職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級模擬40

［模擬］職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級模擬40

詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有

括號或下劃線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與括號

里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第1題：

Idon'tknowwhyeverythingaroundmeisgoinginto(confusion).

A.consideration

B.puzzle

C.attraction

D.contradiction

參考答案：B

本題考查的是常見的名詞。Confusion混亂，迷惑；consideration考慮；puzzle

難題，迷惑；attraction吸引；contract合同，所以正確答案為B。

第2題：

Ihavebeentryingto(giveup)smoking.

A.giveoff

B.putup

C.quit

D.accept

參考答案：C

本題考查的是常見的動詞短語。Giveup放棄；giveoff發(fā)出；putup掛起；

quit離開，停止；accept接受，所以正確答案為C。

第3題：

Ihaveextreme(sense)ofhappinessatthismoment.

A.hope

B.wish

C.feeling

D.dream

參考答案：C

本題考查常見的名詞。Sense感覺：hope希望；wish希望；feeling感覺；dream

夢，夢想，所以正確答案為C。

第4題:

1

Theyhavethe(capability)tocompletethetaskinaweek.

A.possibility

B.competence

C.courage

D.mixture

參考答案：B

本題考查的是常見的名詞。Capability能力；possibility可能性;competence

能力；courage勇氣；mixture混合，所以正確答案為B。

第5題：

Itwillbefullof(hazards)onthewaytosuccess.

A.hopes

B.dangers

C.helps

D.dreams

參考答案：B

本題考查的是常見的名詞。Hazard危險(xiǎn)；hope希望；danger危險(xiǎn)；help幫助；

goal目標(biāo)，所以正確答案為B。

第6題：

Theboyistooyoungto(discriminate)rightfromwrong.

A.infer

B.access

C.distinguish

D.recognize

參考答案：C

本題考查的是常見的動詞。Discriminate區(qū)別；inter推斷；access接觸，接

近；distinguish區(qū)別；recognize認(rèn)出，所以正確答案為C。

第7題：

Shewasso(grateful)tohimanddecidedtomarryhim.

A.careful

B.useful

C.hopeful

D.thankful

參考答案：D

2

本題考杏的是常見的形容詞。Grateful感激的；careful小心的；useful有用

的；hopeful有希望的；thankful感激的，感謝的，所以正確答案為D。

第8題：

Theproperprocedurecontributedtothesatisfying(outcome).

A.result

B.assessment

C.estimation

D.sources

參考答案：A

本題考查的是常見的名詞。Outcome結(jié)果；result結(jié)果；assessment評估；

estimation估計(jì)；source來源，所以正確答案為A。

第9題：

Heis(suspicious)abouthermotivationtoattendtheparty.

A.sure

B.angry

C.doubtful

D.worried

參考答案：C

本題考查的是常見的形容詞。Suspicious懷疑的；sure確定的；angry生氣的;

doubtful懷疑的；worried擔(dān)心的,所以正確答案為C。

第10題：

Thelittleboy(employed)anunexpectedmethodtogettheresult.

A.adapted

B.adopted

C.assigned

D.appointed

參考答案：B

本題考查的是常見的動詞。Employ雇傭，使用；adapt改編，適應(yīng)；adopt采用,

采納；assign分配,指派；appoint任命，所以爭取答案為B。

第11題：

Thesonwasso(concerned)abouttheillnessofhisfather.

A.serious

B.happy

C.lucky

3

D.worded

參考答案：D

本題考查的是常見的形容詞。Concerned關(guān)注的，擔(dān)心的；serious嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)

重的；happy高興的，幸福的；lucky幸運(yùn)的；worried擔(dān)心的，焦慮的，所以

正確答案為D。

第12題：

Youhavetomakesurethatyouhavechosena(secure)solution.

A.clear

B.secret

C.advisable

D.safe

參考答案：D

本題考查的是常見形容詞。Secure安全的；clear清楚的；secret秘密的；

advisable明智的；safe安全的，所以正確答案為D。

第13題：

Hestrangeclothesandmake-upreally(astonished)thepeopleatthe

party.

