考研英語閱讀模擬201

［模擬］考研英語閱讀模擬201

多項(xiàng)選擇

Whenweconductforeigntrade,theimportanceofunderstandingthe

languageofacountrycannotbeunderestimated.Thesuccessfulmarketer

mustachieveexportcommunicationwhichrequiresathoroughunderstanding

ofthelanguageaswellastheabilitytospeakit.Thosewhodealwith

advertisingshouldbeconcernedlesswithobviousdifferencesbetween

languagesandmorewiththeexactmeaningsexpressed.

Adictionarytranslationisnotthesameasanidiomatic,

interpretation,andseldomwillthedictionarytranslationmeettheneeds.

Anationalproducerofsoftdrinkshadthecompany，sbrandnameimpressed

inChinesecharacterswhichwerephonetically（按照發(fā)音地）accurate.It

wasdiscoveredlater,however,thatthetranslation，sliteralmeaningwas

afemalehorsefattenedwithwax,“hardlytheimagethecompanysought

todescribe.Socarelesslytranslatedadvertisingstatementsnotonly

losetheirintendedmeaningbutcansuggestsomethingverydifferent

includingsomethingoffensiveorridiculous.Sometimes,whatwas

translatedwasnotanimagethecompanieshadinmindfortheirproducts.

Manypeoplebelievethattofullyappreciatethetruemeaningofalanguage

itisnecessarytolivewiththelanguageforyears.Whetherornotthis

isthecase,foreignmarketersshouldnevertakeitforgrantedthatthey

areaffectivelycommunicatinginanotherlanguage.

a

第i題:

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttopicforthepassage?

A.IdiomaticMeaningsofLanguages

B.LanguageProblemsinForeignTrade

C.TranslationFailuresinForeignTrade

D.CultureDifferencebetweenLanguages

參考答案：B

答案解析：

注釋：本文主要說的是對(duì)外貿(mào)易中的語言問題；A和D只是分別在一段和三段中

提到的細(xì)節(jié)問題，而C是第二段所舉的一些例子。

第2題：

Toanadvertiser,whichoneshouldtheypaymoreattentionto?

A.Understandingofalanguage.

i

B.Abilitytospeakalanguage.

C.Obviousdifferencesbetweenlanguages.

D.Thedifferentidiomaticexpressionsbetweenlanguages.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

注釋：見第一段最后一句話Thosewhodealwithadvertisingshouldbe

concerned...morewiththeexactmeaningsexpressed.

第3題：

Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

A.Besttranslationshouldbetheintentoftheoriginalstatement.

B.Adictionarytranslationmaynotconveythetruemeaningofanidiom.

C.Adictionarywillmeettheneeds.

D.BothAandC.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

注釋：本段中舉出的所有例子都有說明，僅靠字典進(jìn)行的直譯很有可能歪曲原文

的意思。應(yīng)該瀏覽短文，得出主題大意。

第4題：

Intermsofcommunicationinanotherlanguage,marketersshouldnotbe

too.

A.proud

B.modest

C.self-confident

D.happy

參考答案：C

答案解析：

注釋：見原文第二段最后一句：..foreignmarketersshouldnevertakeit

forgrantedthattheyareaffectivelycommunicatinginanotherlanguage.”

第5題：

Thefirstsentence"???，theimportanceofunderstandingthelanguageof

acountrycannotbeunderestimated."mostprobablymeans.

