專題07 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 （講義）（原卷版）

專題07細(xì)節(jié)理解題01專題網(wǎng)絡(luò)·思維腦圖02考情分析·解密高考03高頻考點(diǎn)·以考定法考點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解題考點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解題【高考解密】命題點(diǎn)01直接信息題命題點(diǎn)02間接信息題命題點(diǎn)03數(shù)字計(jì)算題【技巧解密】【考向預(yù)測】04核心素養(yǎng)·微專題微專題如何通過還原法定位細(xì)節(jié)理解題的正確答案05創(chuàng)新好題·分層練考點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容高考考題設(shè)問細(xì)節(jié)理解題核心價(jià)值：高考英語試卷取材廣泛、體裁多樣，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生德智體美勞全面發(fā)展，加強(qiáng)對中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和社會(huì)主義先進(jìn)文化的考查，充分發(fā)揮文化鑄魂的育人功能。第一，強(qiáng)化體美勞教育引導(dǎo)，夯實(shí)全面發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)。在體育融入試題方面，2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷閱讀題選取運(yùn)動(dòng)促進(jìn)心臟健康的語篇，寫作題選取一名殘疾學(xué)生積極參加跑步比賽的語篇。這些語篇和材料旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生提高運(yùn)動(dòng)意識(shí)，保持身心健康。在美育融入試題方面，2022年全國甲卷聽力題選取一位藝術(shù)鑒賞家談?wù)撟约航?jīng)歷的材料，閱讀題選取介紹英國加的夫市藝術(shù)劇院的語篇，這些語篇旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生加深對藝術(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)，培養(yǎng)健康向上的審美情趣。在勞動(dòng)教育融入試題方面，各套試卷的語篇包含了山區(qū)支教、烹飪、做家務(wù)等信息，涉及多種工作場景，旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生形成勞動(dòng)觀念，在學(xué)習(xí)和生活中培養(yǎng)勞動(dòng)精神。第三，關(guān)注時(shí)代發(fā)展與生活實(shí)踐，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生培養(yǎng)核心素養(yǎng)。2022年全國卷通過選取禁止開車使用手機(jī)、悉尼新舊文化沖突、新媒體對家庭教育和生活的影響、英國征收糖稅的起因及效果等具有探討性和思辨性的材料，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生形成獨(dú)立思考的習(xí)慣，培養(yǎng)主動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)問題和解決問題的能力；通過選取高科技無人機(jī)在鐵路交通中的應(yīng)用、鸚鵡識(shí)別物體形狀的實(shí)驗(yàn)、人類語言發(fā)展的研究及與捉迷藏相關(guān)的兒童心理發(fā)展實(shí)驗(yàn)等語篇，激發(fā)學(xué)生對科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)與研究的興趣通；通過選取關(guān)愛養(yǎng)老院老人的研究項(xiàng)目、勇救墜樓兒童、修復(fù)父子親情關(guān)系等語篇,倡導(dǎo)友好互助、彼此關(guān)愛的和諧人際關(guān)系。學(xué)科素養(yǎng)：從話題選擇來看，近三年圍繞人與自然、人與社會(huì)、人與自我三大主題全面考查英語綜合運(yùn)用能力，試題取材廣泛、體裁多樣，進(jìn)一步體現(xiàn)考試對五育（德、智、體、美、勞）全面發(fā)展的引導(dǎo)作用，加強(qiáng)對中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化、和社會(huì)主義先進(jìn)文化的考查，充分發(fā)揮文化鑄魂育人功能。落實(shí)立德樹人，彰顯德育本色。從命題方向及趨勢來看，全國卷試題高考英語試題整體難度穩(wěn)定且適中，從教材出發(fā)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主干知識(shí)的運(yùn)用以及基本能力的考查。同時(shí)全國卷試題高考英語試題注重考查學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)、創(chuàng)新能力以及解決實(shí)際問題的能力。2023新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、T26、T28、T332023年新高考全國Ⅱ卷 T21、T22、T23、T24、T25、T27、T29、T32、T352022·新高考I卷T22、T25、T26、T27、T32、T332022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷 T21、T22、T23、T25、T26、T27、T29、T342021·新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、T26、T27、T28、T322022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷 T21、T22、T23、T24、T27、T28、T30、T32、T33、T34考點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解題命題點(diǎn)01直接信息題典例01【2023年全國乙卷A篇段】PRACTITIONERSRebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?AJacquelineFelicedeAlmania. B.TanYunxian.JamesBarry. D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.典例02（2023年新高考I卷A篇片段）GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill. B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DamSquare.