補充 周霜紅 陶瓷英語教程課件

陶瓷英語教程課件——從彩陶文明到“珠山八友”之中國陶瓷藝術(shù)發(fā)展綜述Chapter1PotteryAge

第一章陶器時代Pre-readingquestions:1．Haveyoueverlearnttheprocessofmakingthepottery?2．Doyouknowthedevelopmentalhistoryofpottery?AceramicpotfoundintheFairyCaveRuinsofWannianCounty,JiangxiProvince.(Abouttenthousandyearsold.)江西萬年仙人洞遺址陶罐（距今約一萬多年）Apotterybasin,paintedwithDancersoftheMajiayaoculture.馬家窯文化舞蹈紋彩陶盆Apotterybasin,paintedwithpeople’sfacesintheNetlikeDesignoftheYangshaoCulture.仰韶文化人面紋網(wǎng)紋彩陶盆KneelingPotteryFigurineofQinShihuangMausoleum秦始皇陵武士跪射陶俑

PaintedpotteryFigurinesofAcrobaticsoftheHanDynasty漢代彩繪陶雜技俑Text:TheEvolutionofThePotteryChinaisthehomecountryofceramicsanditisalsooneofthefirstcountriesthatmadetheinventionofthepottery.中國是瓷器的母國，亦是最早發(fā)明陶器的國家之一。Pottery-makingisacomplicatedprocess.Firstofallthepotteryclayshouldbemixedupwithsomewater.Oncewet,itcanbeshapedintoacertainform.Then,itcanbeheatedtoacertaintemperaturebyfireaftergettingdried,whichcanbesinteredintothesolidpottery.陶器是指將制陶粘土，經(jīng)水濕潤后，塑造成一定的形狀，干燥后，用火加熱到一定的溫度，使之燒結(jié)成為堅固的陶器。InChina,theearliestpotterywasfoundinsomeofthecavesintheSouth,andisbelievedtobeabouttenthousandyearsold.我國最早的陶器發(fā)現(xiàn)于南方的一些山洞中，距今約一萬年。

Potterygivesgreatconveniencetohumanlifeandconsolidatesthehumansettlement,whichenlargesthesignificanceofagriculturalproductiontotheprogressofhumansociety.NeolithicAgewasthefastestdevelopmentalperiodofpottery,inwhichvariouscolorfulanddistinctivepotterycivilizationsemergedbasedontheirdifferentlocalcharacteristics.

陶器方便和鞏固了人類的定居生活，擴大了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)對人類社會進步的意義。新石器時代是我國陶器大發(fā)展時期，各地因地制宜，展現(xiàn)出異彩紛呈、各具特色的陶器文明。TheAncientPaintedPotteryisthekindofthemostartisticcharm.Thiskindofpotteryisbakedbetween900-1000degreesCelsiusandwaspaintedinblackandred,whichpresentsabeautifulandeye-catchingpattern.彩陶藝術(shù)是其中最具藝術(shù)魅力的種類，它是在陶器未燒之前以黑色、紅色顏料進行繪制，以900-1000攝氏度高溫?zé)?，呈現(xiàn)出美觀奪目的花紋。FromtheprimitivesocietyuntiltheQinandHandynasties,potterywasprosperingwithgreatsuccess,PiecessuchastheTerracottaWarriorsandHorsesofQinShihuangMausoleumareknownasoneofthewondersoftheworld.Duetoitsspectacularsceneandvividintegrationofbodyandspirit,theTerracottaWarriorsandHorsesofQinShihuangMausoleumrepresentthehighestlevelofpotterymaking.從原始社會直到秦漢時期，都是陶器大放異彩的時代，如秦始皇陵兵馬俑，被譽為世界一大奇跡，場面壯觀、形神兼?zhèn)洌_到了陶塑制作的最高水平。However,thepotteryfigurinesoftheHanDynastydisplaythejoyinordinarylife,whichhavelivelygestures,realisticexpressionsandclearseculartendency.漢代的陶俑則另具一番生活情趣，形態(tài)生動、栩栩如生，世俗化傾向明顯。Ceramics陶瓷Pottery陶器Clay制陶粘土Claypot陶罐Paintedpottery彩陶Abasinofpaintedpottery彩陶盆Potteryfigurine陶俑

