初升高英語無憂銜接及新課預(yù)習(xí)（全國）銜接點(diǎn)13 名詞性從句（原卷版）

銜接點(diǎn)13名詞性從句（初高考點(diǎn)差異及銜接）初中要求初中主要學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句的用法。主語從句、表語從句接觸的比較少。高中要求在高中階段，我們將著重學(xué)習(xí)主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和補(bǔ)語從句。，以它的各種連接詞為學(xué)習(xí)主線，之后講述表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句。賓語從句中，賓語從句與陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句的轉(zhuǎn)換是重點(diǎn)?！境踔忻~性從句考點(diǎn)聚焦】主語從句一、用適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞填空。1.______sheboughtsomanydictionariesisnotclear.=Itisnotclear_____sheboughtsomanydictionaries.不清楚她為什么買這么多字典。2.________hewasadmittedintoBeijingUniversitymadehisteachersandparentshappy.他考上了北大，這讓他的老師和父母很高興。3.It’sapity________youcan’tattendmybirthdayparty.很可惜你不能參加我的生日聚會(huì)。4._________wewillbuildanewhighschoolhasn’tbeendecided.我們是否要建新高中還沒決定呢。5.__________breaksthelawshouldbepunished.不管誰違法都應(yīng)該受到懲罰。表語從句1.Thetraditionalviewis___________wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that2.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_________Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how3.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat________youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where賓語從句1．Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme________？A．whereisthebanknearest B．whereisthenearestbankC．wherethenearestbankis D．wherewasthebanknearest2．Mikewasnotlisteningcarefully,sohefailedtohear.A．whattheteachersaid B．howtheteachersaidC．whatdidtheteachersay D．howdidtheteachersay3.—CanIjoinyou?—Sure,wearediscussing______.A．whywelikethemovie B．whoshouldwegowithC．howcanwegetthere D．whenshallwegoforapicnic4．Thisbookwillshowyou________frombooksisputintopracticaluse.A．howyou’velearned B．howwhatyou’velearnedC．howthatyou’velearned D．thatyou’velearned5．—Mum,summerholidayiscoming.Iwonder.—HowaboutQinlingWildZoo？A．wherecanwego B．wherewecangoC．howwecango D．howwecango【高中名詞性從句考點(diǎn)聚焦】考綱解讀名詞性從句包括主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和補(bǔ)語從句。在高中階段，我們將著重學(xué)習(xí)前四種。本章從主語從句開始講解，以它的各種連接詞為學(xué)習(xí)主線，之后講述表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句。賓語從句中，賓語從句與陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句的轉(zhuǎn)換是重點(diǎn)。典型例句：1.Itiscertainthathewillcome.他一定會(huì)來。（主語從句）2.Myideaisthatwe’llallgoexpectLily.我的想法是除了莉莉之外我們大家都去。（表語從句）3.Heaskedmewhether/ifshelivedhere.他問我她是否住在這兒。（賓語從句）4.I’venoideawherehehasgone.我不知道他到哪里去了。（同位語從句）考點(diǎn)清單一.主語從句在主從復(fù)合句中，作主語的是一個(gè)從句，這個(gè)從句就稱為主語從句。主句從句可以由連詞、連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)，且不能省略。另外，主句的動(dòng)詞大多用be動(dòng)詞或其他系動(dòng)詞。常用來引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞連詞that，whether連接代詞what，whatever，who，whoever等連接副詞when，where，how，why等1.由連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中不作任何成分，不能省略。由它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句，多用it作形式主語。①Thatshewasbeautifulwasplaintoeveryone.大家都能看出她很漂亮。主語從句②Itwasplaintoeveryonethatshewasbeautiful.形式主語真正主語（主語從句）說明：①中that是連詞，引導(dǎo)主語從句shewasbeautiful。that在主句從句中不作任何成分，也沒有詞義，that不能省略。由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句可改寫為由it作形式主語的句子②。①Whetherhe’llcome(ornot)hasn’tbeendecided.他是否會(huì)來，還沒定下來。主語從句謂語②Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhetherhe’llcomeornot.形式主語真正主語（主語從句）③（誤）Ithasn’tbeendecidedifhe’llcome.（誤）Ifhe’llcomehasn’tbeendecided.說明：①中whether引導(dǎo)主語從句，whether在從句中不作任何成分，但有含義，意為“是否”，whether不能省略。此句中，因?yàn)橹骶涞臅r(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以主語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制。由whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句常可改寫為②，即一個(gè)由it作形式主語的句子。whether引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，不能用if代替，所以③中的兩個(gè)句子都是錯(cuò)誤的。