A.Understandingofthelanguageofacountryisextremelyimportant

B.Understandingofthelanguageofacountryislessimportant

C.Notenoughimportanceisattachedtotheunderstandingofthe

languageofacountry

D.Enoughimportanceisattachedtotheunderstandingofthelanguage

ofacountry

2

參考答案：A

答案解析：

注釋：此句的“not...under-"為雙否定結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是肯定的，所以A選項(xiàng)為最

佳答案。其他選項(xiàng)的意思有誤或原文中沒有涉及。

Withournation，seconomiccompetitivenessslackeningandour

productivitylevelsnotkeepingpacewithourinternationalcompetitors,

employersandpolicymakershavecalledforchangesandimprovementsin

howourschoolspreparestudents.Inmultiplesurveys,employerspoint

toinadequaciesinacademicskillsandworkreadinessamongworkers,

includingthelackofintegrityandofwillingnesstoassume

responsibilityandworkcooperatively.Theyalsopointtotheincreasing

needforworkerstobelifelonglearners一aneedgeneratedbythe

increasingspeedwithwhichskillsbecomeobsoleteandbythefrequent

changesinjobsthataretypicallymadebyworkersduringtheirlifetimes

(oneinfiveworkersleavetheirjobsonceeveryfiveyearsandyounger

workersevenmoreoften).AccordingtotheCommitteeforEconomic

Development,uEmployersinbothlargeandsmallbusinessesdecrythelack

ofpreparationforworkamongthenation'shighschoolgraduates.Toomany

studentslackreading,writing,andappropriatebehavioronthejob.Nor

havetheylearnedhowtolearn,howtosolveproblems,makedecisions,

orsetpriorities.”Thisviewofyoungworkerscontributestotheirpoor

prospectsinthelabormarketasemployersseektohireolder,more

experiencedworkers,evenforentry-levelpositions.

Yetstudentshavecorrectlyascertainedthatthereislittle,

ifany,relationshipbetweenhowwelltheydoinschoolandhowlikely

theyaretogetahigh-skill,high-payjob,orevenajobthatpaysgood

studentsmorethantheircounterpartswhodolesswellinschool.

Employersrarelybothertochecktheacademiccredentialsofyoungjob

applicants,nordoestheUShaveanexternallygradedcompetency

assessmentsystem,whichiskeytothesecondaryschoolcurriculum,as

domostotherindustrializednations.TheUSDepartmentofLabor

Secretary'sCommissiononAchievingNecessarySkills(SCANS)recentlymade

astartondevelopingsuchasystembyidentifyingthefivecompetencies

thateffectiveworkerscanproductivelyuseandthethree-partfoundation

ofskillsandpersonalqualitiesthatcompetencerequires.

第6題：

Employersandpolicymakerscallforimprovementsineducationbecause

A.internationalcompetitiondemandscapableandresponsibleworkers

3

B.economiccompetitivenessdemandsstudentswithadvancedtechnology

C.productivitycannotbefurtherraisedwiththepresenteducational

level

D.schoolsoveremphasizeworkingskillsattheexpenseofacademic

skills

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第一段第一、第二句指出，隨著我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的減弱，生產(chǎn)力水平落后于我

們的國際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，雇主和政策制定者要求改變并改善學(xué)校教育學(xué)生的方式。多

項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，雇主認(rèn)為自己的雇工學(xué)業(yè)水平不夠，工作準(zhǔn)備不足，包括缺乏誠懇

的態(tài)度，不愿意承擔(dān)責(zé)任，工作缺乏合作精神。

第7題：

Lifelonglearningismadeanecessitybythe______.

A.failureofschoolstoproducequalifiedstudents

B.needoftheworkerstoconstantlyrenewtheirskills

C.lackofpreparationforworkonthepartofthestudents

D.threatimpendingunemploymentimposesonskilledworkers

參考答案：B

答案解析：

根據(jù)第一段第三句，雇主們也指出，工人越來越需要終身學(xué)習(xí)，這一需要產(chǎn)生于：

技能更新快，工人一生可能多次更換工作。

第8題：

Whichofthefollowingismentionedasaresultoftheemployers，

disappointmentwithschoolgraduates?

A.Thenationlackseconomiccompetitiveness.

B.Productivitylevelscannotberaisedsubstantially.

C.Manyjobpositionsareleftunfilled.