A.attached

B.shocked

C.attracted

D.shifted

參考答案：B

本題考查的是常見的動詞。Astonish使…吃驚；attach系上，貼上；shock使???

吃驚；attract吸引；shift變化，移動，所以正確答案為B。

第14題：

Themanhas(acquired)animportantstatusinthiscompany.

A.caught

B.attached

C.compressed

D.obtained

參考答案：D

本題考查常見的動詞。Acquire取得，獲得；caught原形為catch抓?。籥ttach

系上，貼上；compress壓縮；obtain取得，所以正確答案為D。

4

第15題：

Hehasbecomea（celebrity）becauseofhiswonderfulperformanceinthe

play.

A.director

B.actor

C.star

D.film-一maker

參考答案：C

本題考查的常見的名詞。Celebrity名人；director導(dǎo)演；actor演員；star

明星；film-maker電影制作人，所以正確答案為C。

閱讀判斷閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)

短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選

擇A項(xiàng)；如果該句提供的錯誤信息，請選擇B項(xiàng)：如果該句的信息文

章中沒有提及，請選擇C項(xiàng)。

BorntobeBig

In2006scientistsattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthreported

thattheprevalenceofobesity（月巴胖）ininfantsunder6monthshadrisen

73percentsince1980.“Thisepidemicofobese6-month-olds,〃asRobert

LustigoftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,callsit,poses

aproblemforconventionalexplanationsofthefatteningofAmerica.

“Sincethey'reeatingonlyformula（酉己方奶）orbreastmilk,andnever

exactlygotalotofexercise,theobviousexplanationsforobesitydon

'tworkforbabies,〃hepointsout."Youhavetolookbeyondtheobvious.

〃

Thesearchforthenon-obvioushasledtoanearly-lifeexposure

toPacesofchemicalsintheenvironment.Evidencehasbeensteadily

accumulatingthatcertainhormone-mimickingpollutants（污染物質(zhì)），

ubiquitous（至處存在的）inthefoodchain,havetwopreviouslyeffects.

Theyactongenesinthedevelopingfetus（月臺兒）andnewborntoturnmore

precursor（前體）cellsintofatcells,whichstaywithyouforlife.And

theymayaltermetabolic（新陳代謝的）rate,sothatthebodysaves

caloriesratherthanburningthem."Theevidencenowemergingsaysthat

beingoverweightisnotjusttheresultofpersonalchoicesaboutwhat

youeat,combinedwithinactivity,saysRethaNewboldoftheNational

InstituteofEnvironmentalHealthSciences（NIEHS）.〃Exposureto

environmentalchemicalsduringdevelopmentmayhecontributingtothe

obesityepidemic."Theyarenotthecauseofextrapoundsineveryperson

whoisoverweightbutenvironmentalchemicalsmaywellaccountforagood

partofthecurrentepidemic,especiallyinthoseunder50.

5

Thenewthinkingaboutobesitycomesatacriticaltime

politically.Asthedebateoverhealthcareshinesalightonthecountry

'sunsustainablespendingondoctors,hospitals,anddrugs,theobesemake

temptingscapegoats（替罪羊）.About60percentofAmericansare

overweightorobese,andtheirhealth-carecostsarehigher:$3,400in

annualspendingforanormal-weightadultversus$4,870foranobese

adult,mostlyduetotheirhigherlevelsoftype2diabetes,heartdisease,

andotherconditions.Ifthoseoutsizecostsinspiregreatereffortsto

preventandtreatobesity,fine.Butiftheyleadtodemonizing（妖魔

化）theobese-caricaturing（畫成漫畫諷刺）themaslazypigsraising

insurancepremiums（保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)）fortherestofus-that'saproblem,and

notonlyforethicalreasons:itthreatenstoobscure（使不明顯）thatone

potentcauseofweightgainmaybelargelybeyondanindividual'scontrol.