Thatwomenhadnothadthesameopportunitiesasmeninmanyfieldsisobvious.主語從句顯然，過去在許多領(lǐng)域中，婦女沒有和男人享有同樣的機(jī)遇。Whethershecangetthatjobisstillunclear.她是否能得到那份工作尚不清楚。主語從句ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.（從句）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（主句）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)=ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.形式主語真正主語（主語從句）英語正在作為一種國際語言被接受，這是一個(gè)事實(shí)。Itismyfaultthatthishashappened.發(fā)生這事得怪我。形式主語真正主語（主語從句）2.由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句連接代詞who，which和what，連接副詞when，where，how和why以及復(fù)合連接代詞whatever，whoever等，復(fù)合連接副詞whenever，wherever等都可引導(dǎo)主語從句，它們分別在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語和狀語，不能省略。注意，翻譯時(shí)，不能把它們譯為疑問句。Whowilltakechargeofthetaskhasnotbeendecided.重要：who是連接代詞，引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作主語，不能省略。翻譯時(shí)不能把它譯為疑問句。=Ithasnotbeendecidedwhowilltakechargeofthetask.誰來負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)還沒有決定。Which(answer)isrightisn’tknowntous.=Itisn’tknowntouswhich(answer)isright.哪一個(gè)答案是對(duì)的我們還不知道。Whenwe’llstartisnotclear.=Itisnotclearwhenwe’llstart.我們何時(shí)出發(fā)還不清楚。Wherewe’llspendourholidayhasn’tbeendecided.我們要去哪里度假還沒決定。Howabookwillselldependsmuchonthereviewer.一本書的銷售在很大程度上取決于書評(píng)作者。（重要：how是連接副詞，在主語從句中作狀語，不能省略。）WhyhewenttoLondonisamystery.=ItismysteriouswhyhewenttoLondon.他為什么去倫敦是個(gè)謎。比較：由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句和疑問句不同，主語從句的語序是正常語序（陳述語序）。疑問句：Why（疑問副詞）didn’thecomehere?他為什么不來這兒？主語從句：Why（連接副詞）hedidn’tcomehereisnotknowntous.我們不知道為什么他沒來這兒。what引導(dǎo)的主語從句有時(shí)相當(dāng)于“先行詞+that引導(dǎo)的定語從句”，表示一樣?xùn)|西或一件事情。who，whom，which，what可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和what一樣引導(dǎo)從句，ever起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。由它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句不能用形式主語it替代，它們?cè)诰渥又凶鞒煞?，不能省略，語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序。Whathesaid（主語從句）wasperfectlytrue.what=thethingthat，在從句中作賓語，不能省略，為陳述語序，不能用疑問句語序“Whatdidhesay?”。=Thethingthathesaidwasperfectlytrue.（thething+that引導(dǎo)的定語從句）他講的都是事實(shí)。Whoeverleavestheofficeshouldtellme.whoever在從句中作主語，不能省略。=Anyonewholeavestheofficeshouldtellme.無論是誰離開辦公室都應(yīng)該告訴我。Whicheveryouwantisyours.你要哪一個(gè)，哪一個(gè)就是你的。whichever在從句中作賓語，不能省略，注意語序。WhateverIhaveisyours.我所有的一切都是你的。whatever在從句中作賓語，不能省略，注意語序。引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接代詞無論是誰（主）whoever=anyonewho=nomatterwho無論是誰（賓）whomever=anyonewhom=nomatterwhom無論是誰的whosever=anyonewhose=nomatterwhose無論是哪個(gè)whichever=anythingthat=nomatterwhich無論是什么whatever=anythingthat=nomatterwhat單句語法填空hegotthefirstprizeintheEnglishContestsurprisedallofus.2.theywouldsupportuswasaproblem.3.willtaketheplaceofMrLiasournewheadmasterhasn’tbeendecided.4.causedtheaccidenttohappenhasn’tbeenmadeclearyet.5.hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.6.It’ssaidgovernmentworkersnowmake，onaverage，30%morethanprivatesectorworkers.7.wecangetintouchwithhimisthemostimportant.8.Ireadaboutitinsomebooksorother.Doesitmatteritwas?9.ItisnotclearMichaelwillgocampingontheweekend.10.ourbrainworksisbeingstudiedbythescientists.二.表語從句在主從復(fù)合句中，作表語的是一個(gè)從句，這個(gè)從句就稱為表語從句。表語從句可以由連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)，并且不能省略。常用來引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞連詞that，weather連接代詞what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever等連接副詞when，where，how，why等Myopinionisthatthevillagerreallydidn’tunderstandthepoliceman.我認(rèn)為那位村民確實(shí)沒有理解警察的意思。that在表語從句中不作成分，沒有詞義，不可省略，但在口語中有時(shí)可省略。That’swhatweshoulddo.這是我們的本分。what在表語從句中作賓語，不能省略，從句中的語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序。Thequestionishowthetigergotoutofthecage.