新教材2021-2022學(xué)年英語北師大版選擇性必修第二冊練習(xí)：Unit 4 Starting out 與 Understanding ideas

十Unit4Startingout&Understandingideas

語用訓(xùn)練

I.單句語法填空

1.(2019U匕京高考)lftheyhaveproblemswithregistration,Wilsonis

theretoassist(assist)them.

2.(2017,江蘇高考)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,

oneofwhosepurposesistorelieve(relieve)worldwidestarvation.

3.Butwithsomeworkanddevotion(devote),you/llmakeprogress.

4.Thesespecialist(special)doctorsusuallyworkinhospitalsandare

knownas“consultants".

5.Measlesisoneofthemostinfectious(infect)diseasesknown.

6.Butwhatisvitally(vital)importantisthatthemoneyisspentwelland

honestly.

7.Hesaidtherewasnosilverbulletfortackling(tackle)climatechange.

8.Wereceivedyourclaimforcompensation(compensate)forthedelay

ofshipment.

9.Oursisessentiallyatragicage,sowerefusetotakeittrauicallv

(tragical).

10.TheJinggangmountainsstandwheretheboundaries(boundary)of

fourcountiesmeet.

n.選詞填空

takeanychances,regardlessof,compensatefor,involvedin,

stepintoone'sshoes,getcaughtupin,devoteone/slifeto,bevital

for,atrisk,againstallodds

1.Theriverransofastthatwecouldn/ttakeanvchancestocrossit.

2.Awoodenlegcancompensateforaphysicaldisability.

3.Myfatherrunsafactory.Ihavegrownupandhewantsmetostev

intohisshoes.

4.Herhusbanddiedatanearlyage,butshehasdevotedherlifeto

bringingupfourchildren.

5.Itisknownthattechnologyisvitalforagriculturaldevelopment.

6.Youngmenfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnot

respondtosocialmediapostsquickly,andaroundtheclock.

7.Sheavoidedgettingcaughtupincompetitionwithotherfamilies

becauseshewantedtoliveapeacefullife.

8.Regardlessofhisparents'opposition,heinsistedonvolunteeringto

teachinaremoteplace.

9.1don'twanttogetinvolvedintheargumentaboutwhoistoblame.

10.Weareprovingwecandoitagainstallodds.

m.完成句子

1.We'retoobusytotakealongholidaythisyear,nottomentionthe

factthatwecan'taffordit.

今年我們太忙了，不能休長假，更不用說我們還負(fù)擔(dān)不起（這筆錢了）。

2.Myteacherdidwhathecouldtomakehisclasslively.

我的老師盡他所能使他的課生動活潑。

3.Onecouldheareverysubjectunderthesunbeinghotlvdiscussed.

你們可以聽到人們天南海北什么都談得很熱烈。

4.Notonlydidhemakeapromise,butalsohekeptit.

他不僅做出了許諾，而且履行了諾言。

5.It/sveryimportantforstudentstolistentoteacherscarefullyin

class.

對于學(xué)生來說上課認(rèn)真聽老師講課是非常重要的。

教師

專用結(jié)合課文主題使用本單元詞匯與句型，根據(jù)提示寫篇80詞左

右的短文

1.一天，山林里發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。

2.消防隊(duì)員到達(dá)現(xiàn)場時(shí)，火勢正猛。

3.在當(dāng)?shù)卣膸椭拢狸?duì)員很快撲滅了大火。但是一名消防員

受傷了。

4.他被帶到了最近的診所，馬上請來了專家。

5.時(shí)間對他來說太重要了。

6.醫(yī)生和專家合作挽救了他的生命。

Onedav,afireoutbreakhappenedinthemountainforest.The

firewasragingwhenthefiremenarrivedonthescene.Assistedbvthe

localgovernment,firefighterssoontackledthefire.Butoneofthe

firemenwasiniured.Hewastakentothenearestclinicandspecialists

werecalledinimmediatelv.Timeistoovitaltohim.Doctorsand

expertscollaboratedtogethertosavehislife.

