2012高考非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講練大全

金諾學(xué)校張老師講義PAGEPAGE17分詞與高考一、分詞(過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞)在句子中的功能(4大功能)1作定語(yǔ)“單個(gè)在前，多個(gè)在后”（95%）；表被動(dòng)和完成用過(guò)分；表主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)分(作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)注意可以改寫(xiě)成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句)boiling/boiledwaterdeveloping/developedcountryfalling/fallenleavesTenstudentswilldelivertheirspeechonthegiventopic“ManandNature”.Thefundaddedbythegovernmentwillbeusedtorebuildthehouses.Therewasaterriblenoisefollowingthesuddenburstoflight.(1)I’mcallingtoinquireabouttheposition____inyesterday’sChinaDaily.（2010北京）A.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertised(2)Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime____.A.allowingB.toallowC.allowedD.allows(3)Ihavealotofreadings____beforetheendofthisterm.(2010山東)A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted(4）Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.(04上海）A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt(5)ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;Therearemanypictures____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.(04廣西）A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed2作表語(yǔ)往往看做adj.表狀態(tài).過(guò)分：“感到…”現(xiàn)分：“令人…”Wefeltdisappointedathisresponse.Thenewstheygotisverydisappointing.Ving:表示人或物本身具有的特點(diǎn)、特性、特征V-過(guò)分：表示人或物所處的狀態(tài)特殊注意：adeterminedman,asurprisedlook,aterrifiedvoice….(1)Onhearingthe____newsthathersonwasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity,shewas___totears.A.exciting;excitedB.excited;excitingC.exciting;excitingD.excited,excited(2)Atthefirstsightofthesnake,thegirlletouta_____cry.A.frightenedB.frighteningC.tobefrightenedD.beingfrightening(3)InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained_____abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.(2010福建）A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck3作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有前才有后有前面的特殊動(dòng)詞才有后面的賓補(bǔ)（1）表感覺(jué)或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后；see,watch,hear,observe,notice,feel,find”一聽(tīng)兩看；注意觀察；兩F”MyfamilyheardmyarticlebroadcastbytheBBC.Weobservedthegirlenteringthehallwithoutanythinginherhand.(1)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound___inthekitchen.(03高考)A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked(2)Whenheawoke,hefoundhimself______byanoldwoman.A.lookedafterB.belookedafterC.beinglookedafterD.belookingafter（2）在表“致使,保持”等動(dòng)詞后make,get,have,keep,leave,driveTheyleftthedoorunlocked.Willyoupleasemakeyourselfknowntous?(1)JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish____inashortperiod.A.improvedB.improvingC.toimproveD.improve(2)Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues____withherstories.A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused（3）表希望、命令等動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)后like,want,wish,order（low-w）Theteacherdoesn’twantsuchquestions(tobe)discussedinclass.Thestudentswishthefilmcontinued.(1)Thefatherwantedhisdaughter______byAnna.A.teachingB.toteachC.tohavebeentaughtD.taught（4）位于with,without等介詞后（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）Doyouknowthegirlwithherhairtiedback?(1)Inthereadingroom,wefoundher____atadesk,withherattention____onabook.A.sitting;fixingB.tosit;fixedC.seating;fixingD.seated;fixed4作狀語(yǔ)在句中作時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果,讓步、伴隨或方式等狀語(yǔ)。“現(xiàn)分表主動(dòng)，過(guò)分表被動(dòng)”（分詞作狀語(yǔ)，該分詞短語(yǔ)往往可以改寫(xiě)成一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句）相當(dāng)于assoonas,when/while,because/as,if,though/although,once引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedupwithjoy.=Assoonasheheardthegoodnews,he…Drivenbyagreaterdemandforvegetables,farmershavebuildmoregreenhouses.Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(If)Givenmoreattention,theproblemcouldbesolved.=Ifitwasgivenmoreattention,theproblemcouldbesolved.Although/Thoughgettingupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.=Although/Thoughhegot..Theysatthereonthestone,talkingwitheachother.（伴隨）=Theysatthereonthestoneandtalkedwitheachother.作伴隨狀語(yǔ)(方式狀語(yǔ)),表示同謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)并列動(dòng)作。Themotherdied,leavingfivechildrenbehind.(結(jié)果)Theyfiredattheenemy,killingtwo.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作同謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。(1)____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingD.ComparingD.WhencomparedFindinghercarstolen______.