大學(xué)英語(yǔ)進(jìn)階：Computers and Security

一、填空題

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.

Changetheformwherenecessary.注意：請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}處填入單詞！需

要時(shí)變換詞形！

linkadequateironicupdateodd

pitchguaranteeinfectswearspare

1>Bylaw,whenonemakesalargepurchase,heshouldhave

opportunitytochangehismind.

正確答案：adequate

2、Everycamerawesellcomeswithatwo-year.

正確答案：guarantee

3、Fingerprintsthesuspecttothecrime.

正確答案：linked

4、Hemovesfromplacetoplacewherehecouldfind_______jobs.

正確答案：odd

5、Thedatawillneedfromtimetotime.

正確答案：updating

6、Surelyyoucarrytyreinthebackofyourcar?

正確答案：spare

7、It'sthattheweakeststudentinmathematicswas

electedclasstreasurer.

正確答案：ironic

8、Theresearcherssaidtheydonotknowhowthisparticular

virusacquiredtheabilitytopeople.

正確答案：infect

9、Themedicalteamintoactiontosavethewounded

worker.

正確答案：pitched

10、Thewitnessthatshewouldtellthetruth.

正確答案：swore

二、選詞填空

Directions:Inthispartthereisapassagewithtenblanks.

Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalist

ofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthe

passagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Each

choiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuse

anyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.注意：請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}處

填入相應(yīng)的字母編號(hào)！字母一定要大寫(xiě)！

Anti-virussoftware1________mostofthevirusesyourusers

arelikelytoencounter-oftenwithouttheuserevenknowing.

However,thesoftwaremustbe2regularly,preferably

dailyinanylargecompany.Eventhen,averynewviruscan

infectyourusers.Withtherapidtransmissionoffilesthrough

networksandtheInternet,aviruscanspreada3________

distancebeforeitcarbeidentifiedandprotectedagainst.

Fortunately,onlyafewviruseseverdothisbutthelikesof

MelissaandtheLoveBugcan4_______seriousdamagebefore

theirprogressisstopped.Whilstemployeesbecomesuddenly

awareduringtheensuingmediaexcitement,theysoonforget

aboutthevirusthreatasthestoriesdisappearfromthenews

headlines.

Thisisthedanger.Complacencycansetinwhenthereisno

5"action"onthevirusfrontwithnoglobalcrisis,and

theimportanceofbeing6aboutvirusesrecedesinyour

users，minds.Theyforgetwhatthebigdealwasinthefirst

place-afterall,theanti-virussoftwaredealswiththe

viruses,doesn，tit?Andisn，tittheITdepartment，sjobto

lookafterthissortofthing?

Beforeyouknowityourusersareopening7____

attachmentsoncemore,downloading8software,and

puttingyourcompany，sdataand9atrisk.Allbecause

theusersthinkthattheyareworkinginasafeenvironment.

Employeesseeanti-virussoftware,firewallsandIT

departmentsas10thattheircomputerswillworkand

willbesafe.Ofcourse,therearen，tanyguarantees.

Anti-virussoftwareplaysone,albeitimportant,partinthe

defenseofyourcompanyfrommaliciousattackbutthesecurity

ofyourcomputersystemisonlyasstrongastheweakestlink.

Andthat,moreoftenthannot,isthehumanfactor.

A.pursuits

B.updated

C.unsupported

D.download

E.credibility

F.detects

G.inflict

H.perceived

I.unsolicited

J.guarantees

K.authorized

L.considerable

M.vigilant

N.curse

0.unauthorized

1、_______

正確答案：F

2、

正確答案：B

3、________

正確答案：L

4、________

正確答案：G

5、________

正確答案：H

6>________

正確答案：M

7、________

正確答案：T

8、________

正確答案：0

9、________

正確答案：E

10、_______

正確答案：J

三、單選題

AsArtificialIntelligence(AI)becomesincreasingly

sophisticated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscould

becomeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingto

computerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthow

toturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.

Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,

it'snecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.

Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,you

wouldn,twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinner

forthehungrychildren."Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloaded

withagoodsetofvalues,“saidRussell.

Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.

Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepa

comfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslytherearecultural

differences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandthey

cameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn,tthink

that'sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwould

do.

Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoral

machines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesas

clearrules.

Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfrom

largesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonly

ifprogrammersarecareless.

Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvalues

isthathumanbeingsfailtodosufficienttestingandthey'

veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo（禁

忌).

Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthe

correctcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithan

unusualsituation.

Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitablefor

themicrowave,ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps

(嘟嘟聲),andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumans

aren,tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.

Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbe

decidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreate

asetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robots

couldbegoodforhumanity.

1、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots?()

A.Itmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogrammers.

B.Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.

C.Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheir

1anguage.

D.Ithasbecomeaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmore

sophisticated.

正確答案：C

2、Whatwouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesourpersonalspace

accordingtotheauthor?()

A.Theyareill-bred.

B.Theyareoutgoing.

C.Theyareignorant.

D.Theyareaggressive.

正確答案：A

3、Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues?()

A.Bypickinguppatternsfrommassive