Unit7單元語法知識點(diǎn)梳理及單元練習(xí)牛津譯林版英語八年級下冊

英語學(xué)科講義課程內(nèi)容8BU7知識點(diǎn)講解被動語態(tài)的基本知識語態(tài)：英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞的形式表現(xiàn)出來的，用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系，英語的動詞有兩種語態(tài)形式，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的對象，謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)。2.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化：①將主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語；②將主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞改為“be＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；③將主動語態(tài)的主語改為介詞by之后的賓語，放在謂語動詞之后（有時可省略）。例：Wevisitedthatfactorylastsummer.主動語態(tài)主語謂語賓語狀語Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer被動語態(tài)主語謂語賓語狀語例題：把下列句子改為被動句Johndrewabeautifulhorselastweek._______________________________________________【答案】AbeautifulhorsewasdrawnbyJohnlastweek.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines._______________________________________________【答案】Metalisusedformakingmachinesbypeople.Heaskedmetodothatforhim._______________________________________________【答案】Iwasaskedtodothatforhim.Theysoldoutthelightgreendresses._______________________________________________【答案】Thelightgreendressesweresoldoutbythem.3.用法：被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況：（1）不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者；例：Thisclothismadeofcotton.（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者。例：Herbikeisstolen.4.一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+過去分詞WearetaughtEnglishbyher.由她教我們英語。一般過去時was/were+過去分詞ApresentwasgiventomebyMary.瑪麗給了我一件禮物。例1：—Ourclassroom____________everyday.—Soitis.It'sourdutytokeepitcleanandtidy.A.cleansB.iscleaningC.iscleanedD.cleaning例2：Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople’slifealotsinceit_________.A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented例3：Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，peoplewillhavetoshouttobeheardevenatdinner．A.arenotkeptB.arenotkeepC.donotkeepD.donotkept【答案】CDA知識點(diǎn)2：不用于被動語態(tài)的動詞①不及物動詞不用于被動語態(tài)，如appear,eout,happen,takeplace等不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。例1：Greatchanges______________place.Manynewschools______________.A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopenC.aretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopened【答案】A②表狀態(tài)動詞不用于被動語態(tài)，常見的有：hold,have,cost,contain,bee,looklike等例：這本書花了我20元。（用cost翻譯）_____________________________【答案】Thebookcostme20yuan.知識點(diǎn)3：主動形式表被動意義某些感官動詞和系動詞接形容詞可以表示被動意義。如：look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound等例：Herbedroomlooksverycleanandtidy.她的臥室看起來非常干凈和整潔。2)某些作表語的形容詞后，用不定式主動形式表示被動意義。例：Theconversationishardtounderstand.對這話很難理解。Thefishisnoteasytofish.魚不容易釣。Thepassageisdifficulttoread.這段文章很難讀懂。3)write,sell,wash和read和副詞連用，主動語態(tài)表被動意義。例：Thepenwritessmoothly.這筆寫起來很順手。Thearticlereadswell.這篇文章讀起來很好。例1：Doyoulikethematerial?

Yes,it___verysoft.

A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt

例2：Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A.writeB.towriteC.tobewrittenD.written例3：Thepositiondoesn’t____anymore.A.needtobecorrectingB.needtobecorrectedC.needbecorrectedD.needbecorrecting例4：Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?

Oh,excellent.It'sworth___asecondtime.

A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread

【答案】CBBC知識點(diǎn)4：感官動詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice及使役動詞let,make,have等，動詞后省略to不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應(yīng)加上不定式符合to.例：Ialwaysseetheboysplayinthepark.(變成被動語態(tài))Theboysarealwaysseentoplaybymeinthepark.例1：Hewasmade___alotofwork.A.do B.todo C.didD.doing例2：Hewasseensomethingfromtheshop.A.stealB.tostealC.tobestolenD.stealed【答案】BB【鞏固訓(xùn)練】

