Unit+1+Back+to+school+Grammar+and+usage 高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版（2020）必修第一冊(cè)

Unit1BacktoschoolGrammarandusageApplyingtherulesMarkthedifferentelementsofeachsentencewithdifferentsymbols.Usetheexamplebelowtohelpyou.Applyingtherules1.You

willfind

(seniorhigh)school

differentfrom(juniorhigh)school.2.(Your)schoolwork

willbe

morechallenging.3.We

willgive

you

(more)independence.4.You

shouldlisten

[morecarefully].5.You

canjoin

aclub.6.(Your)teachers

willhelp

you

[in(many)ways].7.You

willsucceed!ApplyingtherulesBelowaresometipsaboutsettinggoals.Matchtheunderlinedsentenceswiththecorrectstructures.Writethelettersintheboxes.aSV

cSVOeSVOCgSVOAbSVP

dSVOOfSVASettinggoalsisthefirststepinachievingthem.(1)Thetipsbelowmayhelpyou.()Setgoalsthatcanbeachieved.Don'tpushyourselftoachievemorethanwhatispossible.Instead,youshouldsetgoalsbasedonyourabilitiesandskills.cApplyingtherulesBreakbiggoalsdownintosmallones.Whenyoudoso,(2)theywillseemeasiertoreach.()

Youwillbeproudofyourselfwhenyourealizeeachsmallgoal.(3)Thiswillalsogiveyoutheencouragementtoachieveyourlong-termgoal.()bdApplyingtherulesWriteyourgoalsonpaper.Itisagoodideatoputyourgoalswhereyoucanseethem.(4)Youcanplacethelistonyourbedsidetable.()

Oryoucanstickitonyourbedroomwall.Thiswillremindyouofwhatyouareworkingforandkeepyoufocused.gApplyingtherulesAfteryousetagoal,itisimportanttosticktoitandworkhardtowardsit.(5)Youmayfindachievinggoalsdifficult.()

But(6)youshouldnotgiveup.()

Instead,staypositiveandconfident.(7)Youwillsucceedintheend.()

eafApplyingtherulesWhatisyourgoalforthenewterm?Howareyou

goingtoachieveyourgoal?Writeaboutitusing

differentsentencestructures.IwilltrytoimprovemyEnglishinthenewterm.TherearealotofthingsIneedtodotoachievethisgoal.IwillreadtwoEnglishnovelsthisterm.Iwillalsotrytofindalanguagepartner.JoiningtheEnglishclubwillbehelpfultometoo.Allmyeffortswillpayoff!ExampleApplyingtherulesSpeakinginpublicconfidentlyremainsachallengetome.Ifinditdifficulttospeakinpublicconfidently.Mygoalforthenewtermistoimprovemycommunicationskills.Toachievethisgoal,Iwillencouragemyselftoaskandanswermorequestions.Joiningaclubalsoseemsagreatidea.Ithinkitcanoffermeagoodopportunitytomakenewfriendsandacquirenewskills.Besides,Iwillreadabookonhowtoimprovecommunicationskills.AlwaystryhardandIwillsucceed!SampleGrammar1.主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)（S+V）句中謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能接賓語(yǔ)，但能表達(dá)完整的意義。常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有：rise,matter,begin,come,go,happen,appear,work,takeplace等。二、句子結(jié)構(gòu)GrammarIagree.Classbegins.Theylaughed.Thecarstopped.Thedooropened.Thecarwon'tstart.Theredsunisrising.Mrs.Blackandherchildrentalkedandlaughed.Grammar2.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)（S+P）句中動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫作系動(dòng)詞。Grammar常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：be,keep,remain,stay,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,grow,become,go,come,turn,fall,seem,appear,hold,stand,prove,turnout等。GrammarTomlooksthin.Hebecameasinger.Maryseemspleased.Theflowerssmellsweet.Thebaby

fellasleepsoon.Somegirls

are

veryexcited.Myfather'shopeisthatIcangohomefrequently.Grammar3.主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)（S+V+O）句中謂語(yǔ)為及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，都有實(shí)際意義，都是由主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但后面必須加一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思。GrammarIliketakingrisks.Helivesahappylife.MysisterlikesEnglish.MyfatherteachesEnglish.Theyatewhatwasleftover.Headmittedthathemadeamistake.Themuseumhasanexcellentrestaurant.Weallknowthattheearthrunsaroundthesun.Grammar4.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)（S+V+IO+DO）句中謂語(yǔ)可以跟兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。通常情況下間接賓語(yǔ)在前，直接賓語(yǔ)在后；有時(shí)也可把間接賓語(yǔ)置于直接賓語(yǔ)后，此時(shí)間接賓語(yǔ)前需加介詞for或to，構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋直接賓語(yǔ)＋to/for＋間接賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。Grammar間接賓語(yǔ)之前用介詞to的動(dòng)詞有：give,tell,teach,write,bring,lend,hand,show,offer,send,pay,order等。間接賓語(yǔ)之前用介詞for的動(dòng)詞有：buy,fetch,save,choose,sing等。GrammarHe

gave

me

anapple.＝Hegaveanappletome.Givemethebook,please.＝Givethebooktome,please.Settinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlife.＝Settinggoalsgivesafocustoyouinlife.GrammarMrSmith

lent

me

hiscar.

＝MrSmithlenthiscartome.He

offered

me

hisseat.＝Heofferedhisseattome.Fatherbought

me

abook.＝Fatherboughtabookforme.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.＝Shecookedadeliciousmealforherhusband.Grammar5.主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（S+V+O+C）句中謂語(yǔ)為及物動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)不能表達(dá)完整的意思，需要用賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。Grammar常見(jiàn)的能跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：keep,

make,let,have,leave,get,see,watch,hear,feel,smell,notice,

observe,find,catch,lookat,listento,ask,tell,order,request,permit,persuade,elect,imagine,start,appoint,call,believe,allow,cause,consider,expect,know,think,want,wish等。Grammar如何判斷一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞所跟的是雙賓語(yǔ)還是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)？如果賓語(yǔ)與其后的成分之間存在著邏輯上的主謂或主表關(guān)系，則該動(dòng)詞接的是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，否則就是雙賓語(yǔ)。GrammarTheymadeherhappy.TheycalledhimJames.MomaskedTomtoleave.Wewillkeepthetableclean.Weconsidertheworkchallenging.Settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.Shekeptuswaitingforheranswerforoveraweek.Grammar6.主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋狀語(yǔ)（S+V+A）句中謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面需要跟狀語(yǔ)對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或限定。GrammarTheyworkhard.Jimrunsinthepark.Johnhasgonetobuybooks.Thechildrenstayedinroom.Allthestudentsarelisteningcarefully.Whenhermothercamein,shewassleeping.Robotcookswillappearinourfamiliesinthefuture．Grammar7.主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)＋狀語(yǔ)（S+V+O+A）句中謂語(yǔ)為及物動(dòng)詞，只跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，句意不完整，需要跟狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或限定。GrammarTheyputthedishhere.Theywanttogoatonce.Theyknowusverywell.Welikethefilmverymuch.Theyarereadingbooksinthelibrary.Themanraised

hisarmsabovehishead.Welookedatthegroupofpeopleinpanic.Janewasdoingherhomeworkat8:00lastnight.Grammar8.Therebe句型“Therebe句型”