航海英語閱讀理解92篇(附答案)

Chapter1

Passage01

Merchantshipsaredesignedtocarrycargo.Somearealsodesignedtocarrypassengers.Theycanoperateasliners.

Theseareemployedonregularroutesonafixedtimetable.Alistoftheirarrivalanddeparturedatesispublishedin

advanceandtheysailwhetherfullornot.Linerscanbeclassedaseitherdeep-sealinersorshort-sealiners.Theformer

carrymainlycontainerizedcargoacrosstheoceansoftheworld;thelatercarrycontainerizedorconventionalcargoon

shorterroutes.Ferriesarealsoclassedasliners.Theseofferadailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehiclesacross

channelsandnarrowseas.Afewshipsarestillemployedaspassengerliners.Theynotonlycarrypassengersbutalso

somecargoonroutesfromEuropetoNorthAmericaandtotheFarEast.Nowadaysthepassengertradeisverysmalland

passengerlinersusuallyoperateascruiseshipsforpartoftheyear.

001.Thedeep-sealiners.

A.carrymainlycontainerizedcargo

B.carrymainlyconventionalcargo

C.offeradailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehicles

D.sailacrosschannelsandnarrowseas.

OO2.TheLiners.

A.alwayssailfullB.sailregularlyevennotfull

C.alwayssailinballastD.willnotsailifnotfull

003.Alistofthearrivalanddeparturedatesofliners.

A.willbepublishedweekly

B.willbepublishedwhentheysaihwhetherfullornot,fromEuropetoNorthAmericaandtotheFarEast

C.willnotbepublishedeventheysailfullyloaded

D.ispublishedpriortotheirdeparture

004.ltisimpliedinthepassagethat.

A.thenumberofpassengershipsissmall

B.allpassengershipswillcarrysomecargoinnearfuture

C.itisnotnecessaryforlinerstosailinregulartime

D.containerearnersshouldcarrysomepassengers

Passage02

Nowadays,mostmerchantshipsarebuilttocarrycargoes.Andtheymainlyoperateastramps.Thesevesselsdonotsail

onregularroutesorkeeptoafixedtimetable,butareemployedwherethereiscargoforthemtocarry.Trampscanbe

classedasdeep-seatrampsorshort-seatramps.Anumberareclassedascoasters.Theseplyoncoastalroutesandup

riverstoinlandports.Thetraditionaltrampcargoesaredrybulkcargoes,butsomearedesignedtocarrygeneralcargoes.

Alargenumberofmerchantshipsoperateasspecializedvessels.Thesearedesignedtocarryaparticulartypeofcargo.

Thereareseveraltypesofspecializedvessel.Themostcommonareoiltankers.Theyareownedbythemajoroil

companiesorbyindependentoperators.Twoothertypesofliquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportancearechemical

carriersandliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)carriers.

005.Thedeep-seatramps.

A.carrybulkandgeneralcargoacrossthehighseas

B.arebuilttocarrypassengers

C.aremainlycoasters

D.arespecializedvessel

OO6.Thecoasters.

A.alwayssailacrossthehighseas

B.commonlycarryoilcargo

C.aremainlytankers

D.sailoncoastalroutesandupriverstoinlandports

007.TheimportanceofLNGcarriers.

A.isgrowing

B.isnotmentionedinpassage

C.isdecreasing

D.willbediscussedfurtherifnecessary

008.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.

A.thenumberofspecializedvesselsisnotsmall

B.alloiltankerswillcarrysomechemicalsinnearfuture

C.thetrampsandspecializedvesselsarethebasictypeofmerchantships.

D.containercarriersshouldnotbeclassedastramps

Passage03

Cargoshipscanbedividedintotwobasictypes.Onetypecarriesdrycargo,theothercarriesliquidcargo;however,an

OBOshipisdesignedtocarryboth.Atraditionaldrycargoshipisthemulti-deckvessel.Herholdsaredivided

horizontallybyoneortwo'tweendecks,becausethesemakestowageofindividualpackageseasier.Drybulkcargois

carriedinbulkcarriers.Thesedonothavetweendecksascargoiscarriedloose.Themostmoderntypeofdrycargo

carrieristhecontainership.Theycarrycontainersofstandarddimensions,consequentlystowageiseasier.Fruit,meat

anddairyproducearecarriedinrefrigeratedships.Oiltankersarethemostcommontypeofliquidcargocarrier.They

areoftenverylarge,becausehugequantitiesofoilneedtobetransportedandonelargevesselismoreeconomicalto

operatethantwosmallerones.Twoothertypesofliquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportancearetheliquefiednaturalgas

(LNG)carrierandthechemicalcarrier,althoughchemicalcanalsobecarriedindrumsingeneralcargoships.