一、單項填空(10分)()1.Weshouldtellpeoplenottosmokeshowingthemtheharmofsmoking.A.ofB.withC.inD.by()2.Aftertheearthquake,thevolunteersfoodandmedicinetothesurvivors.A.handedoutB.cameoutC.workedoutD.soldout()3.—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.—I'msorry,butIwhentostart.A.won'tbetoldB.amnottoldC.wasn'ttoldD.didn'ttell()4.About71%oftheEarthcoveredwithwater.A.areB.isC.wereD.being()5.ofthestudentsarefromLondon.Theyareyounggirls.A.Mostly;mostB.Almost;mostlyC.Mostly;almostD.Most;mostly()6.Iusedtolivepaychecktopayback(月光).Butnow,Ihaveahabitofsavingonethirdofmymoneyeverymonth.A.improvedB.developedC.protectedD.caused()7.Ourmonitorfinishedfirstinthepetition,andwewereveryhim.A.busywithB.famousforC.goodatD.proudof()8.—HowmanycakescanIhave?—None,dear.Theyforyourfather.A.prepareB.preparedC.havepreparedD.areprepared()9.—Becarefulwhenyouaredriving,inarainstormlikethis.—Thanks.Iwill.A.seriouslyB.exactlyC.especiallyD.mostly()10.—I'mgoingbacktoseemyparentsthisafternoon.—.A.It'sveryniceofyouB.You'dbetterhurryC.SaygoodbyetothemD.Givemybestwishestothem二、完形填空(10分)WhenIwaselevenyearsold,mylifechangedforeverwhenIgotaseriousdisease.Mylifewas1withoperationsandtreatments.Ifeltstressed(有壓力的)becauseIwasreallyuncertain2everythingthatwashappening.Oneday,Iwasreceivingmythirteenthoperationinthehospital.Beingawayfrommyfriendsandschoolwascausingmealmostasmuch3astheoperationitself.Duringthathospitalstay,Ireceivedacardfromavolunteer.Thatsimple4meantmuchtomeandgavemehopeagainduringmytimeofneed.I'llnever5thewayIfeltafterthatsmallkindness.IstartedcreatinganorganizationcalledCardsforHospitalizedKids.Thecharitybeganwithjusta6dreamofgivinghope,joyandmagictothosekids.Itlaterturnedintoanationalorganizationthatsentcardstoover5000sickkidsatmorethan50hospitals7thecountry.Itishardtobelievethatsuchasmallactcandosomuchgood,8itdoes.Seeingapictureofachild9oneofourcardswithsmilemakesuskeepthiswonderfulcharityalive.10mightprovidemedicineforthesesickkids,butweprovidethatlittlebitofhopeandmagicthat'llgoalongway.()1.A.lightedB.matchedC.filledD.painted()2.A.aboutB.withC.overD.towards()3.A.funB.painC.careD.danger()4.A.actB.jobC.gameD.lesson()5.A.mindB.leadC.forgetD.risk()6.A.greatB.possibleC.perfectD.simple()7.A.alongB.betweenC.besideD.across()8.A.soB.butC.forD.or()9.A.sellingB.printingC.holdingD.cleaning()10.A.TeachersB.FriendsC.PatientsD.Doctors三、閱讀理解(16分)ASpringwillsoonbeingtoanendandwithitisourScavengerHuntPhotopetition.ThispetitionchallengesyoutofindaphotographaboutnaturaltreasuresforachancetowinaCanonPowerShotZoomcameraworth(值……的錢)￡299andbookbundleworth￡60.Allyouhavetodoistoheadoutdoorswithacameraandtakesomephotosofnaturalwonders.Thenpickyourfavouritesandsendthemtous.It'sthateasy.We'relookingforthemostinterestingpictures,frombreathtakingviewstocuteanimals.Youcanfindallthecategoriesatscavengcrhunt.Toenter,youwillneedpermission(同意)fromparents.Thedeadlineforsubmission(提交)is11:59p.m.on31May,2024.Winnerswillbeannounced(宣布)on17June,2024.*Makesure*Makesureanadultknowswhereyouareatalltimes.*Takecarenottodisturb(打擾)theanimalsandplantsyoufind.*Takephotosbutnothingelse,anddon'tleaveanyrubbish.*Washyourhandswhenyougethome.()1.Thepetitionisspeciallyheldfor.A.parentsB.adultsC.teachersD.children()2.Photosweledinthispetitionaremainlyabout.A.treasuresathomeB.amazingviewsC.rubbishinnatureD.cutenewbornbabies()3.Whatcanweinfer(推斷)fromthetext?A.Childrencannotenterthepetitionifparentsdon'tallowthemtodoso.B.Theycangettoknowabouttheresultofthepetitionon31May,2024.C.Childrenwhoharmtheinsectswhentakingphotoscannotenterthepetition.D.Childrenshouldwashhandsbeforetakingphotosinordertokeepthecameraclean.BAsateenager,doyoufeelhelplesswhenhavingproblemswithyourparents?ChenZanzao,a17yearoldboyfromShenzhen,hascreatedacharitymunitycalledDearTheodosiatoofferprofessional(專業(yè)的)helptofamiliesfacingsimilarproblems.Itnowhas2000regularparticipants(參與者).Chen'sideawasinspired(激發(fā))bythethreechildpolicy(政策),"MyfriendSinaandIthoughtitwouldbringproblemslikeparentalfavoritism(偏心),"Chensaid."Mostfamiliesstilldon'tknowanymethodstodealwith(解決)this."Theystartedtoresearchbothscientificparentingstylesandpeople'sneeds.Theyreadalotofstudiesontheproblemandsurveyedmorethan1000people.Theyfoundthatthehealthiestfamilyrelationships(關(guān)系)arewhenparentstakeanactivepartintheirchildren'slives.Theythenstartedthemunitytospreadtheidea."WeholdtalksanddiscussionsaswellasgoonradioandTVprogrammestospreadusefulinformation,"Chensaid.ChenandhisfriendSinawoulddooneononeconversationswithpeoplewhofeltselfconscious(難為情的)aboutsharingtheirstories."It'sunderstandablethatatfirst,theyneedtimetotrustussinceweareyoung,"Chensaid."Butlisteningisthekey,andslowlytheywillrealizethatweareprofessional.""Wemetmanyparentssaying,'Ineverthoughtraisingachildwouldbethisdifficult',soIthinkit'sreallyimportantthatparentsthinkthroughiftheycouldtaketheresponsibility(責(zé)任)beforetheyrushintoanything,"Chenadded.()4.Howdoesthewriterintroducethetopic(主題)?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byparison(對比).C.Byraisingquestions.D.Bytellingstories,