主題閱讀

I.閱讀理解

A

Amberhasadegreeinbusinessmanagementandeconomics.She

putherskillstogoodusewhenshespentelevenmonthsinCambodia

（柬t甫寨）throughWorldHopeInternationalasavolunteerworkingwith

alocalmicro-finance（小額信貸）companytohelpthepoorgetfinancial

services.

Amber/sfirstfewweeksinCambodiawerebusyanddifficultasshe

triedtolearnthelanguage,understandthecultureandgetusedtoher

newsurroundings.Hervolunteerserviceinvolvedworkingwithalocal

micro-financecompany.Inadditiontowritingplans,preparing

internationalmarketingmaterialsandbuildingdonor（捐贈人）relations,

Ambermetwithcompanyclients.Duringthesevisitsshelearnedhow

thesmallloanstheyreceivedtransformedtheirlives.Shelearned

first-handthebenefitsofmicro-finance,whichbyprovidingfarmers

andsmall-businessownerswithaffordableworkingcapital（suchas

moneytobuyasewingmachine）helpedthemtoearntheirwayoutof

poverty（貧窮）.

“Itneverstoppedamazingmewhenaclientwouldshowmeanew

homethatwasbuiltbecauseofaloanhereceivedorthewayaclient's

businesshadimprovedandthusallowedhischildrentobesentto

school,"Ambersaid.

AmberrecalledthatoneclientcalledPaulwalkedherallaroundhis

house,pointingtowhathehaddonewitheachofeightloanshe'd

received.Heexplainedhoweveryloanhadimprovedhisfamily'squality

oflife.Ambersaidhewasoneofthehardest-workingmenshehadever

met.HehadsufferedgreatlyintheCambodianCivilWarandbecame

disabled,butnotoncedidheletitkillhisdreamsofrealizingabetter

lifeforhisfamily.Hislatestpurchase,asoundsystemthatherented

outforweddingsandotherpartiesdoubledhisincome!

Ambersaid,'livingandworkinginCambodiahelpedmeseethe

worldinnewwaysandmademeawareofthehardshipandsuffering

thatmanypeoplearoundtheworldfaceeveryday.Thoseeleven

monthsweresomeofthemostmeaningfulmonthsofmylife."

【文章大意】Amber作為志愿者在柬埔寨生活、工作了十一個(gè)月，并

通過幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝藬[脫貧窮，對世界有了新的看法。

1.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.WorldHopeInternational

B.BenefitsofMicro-finance

C.Amber/sVolunteerExperienceinCambodia

D.PovertyinDevelopingCountries

選C。標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，本文主要介紹了Amber在柬埔寨的志

愿者經(jīng)歷。

2.Amber'svolunteerworkinCambodiaincludedallofthefollowing

thingsEXCEPT.

A.teachingthelanguage

B.meetingwithcompanyclients

C.writingplans

D.buildingdonorrelations

選細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的

Ao"Inadditiontowritingplans...

companyclients."可知，文章沒有提到Amber教當(dāng)?shù)厝苏Z言。事實(shí)是

她本人需要克服困難學(xué)習(xí)語言，因此項(xiàng)不符合文意，故選

AAo

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.AmbermetwithnodifficultiesaftershearrivedinCambodia

B.AmberistheleaderofWorldHopeInternational

C.fewchildrengotoschoolbecausetherearen/tenoughschoolsin

Cambodia

D.manylocalpeopleinCambodiachangedtheirliveswiththeloans

選推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的

Do"howthesmallloanstheyreceived

transformedtheirlives"和第三段內(nèi)容可知，小額信貸項(xiàng)目讓很多人受

益，改變了他們的生活。

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutPaulisTRUE?

A.Eachoftheloanshehadreceivedhelpedhimalot.

B.Hewaspoorbecausehedidn/tworkashardasothers.

C.Hebecamedisabledbecauseofacaraccident.

D.Heboughtasoundsystemforhiswedding.