OO9.Therearetypesofliquidbulkcarrier.

A.2B.3

C.4D.5

010.Amulti-deckvesselhastweendecks.

A.hasmanyB.no

C.onlyoneD.hasuptotwo

011.Fruit,meatanddairyproducearecarriedin.

A.containerscarriersB.traditionalships

C.OBOshipsD.refrigeratedships

O12.Thetypesofdrycargocarriersmentionedinthepassageare.

A.tweendeckers,OBOships

B.traditionaldrycargoshipandmulti-deckvessel

C.OBOships,oiltankers,chemicaltankersandLNGcarriers

D.drycargoship,drybulkcargocarrier,containercarriersandrefrigeratedships

Passage04

Theaxialthrustofthepropelleristheforceworkinginaforeandaftdirection.Thisforcecausestheshiptomoveahead

throughthewaterortogoastern.Becauseofhershape,ashipwillmoveaheadthroughthewatermoreeasilythangoing

astern.

Thetransversethrustisthesidewaysforceofthepropellerasitrotates.Thetransverseeffectofthepropellerbladesat

thetopnearthesurfaceofthewaterisnotstrongenoughtocounteracttheoppositeeffectofthelowerblades.For

right-handedpropellersthiscantstheship'ssterntostarboardandherbowtoport,whentheshipisgoingahead.The

effectissmallandcanbecorrectedbytherudder.Whentheenginesareputastern,theeffectistheoppositeandthestern

cantstoport.Thiseffectisstrongerandcannoteasilybecorrected.Vesselswithleft-handedpropellersbehaveinthe

oppositeway.

013.Theforcethatcausestheshiptomoveaheadthroughthewaterortogoasternisknownas.

A.axialthrust

B.transversethrust

C.thetransverseeffectofthepropellerbladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewater

D.thetransverseeffectofthelowerbladesofthepropellernearthebottomofthewater

0I4.Aleft-handedpropellers,whentheshipisgoingahead,willcantship'ssternto.

A.starboardB.port

C.tomoveaheadD.moveastern

O15.Thetransversethrustofthepropellerisstrongerwhentheshipis.

A.goingastem

B.goingahead

C.stopped

D.makingnowaythroughthewater

016.Thetransversethrustofthepropellercanmainlybeovercomeby.

A.therudderB.thepropelleritself

C.thenauticalinstrumentD.windandtide

Passage05

TheChiefOfficer,orFirstMateasheisoftencalled,istheMaster'schiefofficerandheadoftheDeckDepartment.He

isassistedbyaSecondOfficer(Mate),aThirdOfficer(Mate),andsometimesaFourthOfficer(Mate).Severalcompanies

employaFirstOfficeraswellasaChiefOfficer.TheDeckDepartmentalsoincludesaBoatswain(Bosun)anda

Carpenter,bothpettyofficers,andanumberofratings.ThesemadeupofAbleSeamen(AB),OrdinarySeamen(OS)

andamiddlegradeknownasEfficientDeckHands(EDH).Thereareothergradesofseamen.OnsomeshipsNavigating

Cadetsarecarriedfortrainingpurposes.

TheChiefEngineerisheadoftheEngineDepartment.HeisassistedbyaSecond,Third,FourthandsometimesFifth

Engineer.AnElectricalOfficermayalsobecarried.TheengineroompettyofficersaretheStorekeeperandDonkeyman.

OntankersthereisalsoaPumpman.Heisalsoapettyofficer.TheengineroomratingsareFiremenandGreasers.There

mayalsobeEngineerCadets.

TheCateringDepartmentisundertheChiefSteward.Itisdividedintoasaloonandgalleysection.Theformerisheaded

bytheSecondSteward,thelatterbytheShip'sCook.Theyarebothusuallypettyofficers.Theyareassistedbyseveral

stewardsandcooks,andbyanumberofjuniorratings.

TheRadioDepartmentoftenconsistsofonlyoneman:theRadioOfficer.Onshipswherecontinuousradiowatchesare

kepttheremaybethreeradioofficers:aChief,SecondandThird.

017.isnotapettyofficer.

A.BoatswainB.SecondSteward

C.RadioOfficer.D.Storekeeper

018.EDHisrankwhichishigherthan.