問題是老虎是怎么從籠子里出去的。how在表語從句中作狀語，不能省略，從句中的語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序。Thatiswhytheydecidedtoholdameeting.這就是他們?yōu)槭裁礇Q定要開會(huì)的原因。ThisiswhereImetMaryforthefirsttime.這就是我第一次遇見瑪麗的地方。單句語法填空①Chinaisnolongersheusedtobe.②Thereasonwhyshewasabsentwas____shewasillthen.三.賓語從句在主從復(fù)合句中，作賓語的是一個(gè)從句，這個(gè)從句就稱為賓語從句。賓語從句與主語從句和表語從句一樣，使用連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞等引導(dǎo)。常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞連詞that，whether連接代詞what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever等連接副詞when，where，how，why等1.賓語從句的種類賓語從句在句子中可以用作動(dòng)詞的賓語或介詞的賓語。1.動(dòng)詞賓語從句Iwastold(that)Ihadtocutoutalcohol.我被告知必須戒酒。Idon’tknowwhether/ifthebanksareopen.我不知道銀行是否營業(yè)。Joewantedtoknowwhoboughthimthegift.喬想弄清楚是誰給他買的這個(gè)禮物。Maryaskedwhereshecouldfindthebiggestparkinthecity.瑪麗問這座城市最大的公園在哪兒。2.介詞賓語從句A.that只在expect，in和but等少數(shù)介詞后引導(dǎo)從句作介詞的賓語。WeknownothingexpectthatJoeisfromAmerica.除了知道喬是來自美國之外，我們什么都不知道。Hedifferedfromotherpeopleinthathealwayslookedfurtheraheadinhiswork.他和別人不同的是他在工作中比別人都看得遠(yuǎn)些。IcouldsaynothingbutthatIwassorry.我非常抱歉。（我除了說抱歉之外，沒什么可說的。）B.由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞的賓語。MyteacherwassatisfiedwithwhatIdid.我的老師對(duì)我所做的一切感到滿意。Whatweshouldtakewithusdependonwherewe’llstay.我們需要隨身帶什么東西，取決于我們將在什么地方停留。C.不及物動(dòng)詞后跟介詞賓語從句。某些不及物動(dòng)詞后邊如果跟賓語從句，常省去介詞。Idon’tcarewhetherheistheheadmasterornot.（省略介詞）我不在乎他是不是校長。重要：如果不及物動(dòng)詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式等作賓語，則介詞不能省略。Idon’tcareabouthim.我不在乎他。Iinsistthatyoushouldlearnasecondlanguage.（省略介詞）=Iinsistonyourlearningasecondlanguage.（不能省略介詞）我堅(jiān)持讓你學(xué)第二語言。D.某些形容詞后跟介詞賓語從句。在表示知覺、感情等的形容詞如sure，afraid，glad，certain等之后，如果跟賓語從句，則省去介詞。I’mafraidthatI’llbelate.（省略介詞）恐怕我要遲到了。重要：如果形容詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式等作賓語，則不能省略介詞。I’mafraidofbeinglate.我害怕遲到。I’msurethatwe’llwinthematch.（省略介詞）我確信我們會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。Iamsurethathe’llwin.（省略介詞）=Iamsureofhiswinning.（不能省略介詞）我肯定他會(huì)贏。Heisgladthatyoupassedtheexam.（省略介詞）=Heisgladofyourpassingtheexam.（不能省略介詞）他為你能通過考試而高興。2.賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換1.陳述句與賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句的步驟：步驟①：用連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。（that在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，本身沒有詞義，可以省略）步驟②：從句語序不變，仍是陳述語序。步驟③：從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。步驟④：可用it代替that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作形式賓語。陳述句：Heislisteningtomusicintheroom.他正在屋子里聽音樂。賓語從句：Joesaidthathewaslisteningtomusicintheroom.喬說他正在屋子里聽音樂。說明：主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)為過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。陳述句：Maryalwaysstudieshare.瑪麗總是努力學(xué)習(xí)。賓語從句：AllofusknowthatMaryalwaysstudieshard.我們所有的人都知道瑪麗總是努力學(xué)習(xí)。說明：主句如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)不變。Wethinkitquiterightthatallthepeopleoughttoobeythelaws.形式賓語真正的賓語所有人都應(yīng)遵守法律，我們認(rèn)為這是非常正確的。TheytookitforgrantedthattheGreenshadgonetoAustralia.他們想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為格林夫婦去澳大利亞了。Hemadeitcleartoallthepeoplethatheobjectedtotheplan.他讓所有人都明白，他反對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。Ithinkitnecessarythathedoesitagain.我想他有必要再做一次。2.一般疑問句與賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句的步驟：步驟①：用whether或if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。（它們?cè)趶木渲胁蛔魅魏纬煞?，?dāng)“是否”講，不可省略）步驟②：從句語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。步驟③：從句時(shí)態(tài)要與主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。一般疑問句：Doessheworkintheoffice?她在這個(gè)辦公室工作嗎？賓語從句：Heaskedmewhether/ifsheworkedintheoffice.