專(zhuān)題四　第2講　名詞性從句

第2講名詞性從句

英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題專(zhuān)題四時(shí)間名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的句子，它的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，因此名詞性從句又可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。Manystudentsdon’tknowwhattheyshoulddo①，butwhatXiaoMengwantstodo②isearnmoney.Thereasonisthatshewantstolessenherparents’burden③.Itissaidthatmanysmallcompaniesneedgraduatestodopart-timejobs②.XiaoMenghasappliedfortwojobsbutsheisnotsurewhethershewillbeemployed①.Shealsowonderswhenshewillbeadmittedtoacollege①andwhichcityshewillgo①.Sheisanxiousforthenewsthatsheisadmittedtoagooduniversity④.規(guī)則感悟①位于及物動(dòng)詞或形容詞之后的從句是賓語(yǔ)從句。②謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的從句為主語(yǔ)從句。此外，該從句可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)。③位于be動(dòng)詞之后的從句是表語(yǔ)從句。④位于抽象名詞之后，解釋該名詞內(nèi)容的從句為同位語(yǔ)從句。1.名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞如下表所示

引導(dǎo)詞功能從屬連詞that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒(méi)有詞匯意義whether，if在從句中不作任何成分，意為“是否”because，asif/though在從句中不作任何成分，分別意為“因?yàn)椤薄昂孟瘛?/p>

引導(dǎo)詞功能連接代詞who(ever)，whom(ever)，what(ever)，whose，which-(ever)who(ever)和what(ever)在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；whom(ever)在從句中作賓語(yǔ)；which(ever)在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)；whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)連接副詞when(ever)，where，wherever，why，how(ever)在從句中作狀語(yǔ)2.名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述語(yǔ)序Doyouknowwherewillthepartybeheld？(×)Doyouknowwherethepartywillbeheld？(√)3.名詞性從句的時(shí)態(tài)(1)當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))時(shí)，從句可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用各種時(shí)態(tài)。Itannoysmethathebrokemyfavouritevase.他打碎了我最喜歡的花瓶，這令我很生氣。Doyouknowwhenandwhereheboughtthebook？你知道他什么時(shí)候在哪里買(mǎi)的這本書(shū)嗎？Ihaveheardthatourteacherwillcomebacktomorrow.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)我們的老師明天就回來(lái)了。(2)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句若不是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)或真理，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用某種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。Iaskedherifshewouldallowmetointerviewher，andshereadilyagreed.我問(wèn)她是否允許我采訪她，她欣然同意了。Myteachersaidthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.老師說(shuō)太陽(yáng)從東方升起西方落下。(客觀真理)4.what與that的用法that是從屬連詞，在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，也沒(méi)有任何意義。而what是連接代詞，在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，通常充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。IbelievethatIwillsucceedifIstudyhard.我相信如果我努力學(xué)習(xí)我會(huì)成功的。Ibelievewhathesaidbecauseheisanhonestman.我相信他說(shuō)的話，因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。5.whether與if的用法(1)用whether或if均可的情況①引導(dǎo)大部分動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，兩者均可使用。②it作形式主語(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)從句在句末時(shí)，兩者均可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。(2)用whether而不用if的情況①引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)；②引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；③引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；④引導(dǎo)詞與ornot連用時(shí)；⑤引導(dǎo)詞后接todo時(shí)；⑥有些動(dòng)詞如discuss，decide等后的賓語(yǔ)從句。6.what，who，which與whatever，whoever，whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別(1)what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句意為“什么”，帶有疑問(wèn)意味；意為“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思。who意思是“誰(shuí)”，帶有疑問(wèn)意味；which意思是“哪一個(gè)”，帶有疑問(wèn)意味。Doyouknowwhobrokethewindow?你知道是誰(shuí)打壞的窗子嗎？(2)whatever，whoever，whichever意思分別為“所……的一切事或東西”“任何……的人”“……的任何一種東西”等，并且充當(dāng)成分，相當(dāng)于anythingthat，anyonewho等。Sheisverydeartome.Wehavebeenpreparedtodowhateverittakestosaveherlife.＝Sheisverydeartome.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoanythingthatittakestosaveherlife.她是我的至親，我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了不惜一切代價(jià)救她的命。7.that不可省略的情況(1)that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句且從句置于句首時(shí)；that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。(2)當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)后接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省略，其他的that不可省略。Shesaid(that)herambitionwastoenterakeyuniversity，thatshewouldstudyhardtomakeherdreamcometrue，andthatshewouldliveuptoherparents’expectations.她說(shuō)她的志向是考上一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)，她會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想，不辜負(fù)父母的期望。8.同位語(yǔ)從句位于表示概念或思維的抽象名詞之后，對(duì)該抽象名詞起解釋說(shuō)明的作用常見(jiàn)的抽象名詞有news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。Atfirstmanypeoplewereastonishedattheconclusionthattheearthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse.起初很多人對(duì)地球不是宇宙中心這一結(jié)論感到驚訝。9.why與because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別why與because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。Ihadacold.ThatwaswhyIdidn’tattendschool.我感冒了，因此我沒(méi)去上學(xué)。Ididn’tattendschool.ThatwasbecauseIhadacold.我沒(méi)去上學(xué)，那是因?yàn)槲腋忻傲?。注意?1)句子的主語(yǔ)為thereason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)，表示原因，此時(shí)不用because。Thereasonwhyshewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.她生病的原因是她吃了變質(zhì)的肉。(2)由why引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。Whywedecidedtoputoffthematchwasthattheweatherwastooterrible.我們決定推遲比賽的原因是天氣太糟糕了。10.asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句通常置于系動(dòng)詞look，seem，sound，be等后面，從句中既可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Itsoundsasifsomebodyisknockingat/onthedoor.聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像有人在敲門(mén)。Shetreatshimasifhewereastranger.她待他如陌生人。11.同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句是用于解釋說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，而定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)作先行詞的名詞的限制、描繪或說(shuō)明。that在同位語(yǔ)從句中只是連接主從句，沒(méi)有任何意義，不在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分；that在定語(yǔ)從句中是關(guān)系代詞，不但連接主從句，而且指代被修飾的名詞或代詞(即先行詞)，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。IhadnoideathatBrisbanehassomanypeople!(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略)Theidea(that)heputforwardatthemeetingisveryreasonable.(that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略)1.Peoplewonder