典例03【2023·新高考全國Ⅱ卷】AYellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogrammesthroughoutthepark,andthroughouttheyear.Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogrammesthissummer.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingabackcountrytrail(小徑),camping,orjustenjoyingthepark’samazingwildlifefromtheroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoyyourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)KidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslongasyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCentre.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcoloursofthecanyon(峽谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahands-onprogrammetoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.21.Whichofthefourprogrammesbeginstheearliest?A.PhotographyWorkshops.B.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.C.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint.D.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.命題點(diǎn)02間接信息題典例01（2023年新高考I卷B篇片段）WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.典例02【2023年全國甲卷B篇片段】Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfromlosinganydepositwhenatenancy(租期)comestoanend.Sheadds:“I’vemovedhousemanytimesandIalwaysliketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures,so,it’sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI’vemovedout.”26.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore. B.Byfurnishingitherself.C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate. D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.命題點(diǎn)03數(shù)字計(jì)算題典例01【2023全國乙卷C篇片段】Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK’sobsession(癡迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.10.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?A.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%.典例02【2018·全國Ⅰ卷C篇片段】Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000,Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6，000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.34．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400C．About2,400 D．About1,200.細(xì)節(jié)理解題一般根據(jù)短文提供的信息和事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，命題人往往通過對文章細(xì)節(jié)加以改寫來考查考生準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的能力。細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考閱讀理解中占有相當(dāng)大的比例，幾乎占據(jù)了閱讀理解總題量的“半壁江山”。這類題考點(diǎn)可以源自段內(nèi)的單句信息理解，也可以來自段落內(nèi)綜合信息的理解?？疾閮?nèi)容涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、方式以及在議論文中可以涉及例證的細(xì)節(jié)和定義類的細(xì)節(jié)。常見的命題方式通常有：1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題；2.以是非題的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT，近年這種題型較少；3.以Accordingto…開頭提問方式；4.以填空題的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.5.就文中數(shù)字、排序、識(shí)圖等提問。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，大多數(shù)學(xué)生易出現(xiàn)的問題是閱讀速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速閱讀技巧，考生要培養(yǎng)自己快速獲取信息的能力。解答此類試題時(shí)，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而常常可采取“帶著問題找答案”的方法．先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語。然后以此為線索。要快速地辨認(rèn)和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語句．仔細(xì)品味，對照比較．確定答案。除了運(yùn)用掃讀法(scanning)外，還可以兼用排除法．將“無此細(xì)節(jié)”和“與此細(xì)節(jié)相反”的選項(xiàng)排除。了解細(xì)節(jié)題干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)也有助于考生提高答題的正確率。