說明：主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過去式asked，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)也要改為過去時(shí)。=Heaskedmewhether/ifsheworkedinthisofficeornot.他問我她是否在這個(gè)辦公室工作。一般疑問句：Willthemoviestarcome?這個(gè)影星會(huì)來嗎？賓語從句：Idon’tknowwhether/ifthemoviestarwillcome.說明：主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不變。=Idon’tknowwhether/ifthemoviestarwillcomeornot.我不知道這位影星是否會(huì)來。一般疑問句：DidhestudyEnglish20yearsago?他20年前學(xué)英語嗎？賓語從句：MymotheraskedhimwhetherhehadstudiedEnglish20yearsbefore.說明：主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)由一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)。我母親問他，他20年前是否學(xué)英語。3.特殊疑問句與賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句的步驟：步驟①：保留原來的疑問詞（這些疑問詞形式不變，但它們的語法功能變了，換作連接代詞或連接副詞，它們?cè)谫e語從句中作成分，不可以省略）。步驟②：從句語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。步驟③：從句時(shí)態(tài)要與主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。特殊疑問句：WhatdoesJoedo?喬是做什么的？賓語從句：IwonderwhatJoedoes.我想知道喬是做什么的。說明：what由原來特殊疑問句中的疑問代詞變?yōu)檫B接代詞，它把主句和賓語從句連接起來，同時(shí)，他在賓語從句中作動(dòng)詞does的賓語，不能省略。語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。因?yàn)橹骶涞臅r(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。特殊疑問句：Whydidhecomehomesolateyesterday?他昨天為什么回家那么晚？賓語從句：Sheaskedmewhyhehadcomehomesolatethedaybefore.她問我，他前一天為什么回家那么晚。說明：why由特殊疑問句中的疑問副詞變?yōu)檫B接副詞，它引導(dǎo)了賓語從句，同時(shí)在賓語從句中作狀語，不能省略。語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。因?yàn)橹骶涞臅r(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，所以從句的時(shí)態(tài)也由一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)。特殊疑問句：WhenwouldMr.Greenbeallowedtogohome?格林先生什么時(shí)候被允許回家？賓語從句：JoeaskedwhenMr.Greenwouldbeallowedtogohome.喬問什么時(shí)候可以允許格林先生回家。特殊疑問句：Whatcantheydotohelpus?他們能做什么來幫助我們？賓語從句：Wewanttoknowwhattheycandotohelpus.我們想知道他們能做些什么來幫助我們。特殊疑問句：Howdidhecome?他怎么來的？賓語從句：Doyourememberhowhecame?你還記得他怎么來的嗎？3.使用賓語從句需注意的事項(xiàng)1.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語從句和其他名詞性從句不同，時(shí)態(tài)會(huì)受到主句的限制，尤其是主句為一般過去時(shí)時(shí)。A.當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定（可以是任意時(shí)態(tài)）。Joesayshehasreadthebookthatday.喬說他那天看了這本書了。MarysaysSusanwenttoShanghaithedaybefore.瑪麗說蘇珊前一天去了上海。B.當(dāng)主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)當(dāng)主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)要變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)）。Ibelievedwhatshetoldme.我相信她和我說的話。Mr.Whitetoldmethathehadgonetherebytrain.懷特先生告訴我他是坐火車去那兒的。2.主句是Idon’tthink...的賓語從句主句是Idon’tthink...的主從復(fù)合句的意思是“我認(rèn)為……不……”。它在英語中已成為固定句型，即否定的形式在主句，而否定的信息焦點(diǎn)卻在從句。類似的句型還有：Idon’timagine...，Idon’tbelieve...，Idon’tsuppose...等。Idon’tthinkyouareright.我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)。重要：主句的主語必須是第一人稱I或we時(shí)，才能用這樣的句型（否定形式在主句，而否定的信息焦點(diǎn)卻在從句）。Idon’tthinkhe’llgo,willhe?我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)走，不是嗎？Idon’tthinkyoucandothat,canyou?我認(rèn)為你不會(huì)干那件事，不是嗎？Idon’tthinkheislazy,ishe?我認(rèn)為他不懶，不是嗎？注意：注意該固定句型中反意疑問句的用法。3.連詞that的省略that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以省略，但在連接詞and或but所連接的兩個(gè)作賓語的that從句中，第一個(gè)賓語從句中的that可以省略，第二個(gè)不能省略。Hesaid(that)hehasworkedfornearlytenyearsandthathewantedtogohome.他說他已在這兒工作近10年了，并說他想回家了。Thelittlegirltoldme(that)shedidn’tliketoytrains,andthatshelikedbarbiedollsverymuch.這個(gè)小女孩告訴我，她不喜歡玩具火車，并且告訴我她非常喜歡芭比娃娃。4.當(dāng)主句謂語為doubt和benotsure時(shí)句型：Idoubtwhether/if...（我懷疑……是否……）Idon’tdoubtthat...（我毫不懷疑……）Idoubtwhetherhecanswim.我懷疑他是否會(huì)游泳。Idon’tdoubtthathecanswim.我毫不懷疑他會(huì)游泳。Doyoudoubtthathecanswim?你懷疑他會(huì)游泳嗎？說明：當(dāng)謂語含有詢問或懷疑之意，如doubt（懷疑），notsure（不確定）時(shí)，應(yīng)用whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。而donotdoubt/believe和疑問句中的doubt，則用that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。