選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的"everyloanhadimprovedhisfamily's

qualityoflife"可知，每筆小額信貸都幫助他改善了他家人的生活。

B

（2021?黃山高二檢測）

Initsbesttimesonthenineteenthcentury,thatch（矛早屋頂）playedan

importantroleinprotectingBritishhomesfromtheweather.Butnew

technologiessincehaveledtoarapiddeclineinthatchingandmanyof

thethatchedcottagesthatremainhavebeenchangedbeyondall

recognitionbydevelopersorhaverunintodisrepair,aratherupsetting

reminderofabygoneage.

AWelshcompany,however,istryingtobreathenewlifeintosome

ofthelasttraditionalthatchedcottagesinwesternWalesbyrepairing

themandlettingthemoutasholidayhomes.Called“UndertheThatch",

thecompanyisrunbyGregStevenson,wholivesinhisownthatched

cottageinCeredigion.Anarchitecturalhistorianbytraining,herepairs

oldbuildingsinold-fashionedways.

AllthecottagesareinattractivelocationsaroundsouthwestWales.

Unlikemostholidayhomes,thecottagesareletallyearround—chiefly

becauseGregpricesthemlowerthanmanyholidayproperties（房屋）and

he'dpreferthatpropertiesarerentedjustabovecostpricethannot

usedatall.Andwiththatcomesabargainortwo:it'scommonfora

propertytogoforaslittleas￡35anight.Consequentlyoccupancyfor

propertieswith“UndertheThatch”isat95percent（theaveragein

Walesis35percent）.

ItssuccesshasmeantthatGreghasbeenabletobuyupmoreold

cottagesandbringthembackintothecommunity.Greghasalso

diversifiedfromofferingonlythatchedcottages:henowletsouta

varietyofrareaccommodationsdottedaroundwesternstyles,including

arenovated（修復(fù)的）traincarriageandtwogypsycaravanswhichwere

usedbyRomanies.

Mostofhisthirtypropertiesarerunusingenvironmentallyfriendly

technologies—includingsolarpanelsandrecycledfurnishings.Butmost

importantly,whatthecottagesallhaveincommonisthattheybring

backlifetolocalcommunities.Spendaweekend“UndertheThatch”

ratherthaninaholidayhome,buylocalfoodandvisitnearby

restaurants,andyouwillbecontributingtothelocaleconomy.

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。在英國歷史上曾經(jīng)發(fā)揮過積極作用的

茅草屋，被人們遺忘且數(shù)量上迅速減少，不過最近威爾士的一家公司

正試圖給威爾士西部最后的一些傳統(tǒng)茅草屋注入新的活力，這家公

司把這些茅草屋變成了復(fù)古的度假屋，并取得了成功。

5.Howdoestheauthorsoundwhentalkingaboutthatchedcottagesin

Paragraph1?

A.Excited.B.Afraid.C.Sorry.D.Humorous.

選推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中最后一句話可知，許多保留下來的

Co

茅草屋要么被開發(fā)商改造得面目全非，要么年久失修，這讓人難過地

想起了一個(gè)逝去的時(shí)代。所以可以判斷出，作者在第一段中談到茅草

屋時(shí)聽起來有些難過。故選C。

6.Whatisthemainreasonforthesuccessof“UndertheThatch"?

A.Theproperties'lowprices.

B.Thecompany'sexcellentservices.

C.Thecompany'screativedesigners.

D.Theproperties'beautifullocations.

選細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中

Ao"Unlikemostholidayhomes,the

cottagesareletallyearround.可知，與大多數(shù)度假屋不同的是這

些小屋全年出租，主要是因?yàn)镚reg把它們的價(jià)格控制得比許多度假

屋要低。所以成功的主要原因是房價(jià)很低。故選

"UndertheThatch”Ao

7.Besidethatchedcottages,whatdoesGreg'scompanyprovide?

A.Designingplansformoderncottages.

B.Otheruncommonstylesofholidayhomes.

C.Environmentallyfriendlytechnologies.

D.Adviceondevelopingthelocaleconomy.