D.Employersarereluctanttohireschoolgraduates.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

第一段最后一句提到，對(duì)年輕工人的這種看法導(dǎo)致了他們就業(yè)前景不樂觀，雇主

寧愿去雇歲數(shù)大點(diǎn)、更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人，即使在低層崗位也是這樣。

第9題：

Infaceofaccusation,schoolgraduatesdefendthemselvesbysaying

A.examinationresultscanneverreflectthetruecapabilityof

students

B.goodacademicachievementisnoguaranteeforhigh-payjobs

4

C.jobperformancehasnothingtodowithhowwelltheydoinschool

D.highschoolsneverattachmuchimportancetotrainingtheirhi-tech

skills

參考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]意為：學(xué)業(yè)好未必能找到高薪水的工作。第二段第一句提到，在學(xué)生看來一

—他們這樣看也沒錯(cuò)，他們的學(xué)業(yè)和能否找到高技能、高薪水的工作之間幾乎沒

有什么關(guān)系。

第10題：

Wecanspeculatethat,aftertheSCANShasdevelopedtheassessmentsystem,

itislikelythat.

A.improvementswillbemadeinhowschoolspreparestudents

B.workerswillcertainlyincreasetheircompetitivenessand

productivity

C.theacademicfoundationofskillswillbemademoresolid

D.morejobopportunitieswillbeopenedforschoolgraduates

參考答案：A

答案解析：

第二段第二句提到，不像多數(shù)其他工業(yè)化國家一樣，美國沒有一種外在的等級(jí)水

平評(píng)估體系，這對(duì)中學(xué)的教學(xué)方案至關(guān)重要。言外之意，如果有這樣一種體系，

中學(xué)教育就有了指導(dǎo)方向。第三句提到，SCANS最近正在研究這樣一種體系，確

認(rèn)出工人能有效使用的五種能力水平以及達(dá)到這種能力所需要的由三部分組成

的技能和素質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。

ThetutorswhotaughttheCPStutorialsfoundittobeapositive

experience.TheCPStutorsallhadteachingexperiencebutpreviouslyhad

adoptedtheumini-lecture,,approachtoteachingintutorials.Atthe

beginningoftheproject,onetutorwasverycommittedandenthusiastic,

buttheothertwowereguardedanduncertainaboutthelikelyoutcomeof

theproject.Thisledtospeculationaboutpossibleobstaclessuchas

studentantagonism,studentunwillingnesstoparticipate,andstudentlack

ofpreparation.Bytheendoftheninthweek,however,allCPStutors

appearedenthusiasticabouttheproject.Onenotedthatthewhole

atmosphereofatutorialistotallydifferentnow...itissomuchbetter

whenyoucanwalkaroundthegroupsandjustsitwiththemforfiveminutes

一mostofthelearninggoesonwhenyouaresittingtheretalkingto

individualgroupsratherthantothewholeclass...Itisbettertoexplain

tosmallgroups,asevenifitclickswithonlyonepersoninthegroup

theycanthenexplainittoeveryoneelse.

CPStutorsagreedthattheywereenjoyingtutoringmorethan

theyhaddoneinthepastorinothersubjectsinwhichtheywerecurrently

5

tutoring.Theyattributedthisnewlevelofsatisfactiontothereduced

stress,becausetheywerenolongerthecenterofattentionandtothe

opportunitytointeractwithstudentsinamoreinformalatmosphere.They

believedthatstudentswereateasewiththemandwitheachotherandwere,

therefore,morewillingtoaskandanswerquestions.Inthissupportive

andcongenialsituation,studentsweremorelikelytotakerisks.

CPStutorsobservedthatstudentswerebetterpreparedfor

tutorialscomparedwithotherstudentstheyhadtaught,especiallyin

relationtotheirreadingoftheprescribedtextbook.Onetutorcommented

thattheidentificationofkeyconceptsinthereadingguidewasusedby

somestudentsasaframeworkforsummarydevelopment.Thisobservation

wassupportedbystudentsinasubject-reviewmeetingheldintheeighth

weekofthesemester.

