyoungstersfromeachcountryinreadingandmathematics,itwill7universitystudentstoseewhattheyhavelearned.8enoughuniversitiesarctakingpart,itmaypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountry9Justasitnowdoesforcompulsoryeducation.

TheOECDplan10approvalfromaneducationministers5meetinginJanuaiy.Thefirst11areplannedby2010.Theywillbeofinterestnotjustasaguideforshoppersintheglobalmarket,butalsoas12ofperformanceindomesticmarkets.Theywillhelpacademicswonderingwhethertostayputorswitchjobs,students13wheretospendtheirtimeandmoney,and14universitybosseswhowantasharpercompetitive15fortheirinstitution.

ThetasktheOECDhassetitselfis16 ,Inmanysubjects,suchasliteratureandhistory,the

syllabus17hugelyfromonecountry,and18onecampus,toanother.ButOECDresearchersthinkthatproblemcanbe19byconcentratingonthetransferableskillsthatemployers20 ,such

ascriticalthinkingandanalysis,andtestingsubjectknowledgeonlyinfieldslikeeconomicsandengineering,withabigcommoncore.

1.

[A)task

[B]acquisition

[C]endeavor

[D]equation

2.

[A]qualification

[B]requirement

[C]comparison

[D]illustration

3.

[A]Otherthan

[B]Morethan

[C]Betterthan

[D]Ratherthan

4.

[A]reputation

[B]quality

[C]status

[D]success

5.

[A]values

[B]assesses

[C]instructs

[D]reforms

6.

[A]unconsciously

[B]accidentally

[C]randomly

[D]previously

7.

[A]sample

[B]check

[C]select

[D]test

8.

[A]Since

[B]While

[C]Although

[D]Once

9.

[A]performs

[B]retains

[C]stands

[D]locates

10.

[A]awaits

[B]obtains

[C]submits

[D]embraces

11.

[A]rankings

[B]curricula

[C]actions

[D]meetings

12.

[A]conductors

[B]accelerators

[C]indicators

[D]coordinators

13.

[A]studying

[B]arranging

[C]emphasizing

[D]choosing

14.

[A]benign

[B]conscientious

[C]eloquent

[D]ambitious

15.

[A]edge

[B]pledge

[C]recognition

[D]change

16.

[A]flexible

[B]formidable

[C]defensible

[D]amiable

17.

[A]shares

[B]varies

[C]originates

[D]separates

18.

[A]still

[B]hence

[C]indeed

[D]even

19.

[A]overcome

[B]highlighted

[C]worsened

[D]ignored

20.

[A]cultivate

[B]offer

[C]value

[D]possess

Practice7

AsformercolonistsofGreatBritain,theFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesadoptedmuchofthelegalsystemofGreatBntam.Wehavea“commonlawJorlawmadebycouils]amonarchorothercentralgovernmental2likealegislature.Thejury,a3ofordinarycitizenschosentodecideacase,isan4partofourcommon-lawsystem.

Useofjuriestodecidecasesisa5featureoftheAmericanlegalsystem.FewothercountriesintheworldusejuriesaswedointheUnitedStates.6thecenturies,manypeoplehavebelievedthatjuriesinmostcasesreachafairerandmorejustresult7wouldbeobtainedusingajudge8asmanycountriesdo.9ajurydecidescasesafteru10ordiscussionsamongagroupofpeople,thejury'sdecisionislikelytohavethe11frommanydifferentpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds,whomustasagroupdecidewhatisright.

Juriesareusedinbothcivilcases,whichdecide12among13citizens,andcriminalcases,whichdecidecasesbroughtbythegovernment14thatindividualshavecommittedcrimes.JuriesareselectedfromtheU.S.citizensand15 ,Jurors,consistingof16numbers,arecalledforeach

caserequiringajury.

Thejudge17tothecaseoverseesthe18ofjurorstoserveasthejuryforthatcase.Insomestates,19jurorsarequestionedbythejudge;inothers,theyarcquestionedbythelawyersrepresentingthepartiesunderrules20bystatelaw.

1.