KeyTermsandsentencesKeyTermsandsentencesCanyoutellmesomethingaboutpottery?你能告訴我一些關(guān)于陶器的歷史嗎？Itcandatebacktotenthousandyearsago.它可以追溯到一萬年前。Oncewet,itcanbeshapedintoacertainform.一旦濕了，它可以被加工成一定的形狀。TheAncientPaintedPotteryisthekindwiththemostartisticcharminthehistory.彩陶是在歷史上是最具藝術(shù)魅力的。Astimegoesby,eachdynastyhasitsownpotterycharacteristics.隨著時間的推移，每個朝代都有自己的陶器特征。ScenedialogueAttheJingdezhenairport,aforeignstudentencounteredaChineseteacherwhotaughtporcelainhistory.Hewantedtolearnsomethingaboutpottery.S:aforeignstudentT:theteacherS:Hello!IamastudentfromOxfordUniversity.MynameisBrian.Nicetomeetyou!T:Hello!Gladtomeetyou.IamateacherfromJingdezhengUniversity.MynameisXupeng.S:whatkindofsubjectdoyouteach?T:Iteachporcelainhistory.S:Woo!Iamveryinterestedinporcelain.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutpottery?T:Actuallypotteryhasaverylonghistory.Itcanbedatedbacktotenthousandyearsago.S:AsfarasIknow,theearliestpotteryisfoundinsomeofthecavesintheSouthofChina.Wasitveryeasyfortheancientpeopletomakepottery?T:No,Pottery-makingisacomplicatedprocess.Firstofallthepotteryclayshouldbemixedupwithsomewater.Oncewet,itcanbeshapedintoacertainform.Then,itcanbeheatedtoacertaintemperaturebyfireaftergettingdried,whichcanbesinteredintothesolidpottery.S:Sowhenwasthefastestdevelopmentalperiodofpottery?T:ItwasintheNeolithicAge.TheAncientPaintedPotteryisthekindwiththemostartisticcharminthehistory.Astimegoesby,eachdynastyhasitsownpotterycharacteristics.S:Well,Ilearntalotfromyouaboutpotterytoday.WhenIgobacktoBritain,Icouldshareitwithmyclassmates.Thankyouverymuch!Nowitistimeformetoboardmyplane.Goodbye!T:bye-bye!SupplementaryReadingChina,asoneoftheworld'smostancientcivilizations,hasmadeamultipleofcontributionsfortheadvancementandimprovementofhumansocieties.ItisfairtosaythatceramicshistoryisaveryimportantpartofChina'shistory.Theword"china"clearlyshowsthatthecountryisthe"homeofpottery(陶器)andporcelain（瓷器）."Collision

of

water,

clay

and

fire

gave

rise

toacolorful

pottery

and

porcelainculture.Pottery

is

a

treasure

of

humankind.

China

won

its

name

as

"Country

of

Porcelain".

As

early

as

theNeolithic

Age,

Chinese

people

had

already

got

to

know

how

to

make

and

use

pottery.1.TheexistenceofpotterywasahallmarkoftheNeolithicAge（新石器時代）inprimitivesociety.2、Morethan10,000yearsago

：Potteryshards（陶瓷碎片）werediscoveredinJiangxiProvince.3、7,000yearsago：ThesiteoftheHemuduCultureinZhejiangProvincecouldmadeGreypottery,redpottery.4、TheShangandZhoudynasties（16thcentury-221BC）：Aclear-cutdivisionoflaborhadalreadyappeared.5、TheWarringStatesPeriod（475-221BC）：Flowersandbirdswerecarvedonthepottery.6、TheWesternHanDynasty（206BC-24AD）：Theartofglazing（上釉）potterybecamewidespread.7、TheHanDynasty（206BC-220AD）：Multi-colored（綜合彩）glazewasalsointroduced.8、TheSuiDynasty（581-618）：Greatervarietyandcolor.9、TheTangDynasty(618-907):Morecolorwasappliedtothem，theinventionofpotterswhointroducedwhite,yellow,blue,green,brown,purpleandsoon.Exercises:1,Matchthepicturesandthecorrespondingdescriptions.ThepotterypotfromFairyCaveRuinsinWannianCountyofJiangxiProvinceKneelingpotteryfigurineofQinShihuangMausoleumThePaintedPotterFigurinesofAcrobaticsoftheHanDynastyThePaintedPotteryBasinwithPeople’sFacesinNetlikeDesignoftheYangshaoCultureThePaintedPotteryBasinwithDancersofMajiayaoCulture2.roleplay:ImaginethatoneofyourfriendsinviteyoutovisittheCeramicsMuseumwithhim.Yourfriendisespeciallyinterestedinpottery-making.WithapartnermakeadialoguetotalkabouttheprocessofmakingpotteryThefollowingkeyhintsmaybehelpfulforyou:﹒complicatedprocess;mixupwithsomewater;shapedintoacertainform;﹒heattoacertaintemperaturebyfire;getdried;sinterintothesolidpottery;﹒thekindwiththemostartisticcharm;paintinblackandred;﹒burnunder900-1000degreesCelsiustemperature;﹒abeautifulandeye-catchingpattern.