Qizaiisbrown，giventhathismotherisblackandwhite.Scientistsguessthatit’sduetosomegeneticmutation(基因突變).2.AsianelephantsareamongthemosthighlyprotectedanimalsinChinaand

drovetheelephantstomaketheirlongtripisstillunknown.3.TheyinteractedwithstudentsfromfiveclassroomsacrossChinaandshowedviewers

theyliveandworkinsidethespacestation.對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)whywhathow4.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewas

hewascaughtinatrafficjam.5.Heexpressedhishope

hewouldvisitChinaagain.6.IwasinsuchahurrythatIpaidnoattentionto

ornotthemilkwashot.對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)thatthatwhether1.

issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.(2021·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)2.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere，whichis

wearrived.3.Everyyear，

makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.4.Youhavetoknow

you’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.5.Sheaskedme

Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary，andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.Whathowwhoeverwherewhether/ifPARTONE考點(diǎn)分層演練單句語(yǔ)法填空層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練1.Hewasnotlookingforothers’smiles，orworryingabout________

someonewaswatchingornot.2.HelenMcCarthy，anauthorandexpertonJapaneseCartoons，explained

thecharacterissopopular.“BecauseHelloKittyisallabouthappiness，friendshipandfun.”3.Myfirsttaskwastodecidewheretogoand

togetthere.4.Studentscanchoose

theywanttodoandregisteronline.whetherwhyhowwhat/whatever5.MrWhiteisopposedtorepairingtheoldbuilding，andthat’s

Idon’tagree.6.Theproblemis

onelesshourofsleepisnotequaltoanextrahourofachievement.7.Twenty-fiveyearslaterthetravelerreturnedtothesameplace.

hesawamazedhim.Hecouldnotbelievehisowneyes.8.Itwasnotclear

thewaterinthereservoirwouldriseagain，andtheexposedwallsoflargebuildingsintheoldcitywoulddisappear.層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練wherethatWhatwhen9.Theoutputsareamazinglyvarieddependingon

iswritingtheorders.10.Arealsmileoftencausestheeyestolightuporbecomesmaller.Thisis_________

moremusclesareusedwhenwearehappy.層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練whobecause單句語(yǔ)法填空層級(jí)二高考真題練1.TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis

theyneedanEnglishtrainer.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)2.Cobb，forherpart，startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak

shecoulddosoremotely.(2022·浙江1月)3.“Hesavedmyson’slife，”saidMrsBrown.“Idon’tknow

tothankhim.”(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)whywhether/ifhow4.Thepoorwomanwasn’tabletogivehimanyinformationabout______

shelived.(2021·北京)5.ItseemedthatIhadbecome

myparentshadwantedmetobe.(2021·天津6月)6.WhatpuzzlesLily’sfriendsis

shealwayshassomanycrazyideas.(2021·天津3月)7.Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson

couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.(2020·浙江7月)層級(jí)二高考真題練wherewhatwhy/thatwhat8.Itisnotaproblem

wecanwinthebattle；it’sjustamatteroftime.(2020·江蘇)9.Thestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrue______