選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知,Greg的公司現(xiàn)在推出了各

種罕見的西方風(fēng)格的住所，包括翻新后的火車車廂和兩個(gè)吉卜賽人

使用的吉卜賽大篷車。所以除了茅草屋,Greg的公司還提供其他不尋

常風(fēng)格的度假屋。故選B。

8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.BuyupTraditionalThatchedCottages.

B.ProtectBritishHomesfromtheWeather.

C.SpendaWeekendUndertheThatch.

D.BringPropertiesBackintotheCommunity.

選標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文尤其是最后一段可知，作者建議游客周

Ce

末"在茅草屋下〃度過，而不是在度假屋度過。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為

"在茅草屋下度周末"。故選C。

教師專用?【閱讀多維訓(xùn)練】在句子"AWelshcompany,however,is

tryingtobreathenewlifeintosomeofthelasttraditionalthatched

cottagesinwesternWalesbyrepairingthemandlettingthemoutas

holidayhomes."中,breathe一詞在這里是什么意思？

breathe本意是“呼吸”，在這里是“注入”的意思。

n.閱讀填句

（2021?池州高二檢測）

Therearelotsofskiingloversaroundtheworld.Togetthemost

outofyourtimeonthemountainyoushouldthinkthrougheachpartof

youradventure-equipment,clothing,food,andtravel.1,the

moretimeyoucanspendontheslopes.

Equipment

Yourskiingequipment—composedofyourskis,poles,bindings,

helmet,andgoggles—shouldbecheckedover,andpossiblytunedup

beforeyoupackyourbagsforthemountain.2.Inspectyourboots

tomakesuretheyfitproperly.Checkyourgogglesandputthemonwith

yourhelmettoseethattheyfitcomfortablyandofferawidefieldof

view.

Clothing

Yourjacketandsnowpantsshouldbeproperlyfittingandrecently

cleaned.Makesureyourglovesareingoodshapeandofferasenseof

comfort.3.Don/tforgetextraitemslikewarmsocks,neck

warmersandskimasksaswell.

Food

Anyonewhohaseverpurchasedlunchattheskilodgeknowsjust

howexpensiveitcanbe.Packingyourownlunchsavesyoumoneyand

getsyoubackontheslopesfaster.4,bringplentyoffluidsto

drinkonbreaksbetweenruns.

5

Knowyourwaytothemountainbeforeyouhittheroadand

considerwritingdowndirectionsifyouknowyou'reheadingintoareas

withspottyservice.Atthemountain,chooseadesignatedmeetingplace

incasethegroupbecomesseparated—aspotnearthemainliftoften

workswell.Checktheforecastandcurrentconditionsofthemountain.

Manyskiresortswillhaveliveupdatesonthenumberofopentrailsand

lifts.