Ex.1P5把KeyTermsandSentences部分默寫一遍，中文英文都要抄。Ex.2P

4課文的第一段翻譯為漢語，英文不用抄寫。Ex.3P1Pre-readingQuestions僅做題1，即：1.Haveyoueverlearnttheprocessofmakingthepottery?Chapter2CeladonAge

第二章青瓷時代Pre-readingquestions:1,Doyouknowwhenporcelainappeared?Andthedifferencesbetweenpotteryandporcelain?2,Haveyoueverheardofceladon?PrimitiveCeladonZun(theShangDynasty)

商代原始瓷尊CeladonJarwithFourHandles(theEasternHanDynasty25-220)

東漢青瓷四系罐CeladonZun(Jar)withLotusPattern(theSouthernDynasties)

南朝青瓷蓮花尊EasternJinYueKilnCeladonTurtle-shapedwaterdrop東晉越窯青釉龜形硯滴Text:

Porcelain--AnImportantChineseInvention

Porcelainevolvesoutofpottery.IntheShangDynasty,primitiveporcelainappeared.Asaproductofthe“potterytoporcelain”transitionperiod,primitiveporcelainpossessesmoreintensebody,morebeautifulexterior,aboveall,washableanddurablefeatures.瓷器由陶器發(fā)展而來。商代時，原始瓷器即已問世。作為從陶器向瓷器轉(zhuǎn)變階段的產(chǎn)物，原始瓷有很多特點：坯體更緊密、外觀更漂亮、可水洗、更耐用。Duetoimmaturetechniques,itwascalled“primitiveceladon”.Atthattime,itwasstillnotperfectinsomeaspects.Theshapesgenerallyinheritedfromthecontemporarypotteryandbronze.由于技術(shù)不成熟，這時的瓷器被稱為“原始青瓷”。當時，這種瓷器在很多方面都不完善，其外形基本源于當時的陶器和青銅器。IntheEasternHanDynasty(25-220),primitiveceladonlastingfornearlyathousandyearsfinallyexitedthestageofhistory.Intoday’sShangyuregion,ZhejiangProvince,theporcelain-makingcraftsteppedoveritsprimitivestate.Theceladonpresentslightbluishyellow,turquoiseandotherdifferentcolors.至東漢時期，存在了一千多年的原始青瓷終于退出了歷史舞臺。在今天的浙江省上虞地區(qū)，瓷器制作工藝已經(jīng)跨出了其原始狀態(tài)，青瓷呈現(xiàn)出淺藍黃色，藍綠色和其他不同的顏色。

Withthefiringtemperaturesofmorethan2,372F(1,300℃),thesinteringporcelainbodybecomesdense,solidandtranslucentwithshinyglaze.Andtheglaze’ssaggingphenomenonwasalsowellcontrolled.Matureporcelainappeared.因為經(jīng)過2372華氏度（即1300攝氏度）的高溫?zé)?，燒結(jié)的瓷體變得緊密、堅固，并透著釉的光澤。而且釉的下沉現(xiàn)象也得到很好的控制。成熟的瓷器出現(xiàn)了。AftertheEasternHanDynasty(25-220),Chinaentereda400-year’sseparatedunrest---theWei(220-265),theJin(265-420)andtheSouthernandNorthernDynasties(420-589).Duringthisperiod,thehandicraftindustryinnorthChinawasdevastatedbywarfare,whereasinsouthChina,withrelativelystablesocialcondition,theporcelainindustrywaslargelydeveloped.東漢結(jié)束后，中國進入了長達400年的分裂動蕩時期，即魏晉南北朝時期。這一時期，由于長期的戰(zhàn)爭，北方的手工業(yè)受到了破壞。而在相對穩(wěn)定的南方，陶瓷業(yè)得到了很大的發(fā)展。Despitetheemergenceofblackporcelainandwhiteporcelain,celadonwasstillinadominantposition.Imagesofanimalsappearedinsouthernceladon,makingtheporcelainwarefulloffunandjoy.雖然黑瓷、白瓷開始出現(xiàn)，青瓷仍然占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。動物形象出現(xiàn)在南方的青瓷器上，使得瓷器充滿生機和樂趣。AndYueKilnwastherepresentativekilnatthattime.Duetotheexquisiteporcelainbody,thebeautyofglaze,itbecamethemodelofotherkilns.越窯是當時最具代表性的窯口，其胎之精、釉之美，成為當時眾多青瓷窯口競相模仿的楷模。celadon[‘sel?d?n]n.