ProfessorJosephhadsaid.(2020·天津7月)10.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence

theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic，andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)層級(jí)二高考真題練whether/ifwhatthat語(yǔ)法填空層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練1.

worriesmyclassmateMaryalotthesedaysis2.

sheputsontoomuchweightandsheisfrequentlyill.Shehassomedoubts3.________sheeatstoomuchfastfoodhighinfatorsugar.Also，withtheCollegeEntranceExaminationapproaching，shebecomesmorestressfulandshecan’tsleepwellthesedays.Whatthat語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的同學(xué)瑪麗因?yàn)樽罱至撕芏喽医?jīng)常生病而煩惱，她的父母建議她向王教授咨詢(xún)。在王教授的幫助下，她通過(guò)均衡飲食和運(yùn)動(dòng)變得越來(lái)越健康。whether1.考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，第一個(gè)空引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，表示“什么，所……的”，故用what。位于句首，注意首字母大寫(xiě)。故填What。2.考查表語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，is后面為表語(yǔ)從句，從句成分完整，因此用that引導(dǎo)，that無(wú)實(shí)際意義，在句中不作任何成分。故填that。3.考查同位語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，doubt后接的是同位語(yǔ)從句，從句說(shuō)的是doubt的內(nèi)容，從句中不缺少成分，缺少“是否”的意思，故填whether。層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練Maybethisis4.

shebecomesfatterthesedays，shethinks.5.

shebecomesslimmerandhealthierhasbeenhermaintask.Soshewantstoconsultsomeexpertsandgainsomeinstructions.Butwhereshecangetbettersuggestionsand6.

willgiveherbetteradvicealsopuzzleher.whyHowwho4.考查表語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少成分，表示“……的原因”，故填why。5.考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，hasbeen前為主語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意，表示“如何，怎樣”，需用how。位于句首，注意首字母大寫(xiě)。故填How。6.考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，空格處為主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，表示“誰(shuí)”，故填who。層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練Itisherparents’suggestion7._____sheshouldconsultProfessorWanginZhongshanHospital.ProfessorWangsuggests8.

shekeepabalanceddietfirst.Sheshouldeatvegetablesandfruithighinfiber，vitaminandprotein.What’smore，ifshewantstoloseweight，shehadbettertakeregularexercisemorethanhalfanhouraday.thatthat7.考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，It為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為空后的從句，從句中不缺少成分，且意義完整，故填that。8.考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，suggests后接的是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少成分，且意義完整，故填that。層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練MaryaskedProfessorWang9.

sheshouldtakeexercise.ProfessorWangadvisedhertotakeexerciseat5o’clockintheafternoon.Thatis10._________shewillhavemoretimetodosports.ItiswiththehelpofProfessorWangthatMaryhasbecomemuchhealthiernow.whenbecause9.考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，ask接雙賓語(yǔ)，空后為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)下文可知此處表示“什么時(shí)間”，故填when。10.考查表語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少成分，表示“原因”，故填because。PARTTWO語(yǔ)法鏈接寫(xiě)作1.what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句最顯眼運(yùn)用(2021·浙江6月)令我驚訝的是，我爸爸允許我按照我的意愿使用這筆錢(qián)。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________典例(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ、Ⅱ)你說(shuō)的話給了我很大的鼓勵(lì)，激發(fā)了我寫(xiě)作的動(dòng)力。Whatyousaidgavemeagreatdealofencouragement，whichinspiredmymotivationforwriting.WhatsurprisedmewasthatmydadallowedmetousethemoneyasIwished.2.同位語(yǔ)從句放在開(kāi)頭實(shí)力開(kāi)篇運(yùn)用(2021·全國(guó)乙)沒(méi)有人能否認(rèn)在線學(xué)習(xí)正變得越來(lái)越流行這一事實(shí)。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________典例(2023·天津6月)我相信這樣的活動(dòng)對(duì)于促進(jìn)跨文化理解和欣賞至關(guān)重要，我很高興有機(jī)會(huì)分享自己的技能和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，作為這項(xiàng)努力的一部分。Iholdthebeliefthatsucheventsarecrucialforpromotingcross-culturalunderstandingandappreciation，andIamthrilledtohavetheopportunitytosharemyownskillsandexperienceaspartofthiseffort.Noonecandenythefactthatonlinelearningisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.3.表語(yǔ)從句之前的連詞要考慮周全運(yùn)用(2021·北京)很抱歉，我不能按計(jì)劃和你出去。原因是我弟弟前幾天摔斷了腿，我必須照顧他。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________典例(2022·全國(guó)甲)我們必須采取措施來(lái)保護(hù)海洋的原因是它的污染正變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。Thereasonwhywemusttakemeasurestoprotecttheoceanisthatitspollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.I’msorrythatIcan’tgoout