A.SecondStewardB.AB

C.OSD.ChiefEngineer

019.Storekeeperbelongto.

A.DeckDeptB.EngineDept

C.CateringDeptD.RadioDept

O2O.Therearedepartmentsonbardabigshipaccordingtothepassage.

A.twoB.three

C.fourD.five

Passage06

WhileeveryeffortismadetoensurethatthedataprovidedthroughtheNoticestoMarinersserviceisaccurate,theuser

needstobeawareoftheriskstocorruptionofdata.Itisimportantthattheusershouldonlyusethedataonsuitable

equipmentandthat,otherapplicationsshouldnotberunningontheuser'smachineatthesametime.Usersshould

exercisetheirprofessionaljudgementintheuseofdata,andalsoconsulttheMarinersHandbook(NP100)forfurther

details.Theuserneedstobeawarethatthereisapossibilitythatdatacouldbecorruptedduringtransmission,orinthe

processofdisplayorprintingontheuser'sequipment,orifconvertedtoothersoftwareformats,andisaccordingly

advisedthattheUKHOcannotacceptresponsibilityforanysuchchange,oranymodificationsorunauthorisedchanges,

madebylicensees，orotherparties.

021.Thedatamaybecomecorruptedinanyofthefollowingprocessexcept.

A.duringtransmission

B.inthedisplayorprintingontheuser'sequipment

C.inconvertingtoothersoftwareformats

D.inairmaildeliverytothereaders

O22.Theuseofthedataisadvisedtoconsultforfurtherdetails.

A.MarinersHandbookB.SailingDirections

C.GuidetoPortEntryD.NoticestoMariners

023.OfthefollowingitemsisnotmentionedforwhichUKHOwillacceptnoresponsibility.

A.changeintheprocessofdisplayorprinting

B.unauthorisedchangesmadebylicenseesorotherparties

C.modificationsmadebylicenseesorotherparties

D.professionalamendments

024.ltisimpliedthat.

A.thedataareincorrect

B.thedataaretobecorrectedintensively

C.althoughthedataareaccurateenough,youarestilladvisedtouseitwithcaution

D.nottouseitifyouhavenotenoughtimeorproperequipmenttoeffectnecessarycorrection

Passage07

Thecontainershipisdifferentfromtheconventionaltypeandisaninnovationnotedforeasierhandlingandquicker

turnoverofcargoes.Cargoestobecarriedbythistypeofshiparepre-packedintocontainersbeforebeingloadedaboard

theship.

Containersaresealedafterbeingpackedwithcargoes.Madeofmetalorotherdurablematerials,theyarewatertightafter

sealingandcanthereforebestowedondeckwhilstbeingcarried.Oneofthefeaturesofcontainershipsisthatsomeof

thecontainersareusuallystowedondeck.

Thecontainershipisbecomingincreasinglypopularintradingcircles,andthetrendisthatthetonnagethereofwillgrow

atafasterpaceinfuture.

025.Whatdoes"innovation"inthefirstparagraphmean?.

A.makingchanges

B.theintroductionofanantigenicsubstanceintothebodyagainstaspecificdisease

C.Theactofintroducingsomethingnew.

D.revolution

026.Containersaresealedafterbeingpackedwithcargoes.

A.filled

B.loaded

C.stuffed

D.closedofficiallyorunderthesupervisionofnotarypublic

O27.0fthefollowing,isnotthefeatureofthecontainership?

A.Someofthecontainersareusuallystowedondeck.

B.Itiseasyforhandlingandquickturnoverofthecargo

C.Thecontainershipisbecomingincreasinglysafer

D.Cargoesarepre-packedintothecontainer

O28.Thetonnageofcontainershipis.

A.decreasingB.increasing

C.remainingthesameD.changing

Passage08

Nauticalchartsareindispensabletomariners.They,however,aresubjecttofrequentchanges,suchasthoseof

navigationalaids,ofwaterwaysduetothedredgingandconstruction,ofdepthsofwater,andofremovalorappearance

ofwrecks.Inordertokeepup-to-dateandreliable,nauticalchartshavetoundergocorrection.Changesofimportance

aregenerallypromulgatedbyweeklyeditionofNoticestoMariners,whichenablemarinerstocorrectthechartsbyhand.

Ifmajorchangesmakeitimpracticabletodoso,theNoticeswillprovideareproductionofasmallarea,whichisalso

calledblock,tobepastedontothechartinitscorrectposition.

O29.Nauticalchartsneedcorrectionbecause.