青瓷；灰綠色,淺綠色porcelain[‘p??s?l?n]n.

瓷器；陶瓷evolve[?‘v?lv]v.

發(fā)展，進展；進化；逐步形成

transition[tr?n‘z???n]n.

過渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；轉(zhuǎn)換possess

[p?‘zes]vt.擁有，具備，掌握

e.g.Hedecidedtogiveawayeverythinghepossessed.

他決定放棄他所有的一切。exterior

[?k'st??r??]adj.外部的；表面的；外在的

n.外部；表面；外型；外貌

e.g.Inoneadtheviewerscarcelyseesthecar's

exterior.

在一則廣告中，觀眾幾乎看不到汽車的外觀。KeyTermsandsentences:immature[,?m?‘tj??]adj.不成熟的；未成熟的；粗糙的inherit

[?n'her?t]vt.繼承；遺傳而得

e.g.Sheinheritshermother'slooks.

她繼承了她母親的相貌。contemporary[k?n'temp?r?r?]

adj.當代的；同時代的；屬于同一時期的

e.g.Marlowewas

contemporary

withShakespeare.

馬洛與莎士比亞是同時代的。

Hehaddevotedhiswholelifetothestudyofcontemporaryart.

他把他的一生都獻給了當代藝術(shù)研究。bronze[br?nz]n.青銅；古銅色；青銅制品

adj.青銅色的；青銅制的craft[krɑ?ft]n.工藝；手藝；行業(yè)bluish

['blu???]adj.帶藍色的；有點藍的

bluishyellow藍黃色turquoise[‘t??kw??z]n.綠松石；藍綠色adj.藍綠色的translucent[tr?ns‘lu?s?nt]adj.

透明的；半透明的glazen.釉vt.上釉于

sag

vi.

下垂；下降；下沉handicraft

['h?nd?krɑ?ft]n.手工藝；手工藝品devastate[‘dev?ste?t]vt.毀滅；毀壞,破壞

e.g.Thehurricanedevastatedalargesectionofthecoast.

颶風(fēng)毀壞了沿海地區(qū)的大部分。warfare[‘w??fe?]n.戰(zhàn)爭；沖突stable

['ste?bl]adj.穩(wěn)定的；牢固的；堅定的emergence[?'m??d??ns]

n.出現(xiàn)，浮現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；露頭kiln[k?ln]n.（磚，石灰等的）窯；爐；干燥爐representative[repr?'zent?t?v]

adj.典型的，有代表性的；代議制的

n.代表；典型；眾議員exquisite

[?k'skw?z?t]adj.精致的；細膩的；優(yōu)美的，高雅的pottery['p?t?ri]n.陶器；陶器廠[作坊]porcelain['p?:s?lin]n.瓷，瓷器primitiveporcelain原始瓷immature[im?'tj??(r)]adj.不成熟的；未完成的；粗糙的technique[tek'ni:k]n.技巧，技術(shù)，手段；技能；手法celadon['sel?d?n]n.灰綠色，青瓷色，青瓷primitiveceladon原始青瓷inherit[in'herit]vt.&vi.繼承contemporary[k?n'tempr?ri]adj.當代的，現(xiàn)代的；

同時代的，同屬一個時期的turquoise[t?:kw?iz]adj.藍綠色的KeyTermsandsentences:sintering['sint?ri?]v.燒結(jié)；

燒成sag[s?ɡ]vi.下垂；消沉；下跌；translucent[tr?ns'lu:snt]adj.半透明的；

透亮的，有光澤的handicraft['h?ndikrɑ:ft]n.手工藝；手工藝品devastate['dev?steit]vt.破壞；

毀滅blackporcelain黑瓷whiteporcelain白瓷kiln[kiln]n.窯；爐YueKiln越窯emergence[i'm?:d??ns]n.出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生；