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp_____theinterview,themangerwenttohisoffice,_____bytheinterviewer.A.Havingfinished,followedB.Finished,followedC.Finishing,followingD.Beingfinished,beingfollowing二、分詞的形式一般式進(jìn)行式完成式現(xiàn)在分詞（主動(dòng)）doingdoinghavingdone過(guò)去分詞（被動(dòng)）donebeingdonehavingbeendone一般式：實(shí)現(xiàn)句子結(jié)構(gòu)功能。進(jìn)行式：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行完成式：（1）必須強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前完成（2）或/和因果關(guān)系不定式：（1）表動(dòng)作還沒(méi)有發(fā)生（2）在句中充當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)）否定式：在非謂語(yǔ)前加notHavingdonehishomework,theboywentouttoplay.Havingseenthefilmmanytimes,hedidn’tgotoseeitlastnight.Notknowingwhattodonext,hewenttohisteacherforadvice.=Because/Ashedidn’tknowwhatto..,hewentto….Oncetasted,thedishishardtoforget.Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．他們站在路邊談?wù)撝@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(伴隨)區(qū)別：Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan．他們站在路邊為的是談?wù)撨@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(目的)Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf．這男孩個(gè)子不夠高，手伸不到書(shū)架。(形容詞后接結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)Wearegladtohearthenews．我們很高興聽(tīng)到這消息。(形容詞后接原因狀語(yǔ)從句)三、be+過(guò)去分詞（該過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為adj.）——去BE,留過(guò)分“座位專迷穿面決”以及類似該結(jié)構(gòu)的其它短語(yǔ)（還有很多，復(fù)習(xí)中注意牢記）：beseated,besituated,beabsorbedin,belost,bedressed(in),befacedwith,bedeterminedtodoTheyfellasleepatonce,exhausted.Theywenthomehappy/happily.（體會(huì)區(qū)別）形容詞與句子搭配使用，只能做伴隨狀語(yǔ)（仔細(xì)體會(huì)和把握）；但是分詞短語(yǔ)確可以充當(dāng)多種狀語(yǔ)。DeterminedtofinishtheprojectbeforeJune,wehavetowork12hoursperday.Dressedwithsuchbeautifulclothes,shewenttothepartyconfidently.Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.目標(biāo)訓(xùn)練：_____theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NotHavingcompletedD.Nottobecompleted_____withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.A.FacedB.FacingC.TofaceD.FaceDina,_____formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.(2010湖南）A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.tostruggleMikefoundhismissingcarinthestreetoutsidehishouse,_____newlycleanedandpolished.(2011上海春）A.lookedB.tolookC.lookingD.tobelooking_____theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.(2009天津）A.CompletingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete______inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.(2008福建）A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited四、習(xí)慣用法：generally/frankly/+speaking一般/坦白說(shuō)judgingfrom從….判斷talkingof…談到allowingfor..考慮到…,扣除….consideringthat…考慮到….,就….而論seeingthat…鑒于….（的緣故）supposingthat…假定Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.Allowingforpricerises,thecostofdailyliferemainsthesamelevelasthatoflastyear.五、解題方法——掌握7個(gè)解題思路：1、分析句子特點(diǎn)和成分：確定考點(diǎn)——是分詞還是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞——如果是分詞做什么成分？定、表、賓補(bǔ)、狀;核心思考點(diǎn)：（1）一個(gè)句子只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞——并列句除外；（2）兩個(gè)單句之間不能用逗號(hào)連接。2、主、被動(dòng)關(guān)系(找出動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)/邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系)3、是“be+過(guò)分”結(jié)構(gòu)嗎？4、目的狀語(yǔ)（todo）——不定式（結(jié)果、原因狀語(yǔ)只在adj.存在的句子中）5.習(xí)慣用法：6、連系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)95%(21個(gè)半系動(dòng)詞——（1）5個(gè)起來(lái)證明不了兩個(gè)似乎look,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,appear,seem（2）兩繼續(xù)兩保持兩狀況remain,continue,keep,stay,stand,fall（3）become-turn-3“g”,become,turn,go,grow,get(4)cometrue,runshortof但注意：getpaid/burnt/prepaired/hurt7、獨(dú)立主格和Therebeing…..;Itbeing…..非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2011高考點(diǎn)擊：1．Thenextthinghesawwassmokefrombehindthehouse．(2011全國(guó))A．roseB．risingC．toriseD．risen2.Theisland,____tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.(2011全國(guó))A.JoiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined3.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,______nothingabouttheargument.(2011全國(guó))A.saysB:saidC.tosayD.saying4.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasierintosmallpieces.(2011安徽)A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak5.Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,onyoufeet.(2011北京(33))A.tokeepB.keepingC.havingkeptD.tohavekept6.TsinghuaUniversity,in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.(2011福建(23))A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded7．Theability_______anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南(21))A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed8．Theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.