第16題：

Thereareabout73%morefatinfantsunder6monthssince1980.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：A

利用數(shù)字定位，首段提到子1980年以來肥胖嬰兒已經(jīng)增長了73%。

第17題：

ConventionalexplanationsofthefatteningofAmericacanalsoworkfor

obesebabies.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：B

第一段提到岡為嬰兒只吃配方奶或母乳，也沒有什么運(yùn)動，所以肥胖的傳統(tǒng)解釋

無法用來解釋嬰兒肥胖。

第18題：

Beingoverweightisnotjusttheresultofpersonalchoicesaboutfood,

butthatoffatcells.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：A

6

第一段說到污染導(dǎo)致胎兒形成時產(chǎn)生更多的脂肪細(xì)胞，改變了新陳代謝的頻率,

身體儲藏而不是燃燒熱量，最終造成嬰兒肥胖。

第19題：

RobertLustigbelievestheobesityepidemicisduetotheexposureto

environmentalchemicalsduringdevelopment.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：B

利用人名定位發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話不是這個人說的。

第20題：

Theobeseisaparticularsegmentofthepopulation,asegmentthatdoesn

'tgotomovies,can'tchew,andwasneverthatmuchintoexercise.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：C

第21題：

Theobesemaybeblamedforoutsizecostssuchasspendingmoreondoctors,

hospitalsanddrugs.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：A

最后一段講到胖人可能會成為人們指責(zé)國家高昂醫(yī)療花費(fèi)的替罪羊。

第22題：

Therearealreadymanycartoonsdepictingtheobeseaslazypigsraising

insurancepremiums.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：B

7

畫漫畫諷刺胖人是懶惰的豬，只會提高保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)是作者的擔(dān)心，并非事實(shí)。

概括大意與完成句子閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任

務(wù)：（1）1?4題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中為第2?5段每段選擇1個

正確的小標(biāo)題；（2）第5?8題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中選擇4個正確

的選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個句子。

MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThing

1Althoughthedangersoftoolittlesleeparewidelyknown,new

researchsuggeststhatpeoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalsosufferthe

consequences.

2InvestigatorsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanDiegofound

thatpeoplewhoclockup9or10hourseachweeknightappeartohavemore

troublefailingandstayingasleep,aswellasanumberofothersleep

problems,thanpeoplewhosleep8hoursanight.Peoplewhosleptonly

7hourseachnightalsosaidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleepand

feelingrefreshedafteranight'ssleepthan8-hoursleepers.

3Thesefindings,whichDLDanielKripkereportedinthejournal

PsychosomaticMedicine,demonstratethatpeoplewhowanttogetagood

night'srestmaynotneedtosetaside.Morethan8hoursanight.Headded

that〃itmightbeagoodidea"forpeoplewhosleepmorethan8hourseach

nighttoconsiderreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbed,but

cautionedthatmoreresearchisneededtoconfirmthis.

4Previousstudieshaveshownthepotentialdangersofchronic

shortagesofsleep-forinstance,onereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewho

habituallysleeplessthan7hourseachnighthaveahigherriskofdying

withinafixedperiodthanpeoplewhosleepmore.

5Forthecurrentreport,Kripkereviewedtheresponsesof1,004

adultstosleepquestionnaires,inwhichparticipantsindicatedhowmuch

theysicptduringtheweekandwhethertheyexperiencedanysleepproblems.

Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleofthenight,arisingearly

inthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleep,andhavingfatigue

interferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.

6Kripkefoundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseach

nightweremorelikelytoreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthan

peoplewhoslept8hours.Inaninterview,Kripkenotedthatlongsleepers

maystruggletogetrestatnightsimplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtime

inbed.Asevidence,headdedthatonewaytohelpinsomniaistospend

lesstimeinbed.〃Itstandstoreasonthatifapersonspendstoolong

atimeinbed.thenthey'llspendahigherpercentageoftimeawake.〃he

said.