句型：I’mnotsure+whether/if...（我不確定……是否……）I’msure+that...（我相信……）I’mnotsurewhether/ifthenewsistrue.我不能肯定這消息是否確切。I’mnotsurewhether/ifhecanswim.我不確定他是否會(huì)游泳。I’msurethathecandoitwell.我相信他會(huì)把這件事做好的。5.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣insist表示“堅(jiān)持”和suggest表示“建議”時(shí)，它們后面可跟使用虛擬語氣的賓語從句?！菊?qǐng)參照（虛擬語氣）進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlessoncouldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.②Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethantheygo.③I’mnotsureismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.④Thescientistscansetthefibers’arrangementandspacing,whichdeterminestheman－mademeatendsupmorelikeaburgerorasteak.⑤Ihisdecisioniswiseinreality.實(shí)際上，我覺得他的決定并不明智。⑥Shedemanded．她要求我們應(yīng)當(dāng)立即出發(fā)。四.同位語從句在主從復(fù)合句中，作同位語的是一個(gè)從句，則這個(gè)句子就稱為同位語從句。同位語從句由連詞that和whether、關(guān)系代詞who和what或關(guān)系副詞why和how等引導(dǎo)。連詞that在同位語從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，也沒有詞義，但是不能省略。從意思上來講，同位語從句所表達(dá)的意思，就是與之同位的名詞所表達(dá)的意思。與從句同位的名詞通常是表示事實(shí)等的抽象名詞answer回答belief信念doubt懷疑fact事實(shí)hope希望idea想法news消息order命令question問題reply回答thought想法rumour謠言注意：具體名詞，如pen，book等之后不能跟同位語從句。Theideathatweinvitedhimyesterdayisquitegood.昨天我們邀請(qǐng)了他，這個(gè)主意真是太好了。Thequestionwhetherwe’llgotoseethefilmnextMondayhasn’tbeensettled.說明：whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句，有詞義，不作成分，不能省略，也不能用if來代替。下周一我們是否去看那部電影還未決定。Hisquestionwhytheskyisblueisdifficulttoanswer.他問為什么天是藍(lán)的，這令人很難回答。Therumourthatthere’llbeanearthquakesoonspreadalloverthearea.（同位語從句）說明：that引導(dǎo)的從句是抽象名詞rumour的同位語從句，that無詞義，不作成分，也不能省略。將要發(fā)生地震的謠言很快就在這一地區(qū)傳開了。Therumouristhatthere’llbeanearthquake.（表語從句）謠言是將要發(fā)生地震了。比較：試比較下面兩個(gè)句子的正誤。（正）Theidea(that)hetoldmeyesterdayisgood.（定語從句）（誤）Theideaisthathetoldmeyesterday.昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)主意太好了。單句語法填空①Thestorygoes__WilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.②AfterreceivingamessagefromRyleeAnderson,12,shewasstrugglingwithamathproblem,Wabagrabbedawhiteboardandhurriedtoherfrontdoor.③Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidencetheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.五.使用名詞性從句需注意的事項(xiàng)1.連詞that的用法總結(jié)that可用于主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句中。在這些從句中that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，本身沒有詞義。that引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句時(shí)，往往用形式主語it或形式賓語it來替代，而把從句移到后面。重要：that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以省略，引導(dǎo)其他從句時(shí)一律不能省略。2.連接代詞和連接副詞的用法總結(jié)連接代詞（who，whom，whose，which，what）除了起連接作用外，還在從句擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語等成分。連接副詞（when，where，how，why）除了起連接作用外，還可在從句中作狀語。連接代詞、連接副詞在名詞性從句中保留其疑問意義，同時(shí)在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，前面沒有先行詞（這是與定語從句需區(qū)別的一點(diǎn)）。重要：所有連接代詞和連接副詞在名詞性從句中都不能省略。3.名詞性從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)所有的名詞性從句中的語序都是陳述語序。主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制，但賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)要受主句的限制（只限于在主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)）。注意：需要特別注意insist，suggest后賓語從句的兩種形式。4.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣當(dāng)主句中主語的中心名詞、謂語、表語或賓語是表示命令、要求、建議、希望、必要等含義的詞時(shí)，從句的謂語要用虛擬語氣，即“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。例外：wish后的賓語從句中虛擬語氣構(gòu)成例外。Itisrightthatone(should)speakwelloftheabsent.不在背后詆毀人是對(duì)的。（主語從句）Itisveryimportantthatwe(should)askadviceofotherpeople.（主語從句）重要的是我們應(yīng)該征求他人的意見。Theorderisthatthework(should)befinishedassoonaspossible.（表語從句）命令是要盡快完成這項(xiàng)工作。IdemandthatJohn(should)gothereatonce.我要約翰馬上去那兒。（賓語從句）Headvisedthatwe(should)gohomerightnow.他建議我們立刻回家。