(2011湖南(23))A.selectingB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselected9.Doyouwakeupeverymorning______energeticandreadytostartanewday?A.fellB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt10.Recentlyasurvey_______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.(2011江蘇)A．comparedB．comparingC．comparesD．beingcompared11．a(chǎn)roundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.(2011遼寧)A.GatherB.TogatherC.GatheringD.Tobegathering12．Therarefish,______fromthecookingpot,hasbeenreturnedtothesea.(2011上海(32))A.saved B.saving C.tobesaved D.havingsaved13．AtonepointImadeupmymindtotalktoUncleSam.ThenIchangedmymind,______thathecoulddonothingtohelp.(2011上海(33))A.torealize B.realize C.realizingD.beingrealized14．Simonmadeabigbambooboxthelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.(2011四川)A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep15．a(chǎn)nimportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.(2011四川16)A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer16．______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.(2011天津)A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated17．MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself________ofhisowndreams.(2011重慶33)A.remindingB.toremindC.remindedD.remind18.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmentofficials,willbeproduced_____people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.(2011重慶29)A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised19．Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some______alifespanofaround20years.(2011浙江3)A.havingB.hadC.haveD.tohave20.Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves____forwords.(2011浙江)A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost21.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity_____bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.(2011浙江19)A.beingcheeredB.becheeredC.tobecheeredD.werecheered.22．Mikefoundhismissingcarinthestreetoutsidehishouse,____newlycleanedandpolished.A.lookedB.tolookC.lookingC.tobelooking23．Lookoverthere——there’saverylong,windingpath_____uptothehouse.(2011山東27)A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead24．Clairhadherluggage______anhourbeforeherplaneleft.(2011陜西)A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.checked25.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,______itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade26.Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswife______shehadacall,Mr.Gordenimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.(2011江西32)A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但它畢竟是動(dòng)詞，所以有動(dòng)詞的屬性，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，雖然動(dòng)詞不定式在語(yǔ)法上沒(méi)有表面上的直接主語(yǔ)，但它表達(dá)的意義是動(dòng)作，這一動(dòng)作一定由使動(dòng)者發(fā)出。這一使動(dòng)者我們稱之為邏輯主語(yǔ)。一、動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式/體todotobedone完成式/體tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式/體tobedoing———————完成進(jìn)行式/體tohavebeendoing———————（一）“時(shí)態(tài)”：1、一般體：一般體表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。Heseemstoknowthis.Ihopetoseeyouagain.=IhopethatI'llseeyouagain.我希望再見(jiàn)到你。2、完成體：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。I'msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.3、進(jìn)行時(shí)體：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Heseemstobeeatingsomething.Sheseemedtobeworryingaboutsomething.4、完成進(jìn)行體：Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.Heissaidtohavebeenpraised.（二）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1、It'sagreathonourtobeinvitedtoMary'sbirthdayparty.（不定式作主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)tobeinvited是被邀請(qǐng)）Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.（不定式作主語(yǔ)）Iwishtobesenttoworkinthecountry.（不定式作賓語(yǔ)）Canyoutellmewhichisthecartoberepaired?（不定式作定語(yǔ)）Hewenttothehospitaltobeexamined.（不定式作狀語(yǔ)）ThebridgeconnectingShanghaiwithJiangsuisreportedtohavebeenbuilt.2、注意：在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)。如：Therearestillmanythingstotakecareof(tobetakencareof).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：Theseisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodonow.)Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)二、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定：notto…..（有時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)也用never）Hepromisesnevertomakesuchastupidmistake.Heturnedtheradiodowninordernot/soasnotowakethebaby.三、疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。如：1、WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.（主）2、Mr.Smithdidn'tknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere.（賓）3、IaskedProfessorXuhowtolearnEnglishwell.（直賓）4、Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.