Tutorialobservationsindicatedthattheclassroomdynamics

thatdevelopedduringthesemesterwereverydifferentintheCPSandTRAD

tutorials.AnimportantandconsistentlyobservedfeatureoftheCPS

tutorialswastheapparentlyhigherlevelsofstudentparticipationand

thesophisticationofthequestionsaskedbystudentscomparedwiththe

TRADtutorials.ThefourTRADtutorialswereuniforminteachingstyle

一allweresolution-givingmini-lectures.Studentparticipationwas

limitedtoansweringquestionsthatoftenrequiredsinglewordanswers

andmanystudentsremainedsilentthroughoutthetutorial.

a

第11題:

IntheCPStutorials,.

A.theteachersmeetthestudentsonone-to-onebasis

B.thestudentsteacheachotherwithouttheteachers'guidance

C.theclassisorganizedinamini-instructionapproach

D.thestudentsgetinstructionfromaPCinsteadfromhumanteachers

參考答案：C

答案解析：

[C]意為：采用小班的形式上課。第一段第二句提到，CPS的教員都有

教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以前都采用過“小班”形式指導(dǎo)過學(xué)生。另請(qǐng)參閱第一段最后一句。

第12題:

Atfirst,someteacherswereskepticalabouttheCPSprojectbecausethey

wereafraid.

A.theymightmeetwithresistancefromthestudentstosuch

instruction

B.theywerenotqualifiedforsuchaformatofinstruction

6

C.theywerenotusedtoteachingstudentsinsmall-groupformats

D.moretimewouldbewastedingivingmini-lectures

參考答案：A

答案解析：

[A]意為：在這樣的教學(xué)中他們可能遇到來自學(xué)生的阻力。第一段第三句

提到，在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的最初階段，一個(gè)教員非常投入、非常熱情，但是，另外兩個(gè)

存有戒心，對(duì)于這個(gè)項(xiàng)目會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么樣的結(jié)果感到?jīng)]有把握。這使他們預(yù)料他們

可能遇到阻力，如學(xué)生反對(duì)、參與不積極、學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備不充分等。

第13題：

MostteachersattributethesuccessoftheCPSprojectto.

A.theenthusiasmthestudentsshowforindividualizedlearning

B.theincreasedlearningopportunitiesforstudents

C.increasedinstructor-studentinteractionandeaseinteachingand

learning

D.thedeterminationofboththeteachersandstudentstomakeita

success

參考答案：C

答案解析：

[C]意為：老師與學(xué)生之間交流活動(dòng)的增加和教與學(xué)的輕松氣氛。根據(jù)

第二段，CPS教員將成功歸結(jié)為緊張程度（stress）的減少，因?yàn)樗麄儯ㄖ咐蠋煟?/p>

不再處于注意力的中心，并且歸結(jié)為在更隨意的氣氛中與學(xué)生交流的機(jī)會(huì)。他們

相信，學(xué)生與他們以及學(xué)生互相之間輕松相處，因此，更容易提問和回答問題。

第14題：

Itseemsthatthemostprominentimprovementobservedintheprojectis

A.theeaseininstructiononthepartoftheteachers

B.thediversityofmaterialstobelearned

C.increasedstudentparticipationinlearning

D.bothAand

參考答案：C

答案解析：

第三段提到，與他們以前教的學(xué)生相比，CPS教員看到，學(xué)生對(duì)上課準(zhǔn)備得更充

分一一特別表現(xiàn)在他們對(duì)規(guī)定課本的預(yù)習(xí)上。一個(gè)教員提到，在提供給學(xué)生的導(dǎo)

讀材料中的一些重要概念，被某些學(xué)生用于總結(jié)所讀材料的框架。這些都表明學(xué)

生更自覺、更積極地參加學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)。

第15題：

Whatisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

A.TheCPSProject'sInfluenceonTutors，TeachingExperiences.