（賓語從句）Joemadethesuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputofftothenextweek.（同位語從句）喬提議會(huì)議推遲到下一周。5.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的whether和ifA.whether可以用于所有的名詞性從句中，而if只用于賓語從句之中。兩者都不能省略。Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.（主語從句）足球比賽是否舉行將視天氣而定。Thequestioniswhetheryoucandoityourself.（表語從句）問題是你是否能親自做這件事。I’llseewhether/ifshe’sathome.（賓語從句）我來看看她在不在家。Thequestionwhetherheshouldcomehimselforsendanotheronehasn’tbeendecided.（同位語從句）他親自來還是派別人來這個(gè)問題還沒定下來。B.在引導(dǎo)賓語從句（動(dòng)詞賓語從句）時(shí)，whether和if都可以和ornot連用，但whether后可直接跟ornot，而if不能。Idon’tknowwhether/ifIcancomeornot.=Idon'tknowwhetherornotIcancome.我不知道我是否能來。Heaskedmewhether/ifshewascoming.=Heaskedmewhether/ifshewascomingornot.=Heaskedmewhetherornotshewascoming.他問我，她來還是不來。比較：whether后可以接動(dòng)詞不定式，而if則不可以接。Pleasetelluswhethertogoorstayhere.請(qǐng)告訴我們是離開還是呆在這兒，C.介詞的賓語從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)。Weworriedaboutwhetherhewasingoodhealth(ornot).我們擔(dān)心他的身體是否健康。Italldependsonwhethertheweatherisfine.一切都取決于天氣如何。D.如果賓語從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，則只能用if，而不能用whether。Idon’tcareifhedoesn’tshowup.他來不來我都不在乎。DinnerwasalmostoverwhenDan,stilllookinghungry,grinnedandaskedDaveifhewasn’tgoingtohavesomebread.晚飯快吃完時(shí)，丹看上去還沒吃飽，于是他笑著問戴夫還要不要吃些面包?？键c(diǎn)歸納一、兩種典型的同位語從句歸納要點(diǎn)精講：①同位語從句常放在fact,news,truth,doubt,belief,thought,problem等詞后面，對(duì)名詞做進(jìn)一步解釋說明，連接詞只能用that，且不能省略。②注意：havenoidea后面接who,what,when等wh-類連接詞。Ididn'treceivethenewsthatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.我沒有聽到會(huì)議被推遲的消息。Informationhasbeenputforwardthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.有消息透露，大學(xué)將招收更多的中學(xué)畢業(yè)生。Youcanhavenoideawhathesaid.你根本想不到他說了些什么。Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。1.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief______youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.2.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon_____themeetingwouldbepostponed.3.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy______children’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.4.—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea________hedidit;that'soneofhisfavouriteuniversities.5.Thereisnodoubt______teachersplayanimportantroleinchildren'sgrowth.考點(diǎn)歸納二、it作形式主語/賓語的名詞性從句要點(diǎn)精講：it用作形式主語，多用于Itis+形容詞/過去分詞+that…從句；用作形式賓語，多用于動(dòng)詞+it+形容詞/名詞+that…從句。①Itis+n.+從句Itisapity/shamethat...遺憾的是……Itisasurprisethat…令人驚奇的是…Itisafactthat……是事實(shí)Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常識(shí)②Itis+adj.+從句It’scertainthat…肯定…Itispossiblethat...很可能……Itisunlikelythat...不可能……Itisobviousthat…很明顯…Itisnecessary\important\natural\...that…+(should)+do…③It+不及物動(dòng)詞+從句Ithappenedthat...碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起…③It+be+過去分詞+從句Itissaidthat...據(jù)說……Itisknowntoallthat...眾所周知……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……Itisbelievedthat...據(jù)信……;人們相信……Itissuggestedthat+(should）do...建議……Itmustbeadmittedthat…必須承認(rèn)……Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否認(rèn)……Itmustbepointedoutthat…需指出的是……在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。1.Itdoesn’tmatter_____youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.2.Itisbynomeansclear________thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.3.Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious__________theproblemitselfis.4._____isknowntousallthatthe2022OlympicWinterGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.5.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim___________hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.6.Youmaydependon___________thatallgoodswillbeshippedabroadintime.