23-26的選項(xiàng)

A.Kripke'sresearchtool

8

B.Dangersofhabitualshortagesofsleep

C.CriticismonKripke'sreport

D.Awayofovercominginsomnia

E.Sleepproblemsoflongandshortsleepers

F.Classificationofsleepproblems

27-30的選項(xiàng)

A.fallasleepagain.

B.becomemoreenergeticthefollowingday

C.sleeplessthan7hours

D.confirmthoseseriousconsequences

E.suffersleepproblems

F.sleepmorethan8hours

第23題：

Paragraph2.

參考答案:

E

詳細(xì)解答：

本段無明顯主題句，但兩句話的句子結(jié)構(gòu)都是people---havetrouble…than

peoplewhosleep8hours,說明兩個句子的主語都不如睡八小時的人入睡好。

本段的主題詞應(yīng)該是trouble,與選項(xiàng)E和F有關(guān)（都含有trouble的近義詞

problem）,但選項(xiàng)F中的核心詞是classification,與本段不符,所以選項(xiàng)E

為正確答案。

第24題：

Paragraph4______.

參考答案：

B

詳細(xì)解答：

本段也無明顯主題句，全段就一個句子，對考生的閱讀和理解帶來一定負(fù)擔(dān)。

若將句子簡化，其結(jié)構(gòu)為Previousstudieshaveshowthedangerofshortage

ofsleep,那么對danger的具體描述就要體現(xiàn)在后面的句子里了,因此選項(xiàng)B

就是正確答案。

第25題:

Paragraph5.

參考答案:

A

9

詳細(xì)解答：

本段也無明顯主題句，全段由兩個句子組成，第一句話是說Kripke

reviewed--*,第二句活延續(xù)第一句話中提到的problems,對其進(jìn)行分類統(tǒng)汁。

所以本段所述內(nèi)容都是有Kripke所為的實(shí)驗(yàn)行為，所以選項(xiàng)A（Kripke的研究工

具）應(yīng)該是正確答案。

第26題：

Paragraph6.

參考答案：

D

詳細(xì)解答：

本段未出現(xiàn)主題句，但內(nèi)容都是圍繞Kripke的研究結(jié)果展開的。段落中出

現(xiàn)的Kripkefound,Kripkenoted和headded表明“Kripke的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度應(yīng)

該是該段的中心”，對比被選項(xiàng)排除C（段落中沒有出現(xiàn)批評的話語）和F（段落中

沒有具體提到睡眠問題的表現(xiàn)形式），而段落最后第2句提到了克服失眠的方法

一少花時間在床上，與D呼應(yīng)，因此選項(xiàng)D就是正確答案。

第27題:

Togetagoodnight'srest,peoplemaynotneedto.

參考答案：

F

詳細(xì)解答：

根據(jù)搭配結(jié)構(gòu)needtodosth.判斷所有選項(xiàng)都在語法上合適，并快速定位

到第三段第二句，句意為“為了獲得晚上好的休息，人們沒有必要?！币虼诉x項(xiàng)

F（睡眠超過8小時）就是正確答案。

第28題:

Longsleepersarereportedtobemorelikelyto.

參考答案：

E

詳細(xì)解答：

題干中的Longsleepers和more1ikely是答題線索，快速定位到第六段第

一句“睡眠時間長的人根據(jù)報(bào)道更有可能。"，并結(jié)合文章主題一睡眠時間長不

是好事情，判斷選項(xiàng)E是正確答案。

第29題:

Oneofthesleepproblemsiswakinginthemiddleofthenight,unable

to.

io

參考答案：

A

詳細(xì)解答：

題干中的wakinginthemiddleofthenight協(xié)助我們快速定位到第五段

第二句，則選項(xiàng)A是正確答案。

第30題:

Onesurveyshowedthatpeoplewhohabituallyeachnighthavea

higherriskofdying.