暴露1.Afterfiring,thebasewouldbecomesmooth,solidandwater-proof.Thecolorwouldturnlighter,asgreywhiteandlightyellow.燒成后胎骨細膩堅硬，不再滲水。同時胎色變得更淺，呈現(xiàn)出灰白色和淡黃色。2.Althoughprimitiveporcelainholdsmanytechnicaldeficiencies,suchasunevenporcelainbody,roughtexture,relativelypoorlighttransmission,thinandroughglazelayer,etc原始瓷雖然在工藝上存在許多不足，如胎壁厚薄不均，質(zhì)地比較粗糙，胎體的透光性比較差，釉層很薄且施釉不勻等。3.AsasymbolofChineseporcelain’sinitialstage,itsappearanceisfar-reachingandcreatesaprecedentforlatergreatflourishofporcelain.但作為中國陶瓷初始階段的標志，它的出現(xiàn)意義深遠，開創(chuàng)了瓷器大發(fā)展的先河。KeyTermsandsentences:SceneDialogueexhibition[eks?'b???n]n.展覽，顯示；展覽會pamphlet['p?mfl?t]n.小冊子jar[d?ɑ?]n.罐；廣口瓶rough[r?f]adj.粗糙的；粗略的；艱苦的；未經(jīng)加工的waterproof['w??t?pru?f]adj.防水的，不透水的deficiency[d?'f???ns?]n.缺陷，缺點；缺乏texture['tekst??]n.質(zhì)地；紋理；結(jié)構(gòu)；本質(zhì)，實質(zhì)transmission[tr?ns'm???n]n.傳遞；傳送；傳動裝置initial[?‘n???l]adj.最初的；字首的far-reachingadj.意義深遠的；影響深遠的；precedent[‘pres?d?nt]n.先例；前例flourish[‘fl?r??]n.興旺；茂盛；繁榮Scene:M=MaryK=KimMary:Hi,Kim,ThisisJingdezhenMuseumofPorcelain.Kim:Great.Mary:Wecanseesomeancientporcelainhere.Kim:Oh,Hurryup!Whereshouldwegofirst?Mary:Thisway,theexhibitionhall.Ithinkwe'dbettergetapamphletofthemuseum.Kim:What’sthis?Itlookslikeajar.Ifeelitisrough.Mary:Itwascalled“primitiveceladon”.Atthattime,itwasstillnotperfectinsomeaspects.Theshapesgenerallyinheritedfromthecontemporarypotteryandbronze.Kim:Yeah,itisprimitiveporcelain.Mary:That’sright.Primitiveporcelain,alsoknownas“primitiveceladon”,appliedKaolinclayastherawmaterialofitsbody.Afterfiring,thebasewouldbecomesmooth,solidandwater-proof.Thecolorwouldturnlighter,asgreywhiteandlightyellow.Kim:Wow.Mary:Althoughprimitiveporcelainholdsmanytechnicaldeficiencies,suchasunevenporcelainbody,roughtexture,relativelypoorlighttransmission,thinandroughglazelayer,etc,asasymbolofChineseporcelain’sinitialstage,itsappearanceisfar-reachingandcreatesaprecedentforlatergreatflourishofporcelain.Kim:Igotit.It’sverykindofyou.SupplementaryReadingPorcelain-firingCraftsThelastingflourishofthefiringandmakingofporcelainsinChinawerecloselyinvolvedwiththepreciseandaccuratedivisionoflaborandtheconstantinnovationsofthetechniquesofporcelain-making.CollectingMaterials1.Potterystones(feldspar)andKaolinclayaretheessentialmaterialsforformingbodyandcompoundingglaze.Thepotterystonewithalowcontentofpotassiumoxideandsodiumoxideareusedtoformporcelainbodyandthosewithahighcontentareusedtocompoundglaze.Collectingmaterialsisthefirststepofporcelain-making.Thepotterystoneandkaolinclayshouldbemanuallystruckintofragmentsandthengroundtofinepowderwithwater-poweredstamper.