考點(diǎn)歸納三、名詞性從句中的時(shí)態(tài)照應(yīng)要點(diǎn)精講：主句是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)；若從句表示客觀事實(shí)或真理，則從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。（一）主句謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞可以用任何需要的時(shí)態(tài)。Iwonderwhatheisdoingnow.我想知道他現(xiàn)在在干什么。Doyouknowwhenandwherehewasborn?你知道他在何時(shí)何地出身嗎？I'llwritetotellhimwhereI'llmeethim.我將寫信告訴他我將在哪里與他碰面。（二）主句謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞一般需用過去時(shí)。1.從句與主句的謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。Ithoughtthathestudiedhard.我認(rèn)為他學(xué)習(xí)很努力。HetoldmehissonwaswatchingTV.他告訴我他的兒子在看電視。2.從句謂語動(dòng)作在主句謂語動(dòng)作之后，從句用過去將來時(shí)。HesaidhewouldspendhisholidaysinQingdao.他告訴我他將在青島度假。3.從句謂語動(dòng)作在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前，從句用過去完成時(shí)。Theytoldmetheyhadwaitedformehalfanhour.他們告訴我他們已經(jīng)等了我半小時(shí)了。4.從句如果有表示過去某一具體時(shí)間的狀語，仍用過去時(shí)。Shetoldmeherbrotherdiedin1945.她告訴我她的哥哥死于1945年。（三）從句時(shí)態(tài)不受下列客觀的條件影響。1.從句說明的是不受時(shí)間限制的事實(shí)或真理（客觀真理）。Theteachertoldusthattheearthturnsfromwesttoeast.老師告訴我們地球自西向東轉(zhuǎn)。Itwastruethatwaterfreezesatthirty-twodegreesFahrenheit.水在的確是在32華氏度結(jié)冰的。2.當(dāng)從句表示的是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)不變。Shetoldmethatshegetsupatsixo'clockeverymorning.她告訴我她每天早晨6點(diǎn)起床。Heaskedmewhenthetrainusuallystarts.他向我詢問火車通常何時(shí)出發(fā)。用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Ourteacheroncetoldmelight_________(travel)muchfasterthansound.2.Didyoupredictthatmanystudents____________(sign)upforthedancecompetition?3.Afterschoolwewenttothereading-room,onlytobetoldthatit_________________(decorate).4.Georgesaidthathe_____________(come)toschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn’t.5.WhenAlicecametoherself,shedidnotknowhowlongshe______________(lie)there.一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子1.__________addstotheamazementmaybetheoccasionalsightofgoldensnub-nosedmonkeysandconstantsoundsofbirdssinging.2.Nooneknows__________theanimalshavewalkedsofarawayfromtheiroriginalhabitat.3.Peoplealwayssaythatfishinginshallowwaterinautumnmakessense.That’s__________temperaturesdecreasequicklyandsunshinedoesn’treachdeepwaterthoroughly.4.Thisskillis__________supportstheenormouspromiseoffacial-recognitionsoftwareinthe21stcentury.Itisalsowhatmakescontemporarysurveillance(監(jiān)控)systemssoscary.5.Accordingto__________wasreleasedbyChina’sStateCouncilinAugustlastyear,thecountryaimstoestablishatleastoneuniversityforelderlypeopleineverycounty-levelregionby2025.6.These3000-year-oldsymbols,jiaguwen,werecarvedonturtleshellsorbonesofanimals,andcangiveusinsightinto__________ancientChinesesawtheworldaroundthemandintotheirgreatcreativity.7.Infact,everyonecanrealizehisdream.Keeptellingyourself__________youwant.8.VisitorsgototheGettythinkingtheyarevisitingamuseumwithworksofartontheinside.__________theydiscoverinsteadisaworkofartwithamuseuminside.9.__________fascinateswesternersistheChinesebamboocultureanditslonghistory.10.Itincreasesconfidenceandindependence,offersyouachancetolearnnewcrafts,andgivesyoutimetoreflecton__________universityisrightforyou.11.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence__________theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.12.Insidetheboatisastatueofababy.Thebabystandsforhumansandtheboatis