A.navigationalaidsaresometimesindispensable.

B.therearealwayssomemistakes

C.wrecksmayappearorberemoved

D.theycouldneverbereprinted

030.Correctiontochartsaremadebycrewmembersinaccordancewith.

A.NoticestoMarinersB.SailingDirections

C.GuidetoPortEntryD.Supplement

03l.Inthepassage,Blocksare.

A.largescalecharts

B.representationsofcharts

C.reproductionsofportionsofcharts

D.smallscalecharts

O32.Thepurposeofcorrectiontochartsisto.

A.keepthemup-to-date

B.makethechartsbrand-new

C.keepthechartsavailabletoallmarinersintheworld

D.keepthechartsfreefrommistakes

Passage09

CorrectionstoSailingDirectionsaregiveninSectionIV.ThoseinforceattheendoftheyeararereprintedintheAnnual

SummaryofNoticestoMariners.AlistofcorrectionsinforceispublishedinSectionIVoftheWeeklyEditionforthe

lastweekofeachmonth.

Itisrecommendedthatcorrectionsbekeptinafilewiththelatestlistofcorrectionsinforceontop.Thelistshouldbe

consultedwhenusingtheparentbooktoseeifanycorrectionsaffectingtheareaunderconsiderationareinforce.

Itisnotrecommendedthatcorrectionsbestuckintheparentbookorcurrentsupplement,but,ifthisisdone,whenanew

supplementisreceivedcaremustbetakentoretainthosecorrectionsissuedafterthedateofthenewsupplement,which

maybeseveralmonthsbeforeitsreceiptonboard.

033.arereprintedintheAnnualSummaryofNoticestoMariners.

A.TheSailingDirections

B.ThecorrectionstoSailingDirections

C.TheeffectivecorrectionstoNoticestoMariners

D.TheWeeklyEdition

O34.Theparentbookis.

A.TheSailingDirection

B.ThecorrectionstoSailingDirectionsinforce

C.theAnnualSummaryofNoticestoMariners

D.theWeeklyEdition

O35.ltisrecommendedthatcorrectionstotheSailingDirectionsbe.

A.madebyhand

B.consultedatthelastweekofeachmonth

C.stuckintheparentbookorcurrentsupplement

D.keptinafilewiththelatestlistofcorrectionsinforceontop

O36.Ifthecorrectionsbestuckintheparentbookorcurrentsupplement,.

A.whenanewsupplementisreceived,thosecorrectionsissuedafterthedateofthenewsupplementmustbe

retained

B.theparentbookmustbeconsulted

C.thecurrentsupplementmustbeconsulted

D.theAnnualSummaryofNoticestoMarinersmustbeused

Passage10

Theamountofdetailshownonachartvarieswiththescaleofthechart.Onalargescalechart,forexample,fulldetails

ofalllightsandfogsignalsareshown,butonsmallerscalestheorderofreductionofinformationinelevation,period,

range,untilonanoceanchartoftheareaonlylightswitharangeof15milesormorewillnormallybeinserted,andthen

onlytheirlight-starandmagentaflare.Ontheotherhand,radiobeaconsareomittedfromlargescalechartswheretheir

usewouldbeinappropriate,and,unlesstheyarelongrangebeacons,fromoceancharts.

037.Oceanchartsareones.

A.largescaleB.smallscale

C.inappropriateD.omitted

O38.Whatcannotbefoundinthelargescalecharts?.

A.RadiobeaconsofsmallrangeB.Fulldetailsofalllights.

C.ElevationsD.Fulldetailsoffogsignals

O39.Thelight-starandmagentaflareareshownon.

A.largescalechartsonly

B.smallscalechartsonly

C.bothsmallandlargescalecharts

D.neithersmallnorlargescalecharts

O4O.Thetitleofthispassageshouldbe.

A.LightsandBeaconsonCharts

B.CharacteristicofLightsandBeacons

C.CorrectionstoSmallandLargeScalecharts

D.NavigationalChartsPublication

Passage11

DALIANOBSYGALEWARNING190600Z

COLDFRONTWILLPASSBOHAISEABOHAISTRAITSNORTHANDCENTRALHUANGHAISEACAUSING

GALEWINDSTOMORROWAFTERNOONANDEVENINGSTOP.