參考答案：

C

詳細(xì)解答：

題干中的haveahigherriskofdying協(xié)助我們快速定位到第四段最后一

句，該句告訴我們peoplewhohabituallysleeplessthan7hourseachnight

在某階段會有更高的死亡可能性，那么選項(xiàng)C就是正確答案。

閱讀理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4

個選項(xiàng)。請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答其后面的問題，從4

個選項(xiàng)中選擇1最佳答案。

ChocolatetoLiveFor!

AstudypublishedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedical

Associationin2003reportedthatdarkchocolatemayloweryourblood

pressure.ResearchersattheUniversityofColognestudiedmenandwomen

whowererecentlydiagnosedwithmildhighbloodpressure.Halfweregiven

100g（fabout3.5ounces）ofdarkchocolateperdayandhalfweregiven

whitechocolate.Afteronlytwoweekssystolic（收縮的）bloodpressure

decreasedonaveragebyfivepointsanddiastolic（以及舒張的）blood

pressurebytwopointsinthoseconsumingdarkchocolate,butnotthose

consumingwhitechocolate.

Inasimilarstudy,researchersfromItalyreportedinthe

AmericanHeartAssociationjournalHypertensionthat3.5ouncesofdark

chocolateforoneweekloweredsystolicbloodpressureby12pointsand

diastolicbloodpressureby8.5pointswhenbloodpressurewasmonitored

continuouslyfor24hours.Insulin（月夷島素）sensitivityandLDL

cholesterolalsoimproved.Nobenefitswereseenwithwhitechocolate.

AnotherstudypublishedintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeof

Cardiologyfoundthatchocolatemayhelprepairdamagetosmokers'blood

vessels,atleasttemporarily.

why?Chocolateincreasesyourbody'sproductionofnitricoxide

（一氧化氮），apowerfulsubstancethatcausesyourbloodvesselstorelax

11

anddilate.This,inturn,causesanincreaseinbloodflowandadecrease

inbloodpressure-likeopeningawaterspigot（水龍頭）.Astudypublished

inJulyintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationreportedthat

just30caloriesperdayofdarkchocolateloweredbloodpressureand

increasednitricoxideproductionafter18weeks.

NitricoxideisalsostimulatedbydrugssuchasViagraandLevitra,

whichincreasebloodflowtothepenisandenhanceerections.Thismay

beoneofthereasonswhychocolatehashadalongreputationasan

aphrodisiac（壯陽藥）.Casanova（卡薩諾瓦）issaidtohaveconsideredit

ashis“favoritebreakfastdish.〃Chocolatealsocontains

phenylethylamine（苯乙月安），whichresearchsuggestsisastimulantthat

isreleasedwhenyou'reinteractingwithsomeoneintimately.

第31題：

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthesubjectsinthe2003

study?

A.Theywerealldiagnosedwithveryhighbloodpressurebeforethey

joinedthestudy.

B.Theyweregiven100gofdarkchocolateeverydayfortwoweeks.

C.Thosewhohadtakendarkchocolatehadadecreaseofsystolicblood

pressure.

D.Alltheparticipantshadadecreaseofsystolicbloodpressureand

diastolicbloodpressur

參考答案：C

根據(jù)題干定位到第一段：科隆大學(xué)的研究人員對最近被診斷出輕度高血壓的一些

男性和女性進(jìn)行了研究，讓其中一半人每天吃100克的黑巧克力，另一半吃白巧

克力，僅僅兩周之后吃黑巧克力的人中收縮壓平均下降了兩個點(diǎn)，舒張壓平均下

降了五個點(diǎn)，而那螳吃白巧克力的人血壓卻沒有變化。把四個選項(xiàng)與這段內(nèi)容相

對照，只有c選項(xiàng)與原文相符，故未本題的正確答案。

第32題：

Whichofthefollowingisnotabenefitofdarkchocolateaccordingto

allthestudies?

A.Ithelpslowerbothsystolicanddiastolicbloodpressures.

B.IthelpsimproveinsulinsensitivityandLDLcholesterol.