一般情況下，干擾項(xiàng)有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：（1）是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容；（2）符合常識(shí)，但不是文章內(nèi)容；（3）與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在程度上有些變動(dòng)；（4）在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題只要直接辨認(rèn)不要求讀者對客觀的事實(shí)作出解釋或判斷，只要求從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息。同時(shí)還要求讀者記住重要細(xì)節(jié)，在必要的時(shí)候（做判斷、推斷或結(jié)論的時(shí)候）能夠準(zhǔn)確而迅速地將他們回憶起來。解此類題要求考生快速抓住原文中的關(guān)鍵信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案與原文中的語句并非一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)相同的意思。有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題就需要通過有關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換。利用主要事實(shí)、圖表、圖形來獲取信息，然后利用因果、類比、時(shí)間、空間等關(guān)系將零碎的細(xì)節(jié)經(jīng)過一系列加工、整理，方能做出正確的判斷．此類試題在高考中占大多數(shù)?？枷?1-直接信息題（2023上·吉林通化·高三梅河口市第五中學(xué)?？计谥校〢dolescence(青春期)isastressfultime.Fromfriendstofamilies,fromhometoschool,stressfulsituationsbecomecommon.Now,anewstudyshowsanunexpectedfactor(因素)mightcauseteenstorespondstronglytostress.JonasMiller,apsychologistatStanfordUniversity,wantedtoknowwhetherairpollutionmightaffectteens’responsetostress.histeamrecruited(招募)144tweensandteensforthestudy,mostofwhomlivedinornearSanFrancisco,whichranksamongthetenU.S.citieshavingtheworstairquality.Theresearchersuseddataonairpollutioncollectedbythecitytoseehowpollutedtheairwasneareachrecruit’shome.Theythencollectedphysical.andsocialinformationaboutthestudentsandinvitedthemtoparticipateinastressfuf.test.Beforethetest,theresearchersusedsensorstorecordparticipants’heartrateandsweatlevelsforfiveminutes-astheyrested.Thenthetestbegan.Aresearcherreadaloudthebeginningofastoryandtoldeachparticipanttomakeupanexcitingending,whichtheywouldhavetomemorizeandpresentaloudtoajudge.Afterfinishingthistask,thejudgehadtheparticipantdomathproblems.Iftheymadeamistake,theyhadtostartover.Thewholetime,sensorsrecordedheartrateandsweatlevels.Atrest,allthestudentshadsimilarheartratesandsweatlevels,Millerfound.Butasthetestgottough,kidsfromneighborhoodswithmoreairpollutionreactedmorestronglytostress.Theirheartbeatsbecameirregular.Theysweatedmorethanteenswholivedincleanerplaces.Millerlookedatotherpossiblecausesofthosestrongreactionsinthestudents.includingtheirheightandweight,stageofadolescence,familyincomeandneighborhood.Noneofthemexplainedthestrongerstressresponse.Suchresponsesarelinkedtonegativefeelings,Millernotes.Overtime,theseresponsescan“contributetoproblemswithbothphysicalandmentalhealth”.“Thisisaninterestingstudy,”saysAnjumHajat,anepidemiologistwhostudiesthecausesofdisease.Miller’sstudy“providesuniqueevidenceofthenegativehealthimpactsofairpollutionamongadolescents,”Hajatsays.2．Whatwereparticipantsaskedtodointhestressfultest?A．Retellanexcitingstory. B．Inventanendingtoastory.C．Makeupanamusingstory. D．Findthemistakesinastory.3．WhatdidMillertakeintoconsiderationwhenanalyzinghisresearchresults?A．Parents’income. B．Parents’education.C．Children’smentalhealth. D．Child-parentrelationship.