RefiningSlurry2.ThepotterystonesandKaolinclaygroundbythewater-poweredstampershouldundergotheproceduresofwashing,precipitationandde-slagging,sothattheformingqualityofthebodieswouldbeincreased.Andglazeashshouldbeaddedtotheglazeslipformakingglaze.Thefilteredslurryispouredintoslurryboxforprecipitationandthenmadeintoclods,whicharecalled“Dunzi”.3Wheel-throwingPuttheclogsonthewheelcarts,shapethemwithhandduringhighspeedrevolutionandmakethebaseintothemoldstyle.Wheel-throwingisthetraditionalmethodforproducingpotteryandporcelain.Theroundwareslikebowlsandplateswithsimpleshapesareallformedinthisway.4StampingAftertheporcelainbaseisformed,putitonthemoldforpattingandpressingandmakethethicknessofthemudbaseeven,andthentakeitoffthemoldandplaceitintheshadetodry.5TrimmingTrimmingisalsocalledlipi(basesharpening).Theporcelainbase,whosesizeisspecified,shouldbetrimmedwithspecificknife,sothattheporcelainbasewouldbesmoothandevenbothinsideandoutsideandtheshapeoftheporcelaincouldbedetermined.6PaintingLikepolychromeglazedporcelainssuchasBlue-and-White(Qinghua)andUnderglazed-Red,afterthebase-making,thebodyshouldbepaintedwithvariousdecorativepatterns.7GlazingGlazingreferstoapplyingglazesliptothesurfaceoftheshapedporcelainbody.Itisacriticalprocessbeforethewareisfiredinthekiln.8KilnFillingTheprocedureofputtingthesagerloadedwithporcelainbodiestothekilnforfiringiscalled“kilnfilling”.Sincethetemperaturevariesindifferentpartsofthekiln,undertheconditionofstableandunimpededfire,theporcelainbodiesshouldbeplacedatdifferentplacesofthekilnbasedontheirdifferentfiringtemperatures.Andthensealtheentranceofthekilnwithbricks,leavingonlyoneopeningforthrowingfirewoodandthenlightthefire.9Over-glazedDecoratingOver-glazeddecoratingreferstoconductingcoloredpaintingsonthefiredporcelain,andthenputtingitinthekilnforthesecondtimetosolidifythecolorpigmentwithlowtemperature.TheBlue-and-White(Qinghua)porcelainwithcoloreddecorations,Five-Colors(Wucai)porcelain,Enamel-Color(Falangcai)andothercoloredpaintedporcelainsareallmadeinthisway.10FurnaceBakingTheover-glazedporcelain,afterbeingpainted,shouldbeputintoasmallanderectcylindricalfurnaceandbakedwithlowtemperatureof1,472F(800℃)tosolidifythecolors.Exercises:

1.MatchthepicturesandthecorrespondingdescriptionsCeladonZun(Jar)withLotusPattern(theSouthernDynasties)CeladonJarwithFourHandles(theEasternHanDynasty25-220)PrimitiveCeladonZun(theShangDynasty)

EasternJinYueKilnCeladonTurtle-shapedwaterdrop2MakingadialogueSupposethatoneofyourfriendscallsonyouinyourhometown,Jingdezhen.Youshowhim/heraroundtheCeramicsMuseum.Yourfriendisespeciallyinterestedinit.Youtwomakeadialogueaboutceladon.Thefollowingkeyhintsmaybehelpfulforyou:IntheShangDynasty,primitiveporcelainwascalled“primitiveceladon”.IntheEasernHanDynasty,maturedceladon,presentslightbluishyellow,turquoiseandotherdifferentcolors,becomesdense,solidandtranslucentwithshinyglaze.Byandlarge,itwasstillatatransitionalstagefrompotterytoporcelainEx.4P14把KeyTermsandSentences部分的單詞部分默寫一遍，中文英文都要抄。Ex.5P

13課文的第一段翻譯為漢語，英文不用抄寫。

Chapter3PorcelainintheTangDynasty

Pre-readingquestions:1.Doyouknowceladonsouthandwhitenorth?DoyouknowSouthYueandNorthXing?2.Haveyoueverheardof‘Sancai’?

celadonsouthandwhitenorth南青北白SouthYueandNorthXing南方越窯和北方邢窯XingKilnEwer(theTangDynasty)唐代邢窯皮囊壺ewer

[?ju?]大口水壺，水罐ChangshaKilnBrownish-GreenColorJar(theTangDynasty)唐代長沙窯褐綠彩罐brownish呈褐色的brownish-green褐綠色bluish接近藍色的bluish-yellow藍黃色Tricolor-glazedCamelCarryingMusicians唐三彩駱駝載樂俑tri-:three.(表示“三”)Tri-color三彩triangle三角形tricycle三輪腳踏車triple三倍的tripod三腳架

Tricolor-glazedPeacockCup唐三彩孔雀杯唐三彩，漢族古代陶瓷燒制工藝的珍品，全名唐代三彩釉陶器，是盛行于唐代的一種低溫釉陶器，釉彩有黃、綠、白、褐、藍、黑等色，而以黃、綠、白三色為主，所以人們習(xí)慣稱之為"唐三彩"。因唐三彩最早、最多出土于洛陽，亦有"洛陽唐三彩"之稱。1905年隴海鐵路洛陽段修筑期間，在古都洛陽北邙山發(fā)現(xiàn)一批唐代墓葬，后來人們習(xí)慣地把這類陶器稱為"唐三彩"，并且沿用至今，享譽中外。Text:

TheDevelopment--PotteryandPorcelainoftheTangDynasties

Socialprosperity

promotedthedevelopmentofporcelain-making.XingKilninthenorthandYueKilninthesouthexistedsimultaneously,formingaCeladonSouthandWhiteNorthsystem.