C.Ithelpsrepairdamagetosmokers'bloodvessels.

D.Ithelpsovercomepeople'slowspirits.

參考答案：D

文章的第一段說：在一項(xiàng)類似的研究中，意大利的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)每天3.5盎司的

黑巧克力連續(xù)吃一周后，連續(xù)24小時儉測血壓顯示收縮壓降低了12個點(diǎn)，舒張

壓降低了&5個點(diǎn)，同時胰島素的反應(yīng)靈敏度和低密度蛋白質(zhì)也得到了改善；另

12

外一項(xiàng)研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)巧克力可以幫助修復(fù)吸煙者的血管損傷，至少是暫時修復(fù)。四

個選項(xiàng)中，只有D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是文中沒有提到的，因此為本題的正確答案。

第33題:

Whatisnitricoxideaccordingtothepassage?

A.Itisapowerfulsubstancetopowertheheart.

B.Itisasubstancetocausebloodvesselstorelaxandcontract.

C.Itisasubstanceflowingfromthehearttoalloverthebody.

D.Itisthesubstancethatcontrolsbloodpressur

參考答案：B

根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第二句：Chocolateincreasesyourbody'sproduction

ofnitricoxide（一氧化氮），apowerfulsubstanctthatcausesyourblood

vesselstorelaxanddilate（巧克力提高了體內(nèi)一氧化氮的產(chǎn)生，一氧化氮是

引起血管舒張和收縮的一種效力非常強(qiáng)的物質(zhì)）。四個選項(xiàng)中B選項(xiàng)最切合原文,

因此為本題的正確答案。

第34題：

AccordingtoastudypublishedinJuly,30caloriesofdarkchocolate

loweredbloodpressureandincreasedproductionofnitricoxide

A.aftertwoweeks.

B.afteroneweek.

C.after10weeks.

D.after18weeks.

參考答案：D

根據(jù)題干定位到第三段最后一句：AstudypublishedinJulyintheJournal

oftheAmericanMedicalAssociationreportedthatjust30caloriesper

dayofdarkchocolateloweredbloodpressureandincreasednitricoxide

productionafter18weeks（七月份在美國醫(yī)學(xué)聯(lián)合會雜志上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究顯

示，每天30卡路里的黑巧克力會在18周后降低血壓并且增加一氧化氮的生成）。

顯然本題的正確答案為D。

第35題：

Chocolatehaslongbeenconsideredasanaphrodisiacbecause

A.itincreasestheproductionofnitricoxide.

B.itincreasesbloodflowtothepenisandenhanceseruptions.

C.itlowersbothsystolicanddiastolicbloodpressures.

D.ithelpstorepairdamagetobloodvesselsinthebody.

參考答案：A

13

根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第一、二句：Nitricoxideisalsostimulatedbydrugs

suchasViagraandLevitra,whichincreasebloodflowtothepenisand

enhanceerections.Thismaybeoneofthereasonswhychocolatehashad

alongreputationasanaphrodisiac（一氧化氮也會被偉哥和樂維它之類的藥

物所激發(fā)，這會增加陰莖的血流量，提高勃起，這可能是巧克力一直被認(rèn)為是一

種壯陽藥的原因之一）。由此不難推斷，巧克力之所以被認(rèn)為有壯陽的效果，是

因?yàn)樗蛡ジ绲人幬镉兄嗤墓δ埽禾岣咭谎趸漠a(chǎn)生。因此本題的正確答

案為A。

MarriageLinkedWithBetterSleep

Marriagemayimproveyoursleep,andbettersleepmayimproveyour

marriage,twonewstudiessuggest.

Womenwhoaremarriedorwhohavestablepartnersappeartosleep

betterthanwomenwhohavenevermarriedorlostapartner,accordingto

researchfromaneight-yearstudypresentedattheAssociated

ProfessionalSleepSocietiesannualmeeting.Theyalsofoundthatmarital

（婚姻的）happinesslowerstheriskofsleepproblems,whilemarital

conflictheightenstherisk.