考向02-間接信息題（2023·四川成都·校聯(lián)考二模）AteamofresearchersattheChineseAcademyofSciences,hasdevelopedanartificialfingerthatwasabletoidentifycertainsurfacematerialswith90%accuracy.Intheirpaperthegroupdescribeshowtheyusedtriboelectric(摩擦電)sensorstogivetheirtestfingeranabilitytogainasenseoftouch.Previousresearchhasledtothedevelopmentofroboticfingersthathavetheabilitytorecognizecertainattributesofcertainsurfaces,suchaspressureortemperature.However,theteamhastakenonestepfurtherbyaddingtheabilitytoidentifyamaterialitself.Thefingerwascreatedbyapplyingsmallsquaresensorstothetipofafinger-shapedobject:Eachofthesquareswasmadeofadifferentkindofplasticpolymer(聚合物),eachchosenbecauseoftheiruniqueelectricalproperties.Whensuchsensorsaremovedclosetoanobject,electronsfromthesensorsinteractwithmaterialsinuniqueways.Thesensorsbeneaththepolymerwereallconnectedtotheirownprocessors(處理器)insideofthefinger,whichwerethenconnectedtogethertoallowforcomparisonofresults-andformachinelearning-baseddataanalysis.TheresearchersalsoattachedatinyLCDscreenfordisplayingresults.Theresearchersthentestedtheirfingerbyhavingittouchvariousflatsurfacessuchasthosemadeofglass,wood,plasticandsilicon.Theyfounditcapableofidentifyingtherightmaterial96.8%ofthetime,withaminimumaccuracyof90%forallofthesurfaces.Theresearchersalsotestedthefingerforenduranceandfoundthatitheldupwellenoughforindustrialapplications.Theresearchersthinkthattheirfingercouldbeconnecteddirectlytoacontrolmechanisminindustry.Theyalsonotethatsuchafingercouldalsobeusedonafull-sizedhumanrobot.Theypointoutthatthetechnologycouldlikelybeusedinprosthetic(假肢)devicestohelprestoreacertaindegreeoftouchforpeoplewhohavelostsuchanability.10．Whatcanwelearnabouttheartificialfinger?A．Thesensorsinthefingercandotheanalysisthemselves.B．Theplasticpolymerchosenhasthe‘sameelectricalproperties.C．Theelectronscanreactwiththesurfacethatthefingertouches.D．Electronsfromitssensorscandifferentlyinteractwithmaterials.11．Howdidtheresearcherlearnabouttheresults?A．AnLCDscreenwillshowthemtheresults.B．Theartificialfingercandisplaytheresultsdirectly.C．Theycanworkouttheresultsusingspecialsoftware.D．Processorsinsidethefingerwillsendthemmessages.如何通過還原法定位細(xì)節(jié)理解題的正確答案1.定位詞的選用(1)特殊定位詞在很多題目當(dāng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)人名、地名、數(shù)字、年份和大寫字母縮寫這五類特殊詞。因?yàn)樗鼈兊奶攸c(diǎn)是在一篇多數(shù)是英文小寫字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能夠做到精確定位。[示例1]HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears，Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity，andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold，aprojectmanager.33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.(2)普通定位詞普通定位詞與特殊定位詞相比，出現(xiàn)的幾率更高。當(dāng)我們看到題中沒有特殊定位詞的情況下，要思考的就是在這道似乎沒有啥重點(diǎn)的詞語中挑選出最能幫助我們快速找到定位的詞語?？梢援?dāng)做定位詞的首選是名詞，其次是動(dòng)詞。[示例2]InSaveMoney：GoodFood，shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste，whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhome，preparingmealsforsons，Sam，14，F(xiàn)inn，13，andJack，11.25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.2.挑選定位詞的注意點(diǎn)(1)文章中的高頻詞不能作為定位詞定位詞的最大優(yōu)勢就是可以縮小閱讀范圍，如果我們定位了一個(gè)在文章中處處可能出現(xiàn)的詞語，那就失去了定位的意義。(2)定位詞和文中詞有可能是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換在實(shí)際做題過程中還要注意，不是所有的題目都可以用定位詞來定位的。而且如果是遇到細(xì)節(jié)信息定位題，很多時(shí)候定位詞的作用被削弱了，因?yàn)轭}目中的詞和文中的詞會(huì)以同義詞替換的形式出現(xiàn)。所以建議考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位詞，另外一方面要提高自己的閱讀詞匯量，尤其是同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，這樣才能一擊必中，快速找到答案出現(xiàn)的地方解決問題。[示例1]CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.Duration：3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington，D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington，D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.