SYNOPTICSITUATION190600Z

LOW994HPAAT48N118EMOVINGSE8KTSWITHCOLDFRONTFROMCENTERPASSISNG44N128E

HIGH1013HPAAT38N124ESTATIONARYSTOP

24HOURSWEATHERFORECASTFROM191000Z

BOHAISEABOHAISTRAITSNORTHANDCENTRALHUANGHAISEAPARLYCLOUDYBECOMING

OVERCASTTOMORROWWITHRAINSWWINDSFORCE7TO8TOMORROWATERNOONANDEVENING

SEAROUGHBECOMINGVERYROUGHSTOP.

041.TheCOLDFRONTwillpassBohaiSea,BohaiStraits,NorthandcentralHuanghaiSeaon

A.The20thB.The19th

C.The18thD.The6th

042.isstationaryat38N124E.

A.Low994HpaB.High1013Hpa

C.ColdfrontD.Warmfront

043.Thewindsareexpectedtomorrowtobe?

A.roughB.veryrough

C.SE8knotsD.SW7-8inforce

044.Whatistheweatherliketomorrowinthisarea?.

A.ItwillbepartlycloudybecomingovercastwithrainandSWforce7-8winds

B.LOW994HPAat48N118EismovingSE8KTSwithCOLDFRONTfromcenterpassing44N128E

C.HIGH1013HPAat38N124Ewillbestationary

D.Itwillrainthewholeday

Passage12

Insomepartsofachartwherethespacesareratherblankandtherearenosymbolsofanykind,theremaybeCautions,

Warnings,Notes,etc.,whichshouldbetakenintoaccountwhileusingachart.AllofthoseCautionaryNotesgivethe

marinerfacilitiestoensuresafenavigation,suchastoavoidrunningagroundinshallowwatersandmakingdamagesto

nearbyfishinggears,andtokeepoffanyhazardsinareaswheresubmarinefrequentlyexercises.Furthermore,theyare

ofgoodhelptomariners,astothereliabilityofthenavigationalaidsespeciallyincongestedwatersornarrowchannels,

topreventanypossibleaccidents.

045.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?.

A.Regulationsoftheharbor

B.DetailsintheSailingDirections

C.Rulesoftheterminal

D.DescriptiononAdmiraltyCharts

046.Accordingtothepassage,youmustpayattentiontowhileusingachart.

A.Cautions,WarningsandNotes

B.Reports,SymbolsandCharts

C.Explanations,accountsandanswers

D.Damages,hazardsandinjuries

047.CautionaryNotesarehelpfulformariners.

A.torunagroundinshallowwaters

B.tomakedamagestonearbyfishinggears

C.tokeepoffhazardsinareaswheresubmarineexercises

D.tokeepthereliabilityoftheaidstonavigationincongestedwatersornarrowchannels

048.Cautions,Warnings,Notes,etc.arelikelyinsertedinsomepartsofachartwhere.

A.submarinefrequentlyexercises

B.therearefishinggears

C.thewatersiscongestedandthechannelsarenarrow

D.thespacesareratherblankandtherearenosymbolsofanykind

Passage13

Logbooksrequiredbylaw,tobefilledoutbymastersorofficersondutyofeveryship,theformsofwhichmustbe

provedbytheshippingcompaniesormarineauthorities.

Logbooksareusedtorecordtheeventsoccurringduringtheship*sstayinaharbor,atanchorage,orunderway,andthey

arealsorequestedtoproduceevidencesincaseofficialsinquireaboutaccidents.

Oncompletionofthevoyagethelogbookmustbesubmittedtothesuperintendentoftheownerorthemarineauthorities

forjustification,checkingorapproval.Therefore,everythingrecordedinthelogbookmustbetrueandaccurate.

Whenamisentryhasbeenmadeinthelog,aredlinewouldbedrawnonthoseparts.Thecorrectentrywithsignature

shouldbemadenearorabovethem.Noerasuresorcutsaretobeallowed.

O49.Thebesttitleforthepassageis*'"

A.TheformsoflogbooksB.Theuseoflogbooks

C.CharacteristicsoflogbooksD.Howtochecklogbooks

O5O.Whenamisentryhasbeenmadeinthelog,.

A.erasuresorcutsaretobeallowed.

B.itistobecorrectedoutbymastersorofficersondutyofeveryship

C.itistobeproducedincaseofficialsinquireaboutaccidents.

D.aredlinewouldbedrawnonthoseparts,withcorrectentrywithsignaturebeingmadenearorabovethem.

05l.Theformsoflogbooksmustbeprovedby.

A.officialswhoinquireaboutaccidents.

B.theshippingcompaniesormarineauthorities.

C.mastersorofficersonduty.