7

B.AComparativeStudyofCPSandTRADTutorials.

C.TheAdvantagesofCPSoverTraditionalTeachingMethods.

D.TheRoleofModernTechnologyinClassroomTeaching.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

本文介紹了CPS教學(xué)方式，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)了這種教學(xué)方式對(duì)教師和學(xué)生的影響一一尤

其是前者。

Futurologistshavenotbeenverypreciseabouthow,andhowmuch,

digitalmediawillchangeourlives.Mostcommenthasfocusedonthe

expectationthatconsumerswillsoonbeabletousetheirTVorPCtoshop,

bankandordermoviesfromtheirarmchair.Commentatorsenvisagemore

dramaticchangestoeverydaylife.NicholasNegroponte,directorofMIT's

MediaLab,believesthatakeydevelopmentoverthenextfiveyearswill

betheapersonalization,,ofthecomputer,withwearabledevicessuchas

awrist-mountedTV,computerandtelephone.PeterCochrane,headof

researchatBritishTelecom,looksfurtherahead,askingustouimagine

avirtualrealityinterface,withyourvisualcortexfloodedby

informationfromspectacle-mountedorcontactlensesaugmentedby

directionalaudioinput,tactileglovesandprostheticarmsandfingers

thatwillgiveyouthesensationoftouch,resistanceandweight”.

Historically,enthusiastsfornewtechnologieshaveusually

beenoveroptimisticaboutthespeedofchange.Mostnewtechnologiestake

longertobeadoptedbythegeneralpublicthantheseenthusiastsexpect,

althoughtherehavebeenexceptions:oncetheyhadreachedcriticalmass,

VCRsandmobilephonestookofffasterthanmostexpertspredicted.

Arguably,everydaylifeintheadvancedeconomieschangedmorebetween

the1880sandthe1930sthaninthelastfiftyyearsor,possibly,the

next.Nevertheless,itisvalidtotalkaboutadigital"revolution”,

sincetheextentofchangeisdramaticbyanystandardsanddigital

technologyisitsbiggestsingledrivingforce.Eveniftheenthusiasts

overstatehowquicklythingswillchange,theymayturnouttoberight

aboutthescaleofthatchange.

Atthisstage,nooneknowshowthedigitalrevolutionwill

develop.Althoughthetechnologyitselfisnowbecomingsomewhatmore

predictable,exactlyhow,andhowfast,thingschangewilldependnotonly

ontechnicaldevelopmentsbutalsoonthepoliciesofkeycommercialand

politicalplayers,especiallyintheUS.Lesspredictableishow

enthusiasticallyconsumerswilltaketothistechnologyonaneveryday,

mass-marketscale.Leastpredictablearethesocio-culturaland

geo-politicalresponses:Willthedigitalrevolutionleadtogreater

internationalunderstandingorbitterrivalry?Willitencourage

materialismanderodereligiousbelief,orleadtoareligiousbacklash?

8

Willitmakepeoplehappier?

第16題：

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Thelikelyimpactofdigitaltechnologyoneverydaylife.

B.Theimprovementsmadeintheworldofmasscommunication.

C.Theapplicationsofdigitalmediainbusinessesandourlives.

D.Theoveroptimisticfeelingspeopleholdaboutthenewtechnologies.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

[A]參閱第2、第3、第4、第5題題解。

第17題：

WhatPeterCochranesayschieflymeansthat.

A.thefuturewillseeelectronicpeopledoingmostofworkforhuman

beings

B.dramaticchangeswilltakeplacein.oureverydaylife

C.humanswillbedeprivedofthesensationsoftouch,resistanceand

weight

D.ourmindswillbesofloodedwithinformationthatwemaybeconfused

參考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]在第一段最后一句Cochrane展望未來，要求我們想像一個(gè)虛擬的現(xiàn)實(shí)界面，

其中，通過裝在眼鏡上的或直接附在眼球上的隱形眼鏡，再附之以定向音頻輸入、

觸覺手套、假肢和假手指，以便給人以觸覺、阻力和應(yīng)力，通過以上這些設(shè)備，

信息就會(huì)源源不斷地流入你的視網(wǎng)膜。這里，Cochrane所說這番話的意思是想

說明第一段第三句表達(dá)的意思，即：數(shù)字媒體將給我們的日常生活帶來的巨大變

化。

第18題：

Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat.