（2023上·江蘇·高三江蘇省前黃高級中學(xué)?？计谥校〤ampingtips:Whichovernightwildernessexperienceisrightforyou?Ifyou’reanexperiencedbackpacker,readnofurther.Thisarticleisforcampingrookies,thosewhohaveneversleptbeneaththestarsorhaven’tpitched(搭建)atentsincetheiryouthbutareseriouslythinkingaboutovernightinginthewilderness.CarcampingAtitsmostbasic,carcampinginvolvespackingatent,sleepingbag,fold-upchair,coolerandcampstoveintoyourvehicleandstayingatadrive-upcampground.Nearlyeverynationalpark,andmanystateandcountyparksandprivatefacilities,offerdrive-upcampgroundswithrestrooms,potablewater,fireringsorpits,andmaybeevenhotshowers.Sotherearelotsofchoices.Thedownsideofcarcampingisthefactthatthesecampgroundsareoftenpackedwithothercampers.Notalotofprivacy,theycanbenoisy,andpossiblyhinder(阻礙)yourquestofcommuningwithnature.BackpackingNovehiclerequired;justyourfeetandagoodpairofhikingbootsorshoestogetyoutothenextovernightspot.Amulti-dayhikingtripiswithoutdoubtthemostimmersivewaytoexperiencethegreatoutdoors.Differentfrommaybecarcamping,itrequirestheleastexpenseandequipment.Allyoureallyneedareabackpack,sleepingbag,waterbottle,smallfirst-aidkit,enoughfoodtolasttheentiretravel.Itcanbedonejustaboutanywhereontheplanet.BoatCampingWhilethisdoesinvolveowningorrentingawatercraftorusingaferryorwatertaxiservicetoreachtheovernightsite,campingviacanoe,kayak,raftorboatoffersasimilarget-away-from-it-alladventureasbackpacking.Experiencedpaddlersandboatersusuallyprefertocampontheirownalongaquietshoreline.Butmanyadventureorwildernessoutfittersofferguidedtripsthatcanlastanywherefromacoupleofdaystotwoorthreeweeks.Withaboat,youcansometimescampplacesthatnotevenbackpackerscanreach.1．Whoaretheintendedreaders?A．Red-bloodedmales. B．White-collarstaff.C．Green-handcampers. D．Blue-bloodedtourists.2．Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A．Boatcampingoffersthesameadventuresasbackpacking.B．Backpackingallowsyoutocommunicatewithnaturedeeply.C．Carcampingisthemosteconomicalwaytoexperiencenature.D．Thedrive-upcampgroundsprovidepeoplewithprivateenvironment.3．Inwhichcolumnwillyoufindthispassage?A．Business. B．Entertainment. C．Style. D．Travel.（2023上·湖北·高三華中師大一附中?？计谥校㊣n2022,campaigngroupFashionRevolutionChelseadyegardenforitsChelseaFlowerShowpresentation.Anancientcraft,naturaldyeingisapracticewhosetimehascomeagain,withhandtie-dyedfashionalsomakingacomebackinrecentyears.

TherevivalhasbeenencouragedbyCovidlockdowns,“whichallowedpeopletoexplorethecraftathome,”saysnatural-dyeingenthusiastandteacherSusanDye.It’sunlikely,though,thatthepracticewouldhavecaughtoninquitethesamewayifnotforacontinuallygrowingdiscomfortaboutfashion’sheavyfootprint.Fromcarbonemissionstoanimalcruelty,fashionisunderconsiderableinspection.“Putitthisway,97%ofdyesusedintheindustryarepetrochemically(石油化學(xué)產(chǎn)品)based,”sayssustainablefashionconsultantJackieAndrews,whohelpedadvisetheUNEthicalFashionInitiative.“We’vegotnetzerotargetswhichmeanwe’regoingtohavetoremoveallthosepetrochemicalsfromthemanufacturingcycle.”Fashionisahugepolluter.AccordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgram,theindustryisresponsibleforuptoone-fifthofallindustrialwaterpollution—duetothefactthatmostclothestodayareproducedinpoorercountrieswhereregulationisweakandenforcementweakerstill.Wastewaterisdumpeddirectlyintoriversandstreams,poisoningthelandaswellasthewatersourcesofpeopleandanimalswhorelyonthem.