A.Routesandplanning

B.Spotsandconditions

C.Ifyouarefullyprepared

D.Themorepreparedyouare

E.Whilebringingabottleofwaterwithyouonthemountainisn't

recommended

F.Besides,longunderweargoesalongwayinkeepingyourlegswarm

andcomfortable

G.Ifyouaretakingyourskisontotheslopefortheveryfirsttime,they

mayalsoneedafreshwax

【文章大意】本文為說明文，主要介紹了滑雪時(shí)應(yīng)做的一些準(zhǔn)備。

1.選D。前句介紹滑雪出行前的準(zhǔn)備，該空后提到的是有個(gè)好的準(zhǔn)備

的結(jié)果,故本空也應(yīng)該與準(zhǔn)備相關(guān),而"themore...,themore..."句

式也為判斷答案的依據(jù)之一。故選D。

選本段介紹滑雪裝備。根據(jù)常識可知，設(shè)備使用前需打蠟，分

2.Go

析選項(xiàng)可知G項(xiàng)中的"alsoneed"與上文"Yourskiingequipment—

composedofyourskis,poles,bindings,helmet,andgoggles—shouldbe

相呼應(yīng),故選

checkedover”Go

選從小標(biāo)題可知本段介紹的是（衣物幾分析選項(xiàng)可知

3.Fo"Clothing

F項(xiàng)中“l(fā)ongunderweargoesalongwayinkeepingyourlegswarmand

comfortable"中的"longunderwear僦是屬于衣服，這是提示字眼。故

選F。

4.選E。本段介紹的是"Food”,是對吃喝的準(zhǔn)備。分析選項(xiàng)可知E項(xiàng)"不

建議你帶著一瓶水上山〃符合段意，且與后文相呼應(yīng)，故選

Eo

5.選A。本題考查段落小標(biāo)題。分析最后一段的內(nèi)容"Knowyourway

to...downdirectionsifyouknowyou'reheadingintoareaswithspotty

service.Atthemountain,chooseadesignatedmeeting.可知,本段

敘述的是路線及計(jì)劃。故選A。

m.完形填空

WhenIwasakid,myparentssentmetoasummercampinNew

Hampshire.Themostmemorable1wasanovernighttripof

mountainclimbing.Ifyou'veever2amountain,youknowit'sa

physicalchallenge,3whenyou'recarryingyourfoodandshelter

onyourback.Whencampersgot4,theycertainlystarted

complaining.

“Howmuchfartherisit?"

"Ican'tgoanyfurther."

“My5istooheavy.Canyoucarryitforme?"

Thereplyofthe6was,"Suckitup/?.Thetruthisthatthe

complainingcamperswere7nearthepointof8.Iftheyhad

been,theteacherswouldhavenoticedthe9andgiventhem

care.Thekidssimplyweren/tusedtothephysicalchallenge.Oncethey

realizedtheyweren/tgettinganysympathy,they10the

discomfort,andinmostcases工工havingagreattime.

Noonelikesacomplainer.They/re工2andtheyhurtthe

group.Complainingmakeslife13foreveryone.Instead,ifyou

determinetomasteryourown14,tomovepastitandfocusona

15,it'smyexperiencethatyou/llrealizeitwasn'tbadinthefirst

place.

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。"我〃小時(shí)候參加了一個(gè)夏令營，期

間和其他人一起參加夜晚登山露營活動。登山過程中，有人會抱怨走

不動了；但是后來"我〃發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果我們停止抱怨，堅(jiān)持下去，我們的

道路并沒有那么難走。

1.A.experienceB.behaviourC.occasionD.situation

選根據(jù)該句中的可知,此處

Ao"anovernighttripofmountainclimbing”

表示這是最難以忘懷的一次經(jīng)歷(experience)。behaviour行為；

occasion場合；situation|青形。

2.A.seenB.reached

C.climbedD.described

選C。根據(jù)上文中的“mountainclimbing"可知，此處表示“爬"(climb)山。

see看至此reach至I」達(dá);describe描述。

3.A.especiallyB.normally

C.obviouslyD.naturally

選A。根據(jù)語境可知，爬山是一種身體上的挑戰(zhàn)，尤其(especially)是當(dāng)

你背著食物和露營裝備的時(shí)候。normally正常地;obviously明顯地；

naturally自然地。

4.A.ashamedB.tired

C.puzzledD.shocked

選根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識可知，當(dāng)露營者累了的時(shí)候，他們開

Bo(tired)

始抱怨。ashamed羞愧的;puzzled困惑的;shocked震驚的。

5.A.foodB.water

C.shelterD.backpack

選根據(jù)第一段中的

Do"whenyou'recarryingyourfoodandshelteron

yourback"可知，此處表示有人抱怨自己的背包(backpack)太重。food

食物;water水;shelter遮蔽物。

6.A.parentsB.teachersC.guidesD.partners

選B。根據(jù)下文中的"theteacherswouldhavenoticed...care”可知,此

處表示"老師們(teachers)的回答"。parents父母;guides導(dǎo)游;

partners搭檔。

7.A.somewhereB.anywhere

C.nowhereD.everywhere

選根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識可知，事實(shí)是，抱怨的露營者遠(yuǎn)沒有

c0

(nowhere)筋疲力盡(exhaustion),nowherenear意為"遠(yuǎn)沒有”。

8.A.campB.exhaustion

C.mountainD.destination

選事實(shí)是，抱怨的露營者遠(yuǎn)沒有筋疲力盡。野營;