A.somepeopleareoverenthusiasticaboutthescaleofchangedigital

mediawillbringus

B.thespeedandscaleofchangebroughttousbythedigitalmedia

willbedramatic

C.today，schangeswillinnowaymatchthechangestakingplacebetween

the1880sandthe1930s

D.nooneissuretowhatextentdigitaltechnologywillchangethe

media

9

參考答案：B

答案解析：

［B］意為：數(shù)字媒體給我們帶來的變化速度和規(guī)模將是巨大的。第二段指出，

雖然人們有時(shí)對(duì)于變化的速度過于樂觀，但是，我們談?wù)摂?shù)字“革命”卻是有道

理的，因?yàn)?，從任何?biāo)準(zhǔn)來看，變化的規(guī)模都是巨大的，而且，數(shù)字技術(shù)是（推

動(dòng)這場(chǎng)變化的）惟一巨大的推動(dòng)力。即使說有些人夸大了變化的速度，他們對(duì)變

化規(guī)模的看法卻可能是正確的。［A］不對(duì)。注意：在這個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中提到的是某些

人對(duì)變化的規(guī)模過于樂觀，而不是對(duì)速度過于樂觀。

第19題:

Intermsofthescaleofchange,theauthorconsidersthepresent

change.

A.asarevolution

B.asbeingsuperficial

C.asbeinginestimable

D.asoneoftheoldchanges

參考答案：A

答案解析：

［A］參閱第3題題解。另外，第三段第一句中也用了digitalrevolution這樣

的詞。

第20題:

Whatthepresentchangewillturnouttobewilldependon.

A.technologicalinnovationinthisdomain

B.whatsocialandculturalchangeswilltakeplace

C.whetherconsumersgreetthischangewithenoughenthusiasm

D.alloftheabove

參考答案：D

答案解析：

［D］［A］意為：這個(gè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新。最后一段第二句提到，雖然技術(shù)本身現(xiàn)

在正變得更容易預(yù)測(cè)，但是，事情如何變化以及變化速度的快慢將不僅取決于技

術(shù)的發(fā)展，而且取決于特別是像美國這樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治強(qiáng)國的政策。［B］與文章

內(nèi)容相符。最后一段最后一句提到了社會(huì)文化因素對(duì)變化規(guī)模和速度的影響。［C］

與文章內(nèi)容相符。最后一段第三句提到了消費(fèi)者對(duì)數(shù)字技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的熱情程度，認(rèn)

為這也是制約數(shù)字技術(shù)如何影響我們的生活的重要因素。

Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas

"hard”,thesocialsciencesas"soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesas

somewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeof

physicalsystemsismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,

andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.

io

Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverse,however,and

theprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleast

approximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismore

reasonable.Weareabletosampletheearth，ssocialsystemswithsome

degreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniverse

beinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileit

isinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriously

overturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystems

onwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,

takingpartinsocialactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilar

fromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthe

socialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamples

ofpersonalexperience.

Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,oreven

ofearth，sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionary

changesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefine

the“security“ofourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemasthe

probabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreverse

theorderofhardnessandseethesocialsciencesasthemostsecure,

thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiological

sciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse

istheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantastically

smallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththe

richrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsof

biologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefact

thatweseedistantthingsastheywerelongago,arelimitedinthe

extreme.

Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwe

haveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremely

different,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeof

physicalevolutionisincompleteandhighlyinsecure.