It’seasytoseewhysomeonewhocaresaboutpeople,planetandanimals,aswellasclothes,mightturntonaturalplantdyeing.Fromthebeautyoftherawmaterials-oftenwildplants-tothepropertyofonlybondingwithnaturalfiberlikecottonandlinen,fromtheminorfootprintofupclyclingoldclothingthathasgrayedorfadedovertimetothevibrantandlong-lastingdyeingresults,plantdyeingfeelslikeaquietactofrebellion.Thisiswhy,whilebeginnersstartwithsimplychangingtheirclothes’color,newworldsopen.Manyoftoday’snaturaldyersgrowtheirowndyeplants,runlocalcommunityworkshops,andadvocateforchangeinindustrializedfashionsystemsandbeyond.4．Whatisthemainreasonforthegrowingdiscomfortmentionedinparagraph2?A．Theadoptionofpetrochemical-baseddyes.B．Thechallengingnetzerotargetstobeachieved.C．Thefashionindustry’sfocusonluxuriousdesigns.D．Thedisturbingconsequencesofthefashionindustry.5．Theauthorillustrates“Fashionisahugepolluter”by______.A．makingacomparison B．givingexamplesC．listingnumbers D．introducinganewtopic6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“aquietactofrebellion”inparagraph4referto?A．Aprotestagainstturningtonaturalfiber.B．Anobjectiontoupcyclingoldclothing.C．Astruggleforasustainablefashionindustry.D．Aresistancetovibrantcolorsinnaturaldyeing.7．Whatwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A．TheEnvironmentalImpactofNaturalDyeingB．FashionRevolution’sDyeGardenPresentationC．TheReturnofNaturalDyeingwithEthicalAppealD．ThePetrochemicalDyeIndustryandItsChallenges（2023上·江蘇南通·高三如皋市搬經(jīng)中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中）Iwasdrivingwhenmyphonealertedmetoanewemail.Filledwitheageranticipation,Ipulledover,turnedonmyhazardlights,andopenedit.MyemotionsquicklychangedasIlearned,forthesixthandfinaltime,thatIhadbeendeniedapromotiontofullprofessor.Myinstitutiondidn’tseemtovaluewhatIbroughttothetable.ButwhenItoldmyfamilythatnight,mychildrenofferedasurprisinglypositiveresponse.TheywereexcitedtoseewhatIwasgoingtodonext,theysaid.TheyapparentlyknewlongbeforeIdidthatlosingmybidforapromotionwouldturnouttobethebestthingthatcouldhavehappenedforme.Thishadbeenthefinalstepinalongprocessspanning15monthsandinvolvingsomucheffort.Ihadstartedbystudyingsuccessfulpromotionbidsandaskingseniorscholarsforfrankdiscussionsaboutmyreadiness.Ihadcarefullypreparedmyapplicationpacket,summarizingeverythingIhadachievedinmycareer.Formorethanayear,Ihadspenthourseverydaytryingtoprovemyworthtomyuniversity.Tomysurprise,havingafinalanswerbroughtawelcomesenseofclosure.Asafirststeptowardhealing,Idecidedtoprioritizemyownvaluesandfollowmyowninternalcompass.Idisconnectedfrompeopleinmylifewhoviolatedmyvalues,cultivatedmyrelationshipswiththosewhosharemyprioritiesandbringoutthebestinme,andspentmoretimewithmyfamily.Ifoundedanonprofitthathelpsfirst-generationandlow-incomestudentsandyoungprofessionalsadvanceintheworkforcewhileservingtheircommunity.Theinitiativehadlongbeenadreamofmine,butIneverpursueditbecausetypicalacademichiringandpromotiondon’trewardsuchefforts.Now,suchconsiderationswerenolongermyNorthStar.Fivemonthsafterthatemailfromtopleadership,Ifoundmyselfinthecaragain,experiencinganothercareer-definingmoment.Imayhavelostmybidforabigpromotion,butintheend,itbroughtmetotherightplace.8．Whatdidtheauthorfeelafterhereadtheemail?A．