[A]otherthan

[B]ratherthan

[C]morethan

[D]orrather

2.

[A]agency

[B]organization

[C]institution

[DIauthority

3.

[A]panel

[B]crowd

[C]bundle

[D]flood

4.

[A]innate

[B]intact

[C]integral

[D]integrated

5.

[A]discerning

[B]distinguishing

[C]determining

[D]diminishing

6.

[A]in

[B]by

[C]after

[DIover

7.

[A]that

[B]which

[C]than

[D]as

8.

[A]alike

[B]alone

[C]altogether

[DIapart

9.

[A]Although

[B]Because

[C]If

[D]While

10.

[A]deliberations

[B]meditations

[C]reflections

[D]speculations

11.

[A]outline

[B]outcome

[C]input

[D]intake

12.

[A]arguments

[B]controversies

[C]disputes

[D]hostilities

13.

[A]fellow

[B]individual

[C]personal

[D]private

14.

[A]asserting

[B]alleging

[C]maintaining

[D]testifying

15.

[A]assembled

[B]evoked

[C]rallied

[D]summoned

16.

[A]set

[B]exact

[C]equivalent

[D]particular

17.

[A]allocated

[B]applied

[C]admitted

[D]assigned

18.

[A]preparation

[B]obligation

[C]selection

[D]execution

19.

[A]inspcctive

[B]irrespective

[C]perspective

[D]prospective

20.

[A]maintained

[B]dictated

[C]explained

[D]adopted

Practice8

Advancesingenetictechnologiesallowscientiststotakeanunprecedentedglimpseintothegeneticmakeupofeveryperson.Theinformationfromthistestingcanservemanyvaluable1 :Itcansavelives,

assistcouplestryingtodecidewhetherornottohavechildren,andhelplaw-enforcementofficialssolveacrime.2breakthroughsingenetictestingalso3sometroublingsocialconcernsaboutprivacyanddiscrimination.4 ,ifanindividual'sgeneticinformationbecomeswidely5itcouldgive

healthinsurerscausetodenycoveragetopeoplewithcertainriskfactorsorencourageemployerstorejectcertainhigh-riskjobapplicants.Furthermore,manygenetically6problemsarcmorecommonamongcertainracialandethnicgroups.Manyminoritygroupsfearthatthe7ofgenetictestingcouldcreatewholenew8ofdiscrimination.

Ofparticularconcernaregeneticteststhat9lightontraitssuchaspersonality,intelligence,andmentalhealthorpotentialabilities.Geneticteststhat 10apersonisunlikelytogetalongwithother

peoplecouldbeusedtolimitaperson'sprofessionaladvancement.Inothercases,teststhat11ageneticriskofheartfailurecoulddiscourageaperson12competinginsports.

Newtechnologiesthat13themanipulationofgeneshaveraisedevenmoredisturbingpossibilities.Genetherapyadvances,whichallowscientiststoreplace14geneswithnormalalleles,givepeoplewithtypicallyfataldiseasesnewhopeforhealthylives.15 ,genetherapyhasfocusedonmanipulating

thegeneticmaterialinbodycells16gametes(thecellsinvolvedinreproduction),sothechangeswillnotbe17tofuturegenerations.However,theapplicationofgenetherapytechniquestogametesseems18.Suchmanipulationmighthelppreventthe19ofdiseasefromonegenerationtoanother,butitcouldalso20unforeseenproblemswithlong-lastingconsequences.

1.

[A]purposes

[B]perspectives

[C]fields

[D]vocations

2.

[A]Yet

[B]And

[C]Therefore

[D]Whereby

3.

[A]decrease

[B]settle

[C]raise

[D]keep

4.

[A]Incontrast

[BlForexample

[C]Inconsequence

[D]Asusual

5.

[A]reliable

[B]identifiable

[C]suitable

[DIavailable

6.

[A]integrated

[B]complicated

[C]combined

[D]linked

7.

[A]expansion

[B]inflation

[C]extension

[D]verification

8.

[A]passages

[B]avenues

[C]paths

[D]tracks

9.

[A]embody

[B]shed

[C]set

[D]shoot

10.