Althoughmarriedwomenoverallsleptmoresoundlythanunmarried

women,theresearchers,fromtheUniversityofPittsburghSchoolof

Medicine,dididentifya"newlywed"effect.Womenwhoweresingleatthe

startofthestudybutgainedapartnerhadmorerestlesssleepthanwomen

whowereakeadymarried.Theresearchersspeculatedthatnewlymarried

womenwerelessadjustedtosleepingwiththeirpartnerthanthosewho

hadbeenmarriedlonger.

Thestudyincluded360middle-agedAfrican--American,Caucasian

andChinese.AmericanwomenwhohadtakenpartintheStudyofWomenzs

HealthAcrosstheNation.Researchersusedin一一homesleepstudies,

activitymonitorstotracksleep-wakepatternsandrelationship

historiestolookattheeffectstablemarriages,unstablemarriagesand

maritaltransitions,suchasadivorce,hadonsleep.

Anothersmallstudyof29couplesfoundthatonadailybasis,

thequalityofacouple'srelationshipandthequalityoftheirsleep

arecloselylinked.

Inthatstudy,fromtheUniversityofArizona,29heterosexual

（異性的）coupleswhosharedabedanddidnothavechildrencompletedsleep

andrelationshipdiariesforaweek.Theresultsshowedthatwhenmenget

bettersleep,theyaremorelikelytofeelpositiveabouttheir

relationshipthenextday.Andforwomen,problemsintherelationship

wereStronglyassociatedwithpoorsleepforboththemselvesandtheir

partner.

“Whenwelookatthedataonaday-by-daybasis,thereseems

tobeaviciouscycleinwhichsleepaffectsnextdayrelationship

functioning,andrelationshipfunctioningaffectsthesubsequentnight

14

'ssleep,/zsaidprincipalinvestigatorBrantHasler,aclinical

psychologydoctoralcandidateattheUniversityofArizona,inapress

release.^Inthiscycle,conflictwithonezspartnerduringthedayleads

toworsesleepthatnight,whichleadstomoreconflictthefollowingday.

〃

Thedatafrombothstudiessuggestthatsleepandrelationship

happinessarecloselylinked.Thelessonforcouples,especiallythose

whoarestrugglingwithproblems,isthatpayingattentiontosleephabits

mayhelpsolveotherissuesintherelationship.

第36題：

Aneight-yearstudyshowsthat,comparedwithwomenwhohaveneverbeen

marriedorlostapartner,womenwhoaremarried

A.sleepbetter.

B.havemoresleepproblems.

C.havemorerestlesssleep.

D.feelmorepositivelyabouttheirlif

參考答案：A

根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第一句：Womenwhoaremarriedorwhohavestable

partnersappeartosleepbetterthanwomenwhohavenevermarriedorlost

apartner（已婚女性或者有穩(wěn)定性伴侶的女性和從未結(jié)過婚或喪偶的女性相比

似乎睡眠狀況更好），顯然選項(xiàng)A與此相符，故為本題的正確答案。

第37題：

Researchersusedin-homesleepstudies,activitymonitorstotracksleep

-wakepatternsandrelationshiphistoriesto

A.lookattheeffectdifferentstatesofmarriagehadonsleep.

B.seehowpeopledifferedinsleepingpatterns.

C.examinepeople'ssleepingstates.

D.comparethedifferencebetweenmenandwomeninsleepingpatterns.

參考答案：A

根據(jù)題干定位到第四段最后一句：Researchersusedin-homesleepstudies,

activitymonitorstotracksleep一一wakepatternsandrelationship

historiestolookattheeffectstablemarriages,unstablemarriagesand

maritaltransitions,suchasadivorce,hadonsleep（研究人員采用家庭

睡眠研究和活動監(jiān)測器來記錄睡眠.清醒模式和夫妻關(guān)系歷史，以檢驗(yàn)穩(wěn)定的婚

姻、不穩(wěn)定的婚姻以及離婚之類的婚姻變動對于睡眠的影響）。顯然，A選項(xiàng)與

此相符，因此本題的正確答案為A。

第38題：

Whichofthefollowingistrueofthe29couplesinasmallstudyfrom

15

theUniversityofArizona?