發(fā)展----唐代的陶器和瓷器社會的繁榮促進了陶瓷制作的發(fā)展。北方邢窯和南方越窯同時存在，形成了南青北白的格局。prosperity

[pr?'sper?t?]n.繁榮，成功

e.g.

The

city

tookon

an

air

of

prosperity.

這個城市呈現(xiàn)出繁榮的景象。promote[pr?'m??t]vt.促進；提升；推銷；發(fā)揚

e.g.Heworkedhardandwassoonpromoted.

他工作努力，很快就獲得提升。simultaneously

[?s?m?l‘te?n??sl?]

adv.同時地XingKilninthenorthandYueKilninthesouthexistedsimultaneously,forming

aCeladonSouthandWhiteNorthsystem.KeyTermsandsentences……,forming……，此處是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(AbsolutePhrase)做伴隨狀語。

獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，主要用于描繪性文字中，在句子中作狀語，表時間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示時間、條件或原因時，相當于一個狀語從句，一般放在句首，表示原因時還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補充說明時，相當于一個并列句，通常放于句末。例如：表示時間Themeetingbeingover,allofuswenthome.開完會后我們都回家了。表示條件Theconditionbeingfavourable,hemaysucceed.若條件有利，他或許能成功。表示原因Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.沒有出租車，我們只好步行。表伴隨狀況Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,silverbeingthebestofall.幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體，而銀則是最好的導(dǎo)體。表示補充說明Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.我們加倍努力，一個人干兩個人的活。YueKilnceladonglazepresentedajade-liketexture,withabluishgreenandyellow-shiningcolor,praisedas“thearistocratinporcelainwares”.Itenjoyedareputationforceladonandblackglazedporcelainproduction.Whilekilnsinthenorth,withtheXingKilnasarepresentative,becameknownfortheirwhiteporcelain.越窯青瓷呈現(xiàn)溫潤如玉的釉質(zhì)，青綠略帶閃黃的色彩，并被譽為“瓷中貴族”。它因為出產(chǎn)青瓷和黑瓷而享譽盛名。而北方窯口以邢窯為代表，因為白瓷而出名。jade

[d?ed]n.碧玉,翡翠;翡翠色;劣馬,駑馬adj.玉制的;翡翠色的;綠玉色的v.（使）疲;（使）疲憊不堪jade-likeadj.像玉一樣的,如玉的texture[?t?kst??]n.質(zhì)地;結(jié)構(gòu);本質(zhì)v.使具有某種結(jié)構(gòu)jade-liketexture玉石般的質(zhì)感aristocrat['?r?st?kr?t]n.貴族reputation[repj?‘te???n]n.名聲，名譽；聲望become/beknownfor因/以……而聞名

KeyTermsandsentencesThetwotypesofproductsfeatureddistinct

regionalflavor,attainedahighdegreeoftechnicalperfection,andrepresentedthecountry’shighestlevelofporcelainmakingthen.這兩種瓷制品帶有具有鮮明的地域特色，達到了很高的技術(shù)完善度，并代表著當時我國的最高制瓷水平。distinct[d?'st??kt]adj.明顯的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的regional[‘ri?d??nl]adj.地區(qū)的；局部的；區(qū)域性的flavor

['fle?v?]n.情味，風(fēng)味；滋味attain[?'te?n]vt.達到，實現(xiàn)；獲得；到達

e.g.Hewantstoattainhisobject.perfection[p?'fek?(?)n]n.完善；完美KeyTermsandsentencesChangshaKilnshowedthenewwayofcolorporcelainandisuniqueinporcelaindecoration.AlthoughChangshaKilnwasafolkkiln,itmadesplendidachievementsincolordecorationandgotincreasingattention.長沙窯昭示了瓷器彩繪發(fā)展的新方向并在陶瓷裝飾領(lǐng)域獨樹一幟。長沙窯雖為普通民窯，卻在彩繪裝飾方面成就卓越，其地位日益受到重視。unique

[ju?'ni?k]adj.獨特的，唯一的，獨一無二的decoration[dek?‘re???n]n.裝飾，裝潢；裝飾品

*

decorate

vt.裝飾；布置

folk[f??k]n.民族；人們；[口語]大伙們，各位

adj.民間的；民俗的；平民百姓的；起源于民間的splendid['splend?d]adj.輝煌的；極好的；杰出的achievement[?‘t?i?vm?nt]n.成就；成績；完成although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種，其本身也是狀語從句。一般翻譯為"盡管……"或"即使……"，就是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪杏玫?退一步說…"的感覺。Though，although表示“雖然，縱然”之意。這兩個連詞意思大致相同，在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語中，though較常使用，although比though正式，二者都可與yet,still或never，theless連用，但不能與but連用。