()5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword‘it’inParagraph1referto?__________

A.DearTheodosiaB.professionalhelp

C.asimilarproblemD.afamily()6.Whydoesthewritermention"threechildpolicy"inParagraph2?A.Toadvisechildrentogetalongwellwiththeirbrothersandsisters.B.Toencourage(鼓勵)parentstodealwithfamilyproblems.C.Tocallforparentstohavemorechildren.D.TotelluswhyhestartedDearTheodosia.()7.Whichofthefollowingwayswasnotusedtospreadusefulinformation?A.Holdingtalks.B.Givingshows.C.GoingonTVprogrammes,D.Holdingdiscussions.()8.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.1000peopleweresurveyedbyChenandhisfriend.B.C.PeoplearealwayswillingtoopentheirheartstoChen.D.ParentscanquicklyrealizethatChenisprofessional.四、信息還原(5分)Youmayseepeopleinneedonnewsafteratyphoon(臺風(fēng)).1.Ormaybeyou'veeacrosslostdogshopingyoucouldgivethemahome.2.Theansweristobevolunteers!Volunteeringmeansspendingsomeofyourfreetimeandenergyhelpingothers.Peoplevolunteertohelpothersinmanyways.3.Volunteersvisithomesofoldpeopleandsickchildren.Theyreadbookstothemandchatwiththem.InShenzhen,schoolstudentsvolunteertoteachchildrenwithbrain(腦)diseases,4.Forexample,manychildreninChinavolunteertobeenarrators(講解員)inmuseums.Theyneedtoreceivehistoryandmunicationlessonsfirst.Peoplecanalsovolunteertoprotecttheenvironment.5.Volunteeringtakesupyourtime,butitshowsyourcareforothers.A.Theusualwayistogiveawayfreetime.B.Somevolunteeringasksforlotsofmoney.C.Sowhatcanyoudotohelpthesepeopleandanimals?D.Somevolunteeringasksforspecialknowledgeortraining.E.Volunteersneedtofindtherightwaytohelppeopleinneed.F.Theycanjoinsomeorganizationstoplanttreesandclearrubbish.G.Maybeyou'vewalkedpasthomelesspeopleonthestreets.五、詞匯檢測(9分)1.—Doyouknowallthe(病人)well,Dr.Ma?—Sure.Inthisway,Icanhavemorechancestocurethem.2.Shehada(檢查)onthetires(輪胎)beforedrivingonthehighway.3.Thedoctortoldhimthatthiskindof(藥)mightworkonhim.4.TheInternetmakesthe(擴(kuò)散)ofinformationbeequickerandquicker.5.The(基本的)payoftheworkershasrisenby3percent.6.Peopleinnorthern(印度)begantoplaychessnearly1500yearsago.7.Theopeningceremony(儀式)ofthe19thAsianGameswashattheHangzhouOlympicSportsCentre.8.Whydoesyourfacelooksop?What'swrongwithyou?9.Thetyphoonwillsweepacrosslotsofcountries,iChinaandJapan.六、從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語，在橫線上填入其正確形式。每個單詞或短語僅用一次(5分)forprotectsothatsetuprightSavetheChildrenisaninternationalorganizationthatprotectschildren's1.andhelpssupportchildrenindevelopingcountries,Itwas2.intheUnitedKingdomin1919.Itprovidesfoodandwater3.thechildrenwhoareaffected(影響)bynaturaldisasters,warsandotherserioussituations.Italsoprovidesbettereducation,healthcareandeconomic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的)chances4.livesofchildrencanbeimproved.SavetheChildrenworkswiththesupportfromtheUN.Now,SavetheChildrenhas5.lotsofchildrenfromtheeffectsofwarsinGazaStrip(加沙地帶).七、短文填空(10分)AgroupoffifteenyearoldsatSunshineSchoolareholdingacharitysaletoraisemoneytohelptheirclassmateLisa.Lisa1.(have)cerebralpalsy(腦癱)whenshewasababy.Lisahastouseawheelchair(輪椅)tohelp2.(she)getaround."Lisahasthechanceofstandingup,butsheneeds3.operationwhichcostsmuchmoney,"thedoctorsaid."IneverthoughtthatIcouldstanduponeday.Infact,thenewsis4.(surprise)forme.However,whenIseemyparentsworriedaboutthecost,Iamsad.Iamusedto5.(sit)onawheelchair.Idon'tmindevenifIcan'tstandup,"Lisasaid."Nowmyclassmatesandsomekindpeoplearehelpingme.Iamreallythankful.IfIstooduponeday,Iwouldtrymy6.(good)tohelpothers.""Whil