Anxiousandannoyed. B．Embarrassedandashamed.C．Relievedandpeaceful. D．Disappointedandsorrowful.9．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Whatcontributionsthewriterhadmade. B．Whatpreparationsthewriterhadmade.C．Howsuccessfulthecareerhadbeen. D．Howtiringtheprocesshadbeen.10．Whichofthefollowingwouldthewriterprobablyagreewith?A．Successismorethanatitleorarank.B．One’sinternalcompassistobedeveloped.C．Servingthecommunitymayhealabrokenheart.D．One’srealvaluefirstliesinhisfamilyinteraction.11．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Emails:myNorthStarB．Fullprofessor:adouble-edgedswordC．AcareersetbackbecomesagreatopportunityD．Anacademiccareerwitnessesafailedpromotion（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山區(qū)良鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)校考期中）Mysonjustturned14anddoesnothaveasmartphone.WhenhegraduatedfromGrade8,hewastheonlykidinhisclasswithoutone.Heasksforaphonenowthathe’sgoingtohighschool.Isayno,heaskswhy,Iexplain(yetagain),andhepushesback.“Youcanchoosetodothingsdifferentlywhenyou’reaparent,”Itoldhim.Butsometimes,IwonderifI’mbeingtoostubbornorunfair.ThemoreIresearch,themoreconfidentIfeelinmydecision.Manystudieslinkthecurrentmentalhealthcrisisamongadolescentstofundamentalchangesinhowtheysocialize,namely,theshiftfromin-persontoonlineinteraction.Butotherparentschallengemyperspective.“Hemustfeelsoleftout!”Thentherearetheparentswhotellmewithprofoundsadnessthattheywishtheyhaddelayedtheirteenager’sphoneownershiplongerthantheydid.Theyurgemetoholdout.Ifteenagersbetweentheagesof13and18aretrulyspendinganaverageof8hours39minutesperdayontheirdevices,asstatedina2021surveyconductedbythenon-profitresearchorganizationCommonSenseMedia,thenwhataretheynotdoing?Kidsabsorbedintheirdevicesaremissingoutonreallife,andthatstrikesmeasreallysad.Iwantmysontohaveachildhoodhefeelssatisfiedwithandproudof.Iwantittobefullofadventures,imaginativeplayandphysicalchallengeswhichhemustsortouthimself—andemergestronger—withoutaskingformeatthepushofabutton.Theeasiestandsimplestwaytoachievethesegoalsistodelaygivinghimasmartphone.Somethinkmysonismissingoutorfallingbehind,butheisnot.Hedoeswellinschoolandextracurricularactivities,hangsoutwithhisfriendsinperson,andmovesindependentlyaroundoursmalltown.Heswears(發(fā)誓)he’llgivehisown14-year-oldaphonesomeday,andItellhimthat’sfine.Butrecently,headmittedthathemissedthebeautifulsceneryonadrivetoanearbymountainbecausehehadbeensoabsorbedinhisfriend’siPad.IfthatishisversionofadmittingI’mright,I’lltakeit.12．Whatistheauthor’sprimaryconcernregardinggivinghersonasmartphone?A．Herson’ssociallife. B．Herson’swell-being.C．Herson’stimemanagement. D．Herson’sacademicperformance.13．Whatisthemainpointtheauthorintendstoexpressinparagraph5?A．Herdoubtsaboutthereliabilityofateenagesurvey.B．Theriseofsmartphoneaddictionamongteenagers.C．Thepotentialnegativeeffectsofexcessivephoneusage.D．Thefactorscontributingtoteenagesmartphoneaddiction.14．Whatqualitydoesthetextsuggesttheauthorwantshersontodevelopinhischildhood?A．Teamspirit B．LeadershipC．Self-reliance D．Criticalthinking15．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’sson?A．Heisstrugglingacademically.B．Henolongerdesiresasmartphone.C．Heis