__________supportslife.13.Someteensconsiderhighschooltobeterrible,takinguptheirtimeandloadingthemwithmanyendlessresponsibilities;however,forteenswhocanseethebiggerpicture,theycanappreciate__________highschoolissoimportantandhowtomakethemostofit.14.Asamatteroffact,__________themediadoesn’tshowtheworldareotherautomobileaccidents;researchoverthepastseveralyearshasshownthatflyingisthesafestmethodoftransportation.15.Peoplealwayssaythatfishinginshallowwaterinautumnmakessense.That’s__________temperaturesdecreasequicklyandsunshinedoesn’treachdeepwaterthoroughly.16.TherearemanywaysyoucanexperienceteacultureinChina.YoucanvisitateaplantationinHangzhouorelsewheretolearn__________teaisgrownandharvested.17.DiscoveriesmadeduringthelatestexcavationofPitNo.1attheMausoleumofQinShiHuang,China’sfirstemperor,haveallowedChinesearchaeologiststogainmoreinsightinto__________theworld-famousTerracottaWarriorsandtheirweaponsweremade.18.ThatchangedonJan.2,2019,whenChinesespacecraftChang’e4madeasoftlandingon__________isoftenreferredtoasthedarkside.19.BeijingOperacombinessinging,reading,acting,fighting,anddancingtogether,usingactingmethodstopresentcharactersandtellstories.Thatis__________itisacomprehensive(綜合的)art.20.OfallthepowerfulworksofWangXizhi,__________isbestknowntousisLantingjiXu.二、閱讀下列短文,在空白處填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。Passage1“Me”.It'sasmallwordwithbigmeaning,andthatmeaningisasindividualtoeachofusasthewaywelook.Throughinterviews,Iwasabletodiscover1.“me”meanstootherpeople,and2.theyhavelearnttoappreciatethebeautyinthemselves.

Passage2Idon'tcare1.awriterispopularornot.2.interestsmemostistheworkitself.I'vetranslatedsomeworksbyauthorssuchasXiMurongandBiShumin.Ialsokeepacloseeyeonwhat'sbeingself-publishedonlinebynew,youngauthors—theyhavesomegoodideas.

Passage3Thefuturehomewilluseintegratedsensors(集成傳感器)totell1.youleavehomeeachmorning,andthengointoanenergy-efficientmodeallbyitself.Allcontrolswillrespondtovoicecommands,soifyouwanttochangeyourroutine,youjustsayaloud2.youwantandthehomesystemwillobey.

Passage4Haveyoueveraskedyourself1.peopleoftenhavetroublelearningEnglish?Ihadn't,untilonedaymyfive-year-oldsonaskedme2.therewashaminahamburger.Thereisn't.Thismademerealizethatthere'snoeggineggplanteither.

Passage5Tochangebadhabitsisnevereasy,evenwithmanyattempts.ThereisafamoussayingbasedonthephilosophyofAristotle:“Weare1.werepeatedlydo.”Inmanyways,ourlifestyleisthesumofchoiceswehavemade.Wemakeachoicetodosomething,andthenwerepeatitoverandoveragain.Soonthatchoicebecomesautomaticandformsahabitthatismuchhardertochange.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanchange,ifweunderstand2.habitswork.

Passage6Cunninghamalwaysusedsimple,relativelycheapcamerasandtookallhispicturesonthestreetsofNewYork,notinastudio.Althoughhealwaysknew1.fashionablepartiesandeventswerehappening,CunninghamlikedtophotographordinarypeopleinthepoorBronxasmuchasVIPsinrichManhattan.Throughhisfascinationwith2.peoplewerewearing,andnotwhotheywere,heopenedthedoorsoffashiontoeveryone—fashionashesawitbelongedtothepeople,notjusttohighsocietyandbigbrands.

Passage7Itisawell-knownfact1.thefacessomepeopleshowtotheworldmightbecompletelydifferenttotheirrealpersonalities.Forinstance,mostcomediansneverceasetohavesmilesontheirfacesandalwayssoundcheerfulbecausethat'sthenatureoftheirwork.Fromthis,it'simpossibletoknow2.theirtruefeelingsare.Althoughtheymightbelaughingontheoutside,theymightbeweepingontheinside.3.othersarefeelingisnotsomethingthatweshouldmakeassumptionsabout,becauseit'snotalwaysobviouswhoistrulyhappy.4.iscertainisthatcomediansoftenusecomedytohelpthemunderstandthemselvesandtheworld.Infact,comedyisaveryseriousjobindeed!

Passage8WhenreadingTheRoadNotTaken,onecannothelpbutseeinone'smindimagesofapeacefulwooddeepwithinthecountryside.Pathsinthewoodsareoftenusedtosymbolize1.ourlivesprogressandchange.Thelines“Tworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,/AndsorryIcouldnottravelboth”giveusavisualrepresentationofthechoicesthatwefaceandthedecisionsthatweneedtomake.Lifethrowsmanyalternativesatusonadailybasis.Theserangefromthebasic“WhatshouldIweartoday?”tothekeyissuesof2.sub