Bo(exhaustion)camp

mountainill;destination目的地。

9.A.signsB.activitiesC.gesturesD.scenes

選根據(jù)語境可知，如果有人筋疲力盡的話，老師們會注意到這種

Ao

跡象(signs),并且給予他們照顧。activities活動;gestures姿態(tài);scenes

場面。

10.A.sharedB.understood

C.sufferedD.overcame

選根據(jù)語境可知，抱怨的人一旦意識到他們得不到同情，他們會

Do

克服(overcame)不適。shared分享；understood理解;suffered遭受。

11.A.couldn'thelpB.endedup

C.insistedonD.gaveup

選并且大多數(shù)情況下，最終玩得很開心。

Bo(endedup)couldn'thelp

禁不住;insistedon堅(jiān)持;gaveup放棄。

12.A.amazingB.shocking

C.worryingD.annoying

選D。根據(jù)該句中的"theyhurtthegroup"可知，抱怨的人讓人討厭

(annoying),,amazing驚人的;shocking令人震驚的;worrying令人擔(dān)憂

的。

13.A.poorerB.harderC.easierD.better

選根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識可推知，抱怨讓每個(gè)人的生活更加艱難

Bo

(harder)0

14.A.lifeB.mind

C.sufferingD.mistake

選C。根據(jù)語境可知，相反，據(jù)“我〃的經(jīng)驗(yàn)看，如果你決心去掌控你的

痛苦(suffering)。life生活;mind思想;mistake錯(cuò)誤。

15.A.tripB.planC.solutionD.dream

選根據(jù)句意"據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)看，越過它并集中注意力于解決方法，那

Ce

么一開始你就會意識到它并不是那么糟糕〃可知此處為solution(解決

方法)。trip旅法plan計(jì)劃；dream夢想。

教師

苣用【備選語篇】閱讀理解

（2021?廣州高二檢測）

Closeyoureyesforaminuteandimaginewhatlifewouldbelikeif

youhadahundreddollarsless.Alsoimaginewhatitwouldbelike

spendingtherestofyourlifewithyoureyesclosed.Imaginehavingto

readthispage,notwithyoureyesbutwithyourfinger-tips.

Withexistingmedicalknowledgeandskills,two-thirdsofthe

world's42millionblindshouldnothavetosuffer.Unfortunately,rich

countriespossessmostofthisknowledge,whiledevelopingcountriesdo

not.

ORBISisaninternationalnon-profitorganizationwhichoperates

theworld'sonlyflyingteachingeyehospital.ORBISintendstohelpfight

blindnessworldwide.InsideaDC-8aircraft,thereisafully-equipped

teachinghospitalwithtelevisionstudioandclassroom.Doctorsare

taughtthelatesttechniquesofbringingsightbacktopeoplethere.

ProjectORBISalsoaimsatpromotingpeacefulcooperation（合作）among

countries.

ORBIStriestohelpdevelopingcountriesbyprovidingtraining

duringthree-weekmedicalprograms.ORBIShastaughtsight-saving

techniquestoover35,000doctorsandnurses,whocontinuetocure

tensofthousandsofblindpeopleeveryyear.ORBIShasconducted17

planeprogramsinChinasofar.Fortheseventotenmillionblindin

China,ORBISisplanningtodomoreforthem.Atthemomentan

ORBISisworkingonalong-termplantodevelopatrainingcenterandto

provideeyecareservicetoShanxiProvince.ORBISneedsyourhelpto

continuetheirworkandfreepeoplefromblindness.

Forjust$38,youcanhelponepersonsee;for$380youcanbring

sightto10people;$1,300helpsteachadoctornewskills;andfor$13,

000youcanprovideatrainingprogrammeforagroupofdoctorswho

canmakethousandsofblindpeopleseeagain.Yourmoneycanopen

theireyestotheworld.PleasehelpORBISimprovethequalityoflife