[A]conclude

[B]predict

[C]indicate

[D]allege

11.

[A]certify

[B]rectify

[C]identify

[D]justify

12.

[A]from

[B]into

[C]with

[D]on

13.

[A]preach

[B]allow

[C]fund

[D]grant

14.

[A]infective

[B]effective

[C]productive

[D]defective

15.

[A]Asaresult

[B]Inasense

[C]Todate

[D]Ineffect

16.

[A]lessthan

[B]morethan

[C]otherthan

[D]soonerthan

17.

[A]passedon

[B]givenup

[C]putforward

[D]turnedover

18.

[A]invisible

[B]inactive

[C]inevitable

[D]incapable

19.

[A]observation

[B]transmission

[C]evaluation

[D]demonstration

20.

[A]lead

[B]indicate

[C]reflect

[DIproduce

Practice9

Theexistenceoftheso-calledhaloeffecthaslongbeenrecognized.Itisthephenomenonwherebywe]thatbecausepeoplearcgoodatdoingAtheywillbegoodatdoingB.CandD(orthe2—becausetheyarebadatdoingAtheywillbebadatdoingB.CandD).Thephrasewasfirst3byEdwardThornchke,apsychologistwhouseditinastudytodescribethewaythatcommandingofficers4theirsoldiers.Hefoundthatofficersusuallyjudgedtheirmenasbeingeithergoodrightacrossthe5orbad.Therewaslittle6oftraits;fewpeopleweresaidtobegoodinone7butbadinanother.

Laterworkonthehaloeffectsuggestedthatitwashighlyinfluencedbyfirstimpressions.Ifweseeapersonfirstinagoodlight,itisdifficult8todarkenthatlight.Theoldwell-known9that“firstimpressionscount”seenistobetine.Tlusisusedbyadvertiserswhopayheroicactorsandbeautifiilactressesto10productsaboutwhichtheyhaveabsolutelyno11 .Wethink12abouttheactor

becauseheplayedahero,ortheactressbecauseshewasmadeuptolookincrediblybeautifulandassumethatthey13havedeepknowledgeaboutcarenginesoranti-wrinklecream.

Inthe 14ofrecruitment,top-levelpeopleoftenfallintothe15 ofmakingdecisionsabout

candidatesbasedonlopsidedordistortedinformation.Frequentlytheyfall16tothehaloeffect:overvaluingcertainattributes17undervaluingothers.

Andtheeffectalsoinfluencesotherareasofbusiness.Carcompanies,18.willrolloutwhattheycallahalovehicle,a19modelwithspecialfeaturesthathelpstosellalltheothermodelsinthe20 .

1.

[A]interpret

[B]understand

[C]assume

[D]indicate

2.

[A]following

[B]inevitable

[C]reverse

[DJparallel

3.

[A]coined

[B]defined

[C]accepted

[D]forged

4.

[A]treated

[B]rated

[C]recruited

[D]handled

5.

[A]square

[B]line

[C]land

[D]board

6.

[A]overlapping

[B]displaying

[C]storing

[DImixing

7.

[A]perspective

[B]respect

[C]episode

[D]domain

8.

[A]consequently

[B]accordingly

[C]subsequently

[D]presumably

9.

[A]definition

[B]phrase

[C]assumption

[D]insight

10.

[A]promote

[B]test

[C]launch

[D]publish

11.

[A]skill

[B]tactic

[C]expertise

[D]strength

12.

[A]enviously

[B]brightly

[C]reasonably

[D]positively

13.

[A]therefore

[B]indeed

[C]likewise

[D]instead

14.

[A]scope

[B]dimension

[C]context

[D]climate

15.

[A]trap

[B]stereotype

[C]bias

[D]situation

16.

[A]adherent

[B]disposition

[C]limitation

[D]prey

17.

[A]for

[B]while

[C]though

[D]or

18.

[A]asusual

[B]incontrast

[C]forinstance

[D]bychance

19.

[A]particular

[B]common

[C]typical

[D]unique

20.

[A]range

[B]series

[C]type

[DImould

Practice10

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