例如：Although/Thoughheisveryold,heisquitestrong.他雖然年紀大了，身體還很健壯。AlthoughChangshaKilnwasafolkkiln,itmadesplendidachievementsincolordecorationandgotincreasingattention.What’smore,newvarietiessuchastri-colorglazedpotteryappeared.Knownas“sancai”inChinese,itisatypeofceramicsoftheTangDynasty,(618-907AD)usingthreeintermingledcolorsfordecoration.此外，像三彩陶器這樣的新種類出現(xiàn)了。這種陶器在中國被稱為“三彩”，是唐朝時期用三種顏色來裝飾的一種陶瓷。what‘more的用法what'more表示遞進，表示“然而/還有...的”意思，獨立使用，more后面不加詞和句。what'smore后面加逗號，既可以放句首，也可以放句中

放句首時，What'smore,……（然而怎樣怎樣）

放句中，……，what'smore,……（……，還有/然而，……）

例如：:What'smore,heonlyknewhowtospellapple!

What'smore可以翻譯成況且、更進一步來說、另外、更加苦逼/霸氣的是。Idon'tknowhowtocook,what'smore,Idon'tenjoythefoodintherestaurant.tri-colorglazedpottery

三彩陶器*

tri-[trai]pref.三；三倍

e.g.triangle

三角形tricycle

三輪腳踏車intermingle

[?nt?‘m??g?l]vt.使混合；使攙和Leadoxideistheprincipalfluxintheglaze,andapolychromeeffectisobtainedbyusingcoloring

agentslikecopper(whichturnsgreen),iron(whichturnsyellowish-brown)andcobalt(whichturnsblue),thenfiringatabout800℃.

其釉以氧化鉛為主要助熔劑，其彩飾效果是通過使用銅（會變成綠色）、鐵（會變成黃褐色）和鈷（會變成藍色）等釉料著色劑在800攝氏度的低溫下燒制而成。leadoxide['?ksa?d]氧化鉛；一氧化鉛

principal

['pr?ns?p?l]adj.主要的;n.首長；校長flux[fl?ks]vt.使熔解；vi.熔化；流出

n.助焊劑，助熔劑polychrome['p?l?kr??m]adj.多彩的；多色裝飾的obtain[?b‘te?n]vt.獲得；得到

e.g.Youcanalsoobtainknowledgethroughpractice.

你還可以從實踐經(jīng)驗中獲得知識。coloringagent

著色劑；染料copper[‘k?p?]n.銅

cobalt[‘k??b??lt]n.[化學(xué)]鈷；鈷類顏料800℃:800degreesCelsius['sels??s]Sancaiwaresaremostlyfuneralobjects,reflectingthecommonpracticeofburyinginalavishwayatthattime.三彩制品大多作為冥器，用于隨葬，反映了當時厚葬之風(fēng)盛行。funeral['fju?n?r?l]n.葬禮；adj.喪葬的，出殯的reflect[r?'flekt]vt.反映；反射，照出；顯示;反省

vi.反射，映現(xiàn)；深思lavish[‘l?v??]adj.浪費的；揮霍的；豐富的；大方的prosperity

[pr?'sper?t?]n.繁榮，成功

e.g.

The

city

tookon

an

air

of

prosperity.

這個城市呈現(xiàn)出繁榮的景象。promote[pr?'m??t]vt.促進；提升；推銷；發(fā)揚

e.g.Heworkedhardandwassoonpromoted.

他工作努力，很快就獲得提升。simultaneously

[?s?m?l'te?n??sl?]

adv.同時地aristocrat['?r?st?kr?t]n.貴族reputation[repj?'te???n]n.名聲，名譽；聲望distinct[d?'st??kt]adj.明顯的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的regional[‘ri?d??nl]adj.地區(qū)的；局部的；區(qū)域性的KeyTermsandsentencesflavor

['fle?v?]n.情味，風(fēng)味；滋味attain[?'te?n]vt.達到，實現(xiàn)；獲得；到達

e.g.Hewantstoattainhisobject.perfection[p?'fek?(?)n]n.完善；完美unique

[ju?'ni?k]adj.獨特的，唯一的，獨一無二的decoration[dek?‘re???n]n.裝飾，裝潢；裝飾品

*

decorate

vt.裝飾；布置

folk[f??k]n.民族；人們；[口語]大伙們，各位

adj.民間的；