（表語(yǔ)）以上例句中疑問(wèn)詞+不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。如：①Whenweshallleave…③…h(huán)owIcouldlearn…經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動(dòng)詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,hear,know,learn,observe,understand,wonder等。目標(biāo)訓(xùn)練：1.Aidsissaid____thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.A.thatitisB.tobeC.thatishasbeenD.tohavebeen2.Mr.Smithwarnedhisdaughter_____afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive3.Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersinsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymind______tobuy.A.whatB.whichC.howD.where4.Willyoubeabletoattendthelecture_____nextweek?A.givingB.givenC.tobegivenD.beinggiven四、動(dòng)詞不定式用法詳解（一）作主語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：1、把不定式置于句首。如：Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.Toseeistobelieve./Seeingisbelieving.2、用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：①It+be+名詞+todo：It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.②It+be+形容詞+ofsb+todo：Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverything(that)theteachersays.③It+be+形容詞+forsb+todo：Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.④Ittakessb+sometime+todo：Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?⑤Itseems(appears)+形容詞+todo：Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。在句型③中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等；在句型②中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語(yǔ)。這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于Sbis+形容詞+todo句式，如：It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.注意：（1）其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于以上句型（2）不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。（3）當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用Itis…to…的句型(對(duì))Toseeistobelieve.百聞不如一見(jiàn)。(錯(cuò))Itistobelievetosee.目標(biāo)訓(xùn)練：1.Itissillyofme____alleggsinonebasked.ThatwastheworstmistakeI’veevermade.A.toputB.tohaveputC.puttingD.havingput（二）作賓語(yǔ)1、以下動(dòng)詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。determine/decide（決心），learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care（想要）,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help.以及：afford（付得起），aim(力求做到)，appear（顯得），arrange（安排），attempt（試圖），claim（聲稱），condescend（屈尊），consent（準(zhǔn)許），，demand（要求），endeavor（竭力），fail（未履行），help（幫助），hesitate（猶豫），manage（設(shè)法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主動(dòng)提出），plan（計(jì)劃），prepare（準(zhǔn)備），pretend（假裝），proceed（接著做），prove（證明），refuse（拒絕），resolve（解決），seem（覺(jué)得好像），swear（發(fā)誓），tend（往往會(huì)），threaten（預(yù)示），undertake（承諾），volunteer（自愿做），vow（發(fā)誓）Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司機(jī)沒(méi)能及時(shí)看見(jiàn)另一輛車。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道問(wèn)題的答案。2、動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式：decide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tellPleaseshowushowtodothat.請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ?。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.3、當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，即：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+it+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)+todo句式。如：Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.目標(biāo)訓(xùn)練：1.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____,butI’mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard2.Davidthreatened____hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported3.Thechairmanthought____necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A.thatB.itC.thisD.him（三）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(被動(dòng)句中為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))：特殊動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（以下有各種形式）1.todo:在peldeclareencourageforbidforcefindhireinduceinstructinvitelikeorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireselectsendsupposetelltrainurge等后Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Webelievehimtobeguilty.2.使役、感官動(dòng)詞后省to不定式作賓補(bǔ)（主動(dòng)省略to,被動(dòng)不?。海ㄎ峥慈覂蓮d一感覺(jué)）：五（吾）看：see,watch,lookat，notice,observe三使（室）：let,have,make二聽(tīng)（廳）：hear,listento一感覺(jué)feel特殊：helpsb.(to)do后可帶可不帶。特殊：在使役動(dòng)詞中g(shù)et除外(getsb.todosth.)注意：在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就成為了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Ioftenseehimplayfootball.Lookattheboyrun.(看，那個(gè)男孩跑了)Ourteachermademedoalotofexercises.Iwasmadetodoalotofexercises.(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))Ifeltsomethingmovetowardsme.WeheardhersinginthenextroomWhatwouldyouhavemedo?你要我做什么？Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.他想干什么就讓他干吧。3.to+be:在acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(聲稱),discover,fancy(設(shè)想),feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解),show,suppose,take(以為),understand等動(dòng)詞后WeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.4.tobe+形容詞：seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,beknown,bereported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,mean…Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.Thisissupposedtobeaclassyevent(上流派對(duì)).Notasamplesaleatanoutletmall.批發(fā)商場(chǎng)Thesesocialsupportsmayhelpexplainwhymanywomenseemtobebetterabletodealwithstressthenmenare.5.there+tobe:believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,understandWedidn'texpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.我們沒(méi)料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。但是有些動(dòng)詞需用as短語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，如regard,thinkbelieve,take,consider.WeregardTomasourbestteacher.。Marytookhimasherfather.6.find的特殊用法：Find后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語(yǔ)，再加形容詞，最后加帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句,但是不能直接接sb.do/todo。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。Ifoundhimlyingontheground.Wefoundthemanknockeddownbyacarpassingby.Ifounditimportanttolearn.WefoundthattolearnEnglishisimportant.Ifindhimdo/todosomehomework.(X)目標(biāo)訓(xùn)練（考題一般沒(méi)有以上講解內(nèi)容難）：1.Myadvisorencouraged_____asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake2.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered___thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented3.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwayswokshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning4.——Excuseme,sire,whereisRoom301?——Justaminute.I’llhaveBob_____youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing5.（比較）Thenextmorningshefoundtheman___inbed，dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying（四）作表語(yǔ)：不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般行為。①Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.②Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.③WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式時(shí)，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果（例①）。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例②）時(shí)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例③），不定式說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。④Ourworkisservingthepeople.⑤Whathelikesistakingawalkaftersupper.⑥ThestorytoldbyMr.Wangisinteresting.④⑤句動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Servingthepeopleisourwork,而⑥句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)還應(yīng)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。目標(biāo)訓(xùn)練：1.Myjobwastowashbottles,whichwouldthenbefilledwithwine,or_____thefilledbottlesinboxes.A.toputB.puttingC.havingputD.beingput（五）作狀語(yǔ)1、目的狀語(yǔ):to,onlyto(僅僅為了),inorderto,soasto,so(such)…asto…(如此……以便……)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.2、作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.MygrandmalivedtoseetheliberationofChina.3、某些形容詞后表原因：I'mgladtoseeyou.Iamsosorrytohearyourmotherisill.4、在帶有enough或too的句子中，做狀語(yǔ)，表程度。Hewastooexcitednottosayafewwords.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.在一些特殊形容詞的后面，做狀語(yǔ)修飾該形容詞：如easy,hard,difficult,good,bad,soft,comfortable,light,heavy等。Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto___.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton目標(biāo)訓(xùn)練：1.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident_____losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto2.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust______alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have3.______theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.A.completingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete4.Withfather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank____presentsformydad.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought5.Wewereastonished_____thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound6.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting____.A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered.(六)作定語(yǔ)1、不定式作定語(yǔ):不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：①ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashington.②Doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyoursister?③Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestion?④Wouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteon?⑤MywishtovisitFrancehascometrueatlast.不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系：(1)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作（例①）。