第21題：

Theword“paradox”(Line1,Paragraph1)means”

A.implication

B.contradiction

C.interpretation

D.confusion

參考答案：B

答案解析：

11

［B］意為：矛盾。paradox意為：自相矛盾的事；謬論。

第22題：

Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthe

physicalsciencesas“hard”andthesocialsciencesas"soft"because.

A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysical

sciences

B.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthat

of?socialsystems

C.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect

D.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysical

phenomena

參考答案：D

答案解析：

［D］意為：較之自然現(xiàn)象，我們能更確切地研究社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。第一段第三、第四、

第五句指出，就我們對(duì)相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域(universe)的抽樣研究能力而言，并就下列這

種可能性而言，我們對(duì)這些領(lǐng)域的認(rèn)識(shí)至少是基本正確的，我們以為將次序倒過

來看更加合理。我們能夠懷著一定程度的信心來對(duì)社會(huì)體系進(jìn)行抽樣研究，我們

可以對(duì)整個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行合理的抽樣研究，因此，我們對(duì)社會(huì)體系的認(rèn)識(shí)一一雖

然在許多方面還不太精確一一不可能被新發(fā)現(xiàn)徹底推翻。另請(qǐng)參閱以下兩題的題

解。［A］意為：相反的次序?qū)⒂欣谕苿?dòng)自然科學(xué)的發(fā)展。

第23題:

Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecure

thanthatof

A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience

B.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences

C.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata

D.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable

參考答案：C

答案解析：

［C］意為：它基于相當(dāng)具有代表性的一定量的數(shù)據(jù)。參閱第一段第三、第四句和

第二段第三句，有關(guān)這幾句話的意思見其他題題解。這兩部分都強(qiáng)調(diào)了作為研究

對(duì)象的抽樣的量和代表性。

第24題：

Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjectedtogreatchangesare

thebiggestbecause.

A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime

B.newinformationisconstantlycomingin

C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict

D.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate

12

參考答案：B

答案解析：

［B］意為：新信息不斷產(chǎn)生。第二段第一句指出，隨著新數(shù)據(jù)的產(chǎn)生和新理論的

誕生，我們對(duì)天文學(xué)領(lǐng)域或?qū)Φ厍虻牡刭|(zhì)歷史的認(rèn)識(shí)容易產(chǎn)生革命性的變化。［A］

意為：相互矛盾的理論不斷產(chǎn)生。本選擇項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容過于牽強(qiáng)，與原文所說的

意思有出入。

第25題：

Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocial

systemsbecause.

A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried

B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure

C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved

D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy

參考答案：c

答案解析：

［C］意為：我們只觀察到其很小的一部分。第二段第三句指出，我們對(duì)天文領(lǐng)域

的認(rèn)識(shí)是所有領(lǐng)域中最不可靠的，這僅僅是因?yàn)槲覀冇^察到的是其中極小的一部

分，并且，與社會(huì)體系豐富的記錄一一甚至與生物學(xué)體系有限的記錄一一相比，

其記錄簡(jiǎn)直微不足道(trivial)。［A］意為：有關(guān)其起源和歷史的理論多種多樣。

Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One，sphysical

assetsandliabilitiesdon，tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.

Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.

Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmore

than1000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnot-so—beautifulpeople.

Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion：Looksdomatter,morethanmostof

usrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractive

individualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirpatents,sought

outas-friends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionof

womenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,

paidwell,andpromoted.

Un-American,yousay,unfairandextremelyunbelievable?Once

again,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpietieswhileactingjust

thecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.They

giveeachmemberofagroup一collegestudents,perhaps,orteachersor

corporatepersonnelmanagersapieceofpaperrelatinganindividual's

accomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapers

allsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowa

strikinglyattractiveperson,someanaverage-lookingcharacter,andsome

anunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtorate

theindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthto

13

thelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.

Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,

thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappo,that

thesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,whatis

beautifulisgood.

Inbusiness,however,go