A.Theyhadchildren.

B.Theysleptseparately.

C.Theycompletedsleepandrelationshipdiariesforaweek.

D.Theydidn'thaveapositiveattitudetowardstheirmarriag

參考答案：C

根據(jù)題干定位到第六段第一句：Inthatstudy,fromtheUniversityofArizona.

29heterosexualcoupleswhosharedabedanddidnothavechildren

completedsleepandrelationshipdiariesforaweek（亞利桑那大學(xué)進(jìn)行的

這項(xiàng)研究中，29對異性夫妻記錄下睡眠和夫妻關(guān)系一周的情況，這些夫妻共睡

一張床，沒有孩子），可見C選項(xiàng)與此相符，A和B選項(xiàng)與此不符。而從后面的

內(nèi)容看睡眠狀況會影響人對自己婚姻狀況的看法，說明這些夫妻間并沒有根本性

的矛盾，因此排除D。

第39題:

Thedatafromthestudyshowthat

A.sleepandrelationshipfunctioningaffecteachotherinanegative

way.

B.sleepandrelationshipfunctioningaffecteachotherinapositive

way.

C.sleepandrelationshipfunctioninghavenorelationshipwitheach

other.

D.sleepandrelationshipfunctioningaffecteachotherbutnotmuc

參考答案：A

根據(jù)題干定位到第七段，該段的引語部分說：當(dāng)我們逐天分析這些數(shù)據(jù)的時候發(fā)

現(xiàn)，似乎存在著一個惡性循環(huán)，睡眠影響第二天的夫妻關(guān)系，而夫妻關(guān)系又會影

響接下來的睡眠。在這個循環(huán)中，與配偶白天的沖突會導(dǎo)致晚上的睡眠惡化，而

糟糕的睡眠又會導(dǎo)致第二天的沖突。由此可見，A選項(xiàng)最能概括這一段的內(nèi)容，

因此為本題的正確答案。

第40題：

It'sadvisablethatcoupleswhoarehavingproblemswiththeir

relationshipshouldpayattentionto

A.theirattitudestowardseachother.

B.theenvironmenttheyarelivingin,

C.theirsleephabits.

D.avoidanceofsharingabe

參考答案：C

16

根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段最后一句：Thelessonforcouples,especiallythose

whoarestrugglingwithproblems,isthatpayingattentiontosleephabits

mayhelpsolveotherissuesintherelationship（對于夫妻們,尤其是那些

正在想盡一切辦法解決婚姻問題的夫妻們來說，應(yīng)該從中認(rèn)識到，注意睡眠習(xí)慣

可能會幫助解決他們夫妻關(guān)系中存在的問題），因此本題的正確答案為Co

TheAnti-AlcoholCampaignTriesinRussia

LastweekRussianPresidentDmitryMedvedevkickedoffanewanti

-alcoholcampaignaimedatcuttingthenation'spercapitaconsumption

ofalcoholbynearlyaquarterby2012.

Russianscurrentlydrinkabout18liters（19quarts）ayear,more

thandoublethe8liters（8.4quarts）deemedsafebytheWorldHealth

Organization（WHO）.Witheachadditionalliter,addstheWHO,mencan

subtract11monthsfromtheiraveragelifeexpectancy.

Thelatestmoveconsistsofthreeparts:amediacampaign,

restrictionsonbeerconsumption,andstrictpenaltiesforsellingto

minors.Russianofficialsplantosetupmorethan500healthcentersby

theendoftheyear,completewithSoviet-eratacticslikedrawingsof

cimiosis（肝硬化）-strickenliversontheirwalls.

Evenwithsuchaggressivemeasures,it'shardlythemost

ambi