D.thesuperintendentoftheowner.

O52.Thelogbookmustbesubmittedtothesuperintendentoftheownerorthemarineauthoritiesfor

justification,checkingorapproval.

A.oncompletionofthevoyageB.inaharbor

C.atanchorageD.underway

Passage14

Fornavigation,radarisofincrediblevalue.Itprovidesthenavigatorwithhisposition,hisdistancefromshipsor

obstructionsnearbyandotheraccurateinformationtopreventcollisionandensurethesafetyoftheship.Radarcan

displayallobjectswithinitsworkingrangeclearly,eitherinclearweatherorinthickfog.Inaddition,iftheradar

informationiscorrectlyinterpreted,thenavigatorcaneasilyworkoutthespeedanddirectionofanapproachingobject

andtakepropermeasurestokeephisshipfromanydanger.

Shore-basedradaralsoplaysanimportantroleinshipping.Ifship'sradarisintrouble,theradarobserveratthestations

willuseVHFradiotoalertthemtoothertrafficinthevicinityaswellastoadvisetheirposition.Uptonow,manyradar

surveillancesystemshavebeeninstalledinmostlargeseaports.Theyareintendedtosmoothandcontroltheflowof

traffictoandfromtheharbor.

053.Fornavigation,theradaris.

A.ofnovalue

B.veryimportant

C.soexpensivethatpeopledon'tknowhowmuchitis

D.valueless

054.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutradar'sfunctionformarinepurposesisincorrect?.

A.Itprovidesthenavigatortheship'sposition

B.Itprovidesinformationtoprotectshipsfromcollision

C.Itdisplaysalltheobjectsatseaclearly

D.Itdisplaystheobserver'sdistancefromshipsandobstructionsnearby

055.Iftheship'sradarisintrouble,theshore-basedradar.

A.mayprovidetheshipofherposition

B.shouldbeinstalledwithsurveillancesystems

C.shalladvisetheshiptouseVHF

D.willbeputintouseimmediately

056.Radarsurveillancesystems.

A.mayprovideallshipsoftheirtechnicalconditions

B.shouldbeinstalledwithVHF

C.shallbecorrectlyinterpreted,

D.areintendedtosmoothandcontroltheflowoftraffictoandfromtheharbor.

Passage15

Communicationsoverrelativelyshortdistancescanbemadebyvisualorsoundsignals.Visualsignalscanbesentby

usingflagsoranAldislamp.AnAldislampisanelectriclampusedforflashingmessagesinMorsecode.Thetraditional

methodofsignalingfromoneshiptoanotherisbyusingflags.Therearedifferentcoloredflagsforeachletterofthe

alphabet.Therearealsopennant-shapedflagsfornumbers,andalongpennant,knownasanansweringorcodepennant.

Threeotherflags,whichareburgee-shaped,areknownassubstitutes.Theseshowthattheflatorpennantisbeing

repeated.Besidesstandingforaletterofthealphabet,eachflag,whenhoistedalong,hasanothermeaning.Forexample,

the"W"flagalsomeans:"Irequiremedicalassistance0.Flagscanalsobehoistedincombinationsoftwo,threeorfour.

Siren,whistle,bellorothersoundsignalscanbeusedinfogandsimilarcircumstanceswhenvisualsignalscannotbe

seen.

057.Communicationsoverrelativelyshortdistancesmaybemadeby.

A.visualsignals

B.soundsignals

C.MorseCode

D.Eithervisualorsoundsignals

O58.AnAldislampisusedfor.

A.transmittingMorsecodeB.flashingflags

C.sendingflagsignalsD.sendingsoundsignals

O59.Burgee-shapedflagsareusedassubstitutestoshow.

A."repeating"

B.''answering"

C."code"pennant

D."Irequiringmedicalassistance"

060.areusedinfogandsimilarcircumstanceswhenvisualsignalscannotbeseen.

A.Visualsignals

B.Substitutes

C.Pennant-shapedflags

D.Theship'ssiren,whistleorbell

Passage16

Whenthesendersofgoodshavelargeshipmenttomake,andespeciallywhenbulkcargoisconcerned,itisadvisable

thattheyhavesomeshipsattheirdisposal.Someofthebigcompaniessetupafleetoftheirown,buttherestmayfindit

moreprofitabletohireinsteadofbuildingorbuyingships.Thisiscalled"chartering”.Thecharteringoftheshipis

usuallydonethroughtheintermediaryofbrokers,who,whenhired,willgothro