(2)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需加介詞（例④）。(3)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，盡管有被動(dòng)含義，卻仍用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（例③）；如只有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（例②）。(4)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)從句，例①toarrive=thatwillarrive。2、如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面就要有必要的介詞。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.3、有些名詞常用不定式做定語(yǔ)(PDCwater)：patience,promise,plan,decision,chance;wish,attempt,ability,time,effort,right,等4、當(dāng)名詞被first,last,second以及only等詞修飾時(shí)，其后可用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，且該動(dòng)詞不定式常含過(guò)去的意義。Theywerethelastgueststoarrive.Iarrivedfirst.Thenext(one)tocomewasTom.5、介詞+which+todo：Thekeywithwhichtoopenthedoorhasbeenlost.Hetoldhismotherthatheneededtendollarswithwhichtobuyanewdictionary.目標(biāo)訓(xùn)練：1．Withoutfacts,apersoncan’tformacorrectopinion,forheneedstohaveactualknowledge_____histhinking.A.whichtobaseB.onwhichtobaseC.wheretobaseD.whichbebasedon2.Theability____anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南)A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed3.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine____theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathroom.A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce4.Hisfirstbook____nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished(七)其它考點(diǎn)：1．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后用do,但oughttodo除外:Theyoughttocometomorrow.2.表示個(gè)人意愿或傾向的wouldrather，hadbetter，might(just)aswell：ratherthan后面。Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabike.3.whynotdo…..：4.help可帶to，也可不帶to,helpsb(to)dosth：5.but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，否則要帶to。Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.6.由and,or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to可以省去：7.通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等詞后，可以省去tobe：Heissupposed(tobe)nice.他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。8.當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定式短語(yǔ)由連詞and，but或or連接時(shí)，后一個(gè)或幾個(gè)不定式符號(hào)to常省略。但若表示對(duì)比、對(duì)照關(guān)系時(shí)，則不能省略。HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.9、當(dāng)too前面有only,all,but時(shí)，意思是：非?！扔趘ery。I'monlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高興能幫助你。Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.他非常想回家。10、to有兩種用法：一為不定式+do；一為介詞+名詞/doing，to在下面的用法中是第二種：口訣：途中挨餓開(kāi)始習(xí)慣堅(jiān)持，注意上癮判刑，開(kāi)始導(dǎo)致盼望，承認(rèn)歸功貢獻(xiàn)Onone’swayto,starveto(death),getdownto,be/getused/accustomedto習(xí)慣于,stickto(bestuckto);Payattentionto,beaddictedto,sentenceto(death),turnto開(kāi)始，著手于,leadto,lookforwardto;admitto承認(rèn)，confessto承認(rèn)，owe…to,devoteoneselfto(bedevotedto)獻(xiàn)身于，致力于11、動(dòng)詞不定式的省略：在like/wouldlike,love/wouldlove,hope,hate,need,try,want,wish,plan,mean等動(dòng)詞后；usedto,begoingto,beglad,bewilling,behappy等后省略to內(nèi)容時(shí)，to要保留，——Wouldyouliketogotothecinema?——I’dloveto.——Youshouldhavethankedherbeforesheleft.——Imeantto,butIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.12、謂語(yǔ)為表示“愿望、打算、意圖”的動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，如hope,think,want,plan,expect,mean,intend等，其后可跟不定式的完成式表示“本來(lái)想要做某事，實(shí)際上未能完成”；或這些動(dòng)詞用完成時(shí)態(tài)，不定式用一般式，表達(dá)內(nèi)容一樣。Wemeanttohavestoppedhimfromdoingsuchathing.我們本來(lái)想阻止他做這件事。IhadhoppedtomeetJohnsonthismorning,butIfoundnobodyleftintheroomwhenIcameback..13、評(píng)論性動(dòng)詞不定式：tobehonest,totellthe(you)thetruth,toputitmildly(說(shuō)得委婉點(diǎn))，tomakethingsworse更糟糕的是，totakeallthingsintoconsideration從各方面考慮Tomakethingsworse,manyofthemenhavegoneofftocitiesinsearchofhigherpay,leavingwomenfromnearbyvillagestocarryonwiththework.14、不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（1）不定式與其最近的名詞（代詞）有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且與句中另一個(gè)名詞（代詞）有主謂關(guān)系：Wouldyoubringmeabenchtositon?用作定語(yǔ)的不定式為“動(dòng)詞+介詞”時(shí)，介詞不能省略：Adesktowriteonanicemantoworkwithaniceplacetoliveinapieceofpapertowriteon(2)某些形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)的不定式，要用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，difficult,easy,heavy,light,hard,interesting,comfortable,soft.Thisquestionisnoteasytoanswer.Itsfurissofttotouch.Thechairisverycomfortabletositon.(3)therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中主、被動(dòng)意義可相同或不同。Thereisalotofworktodo/bedone.Thereisnothingtofear/tobefeared.(4)tolet,toblame只用主動(dòng)Thehouseistolet.Youaretoblame.目標(biāo)測(cè)試：1.Iusuallygotherebytrain.Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.Sandycoulddonothingbut____tohistea