2023年考研英語(yǔ)真題及解析

2023年全真試題

PartICloseTest

Directions：

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and

[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletter

inthebracketswithapencil.(1()points)

@Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.

②Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediately.③Hecancontinuetosupport

himselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.?Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,

asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto

4_oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.⑤Hemayalsoneedmoneyto

constructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.?Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe

7_.?Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.?Naturallyhewilltryto

borrowmoneyatalow9_ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarcnot10obtainable.[139words]

1.[A]otherthan[B]aswellas[C]insteadof[D]morethan

2.[A]onlyif[B]muchas[C]longbefore[D]eversince

3.[A]for[B]against[C]of[D]towards

4.[A]replace[B]purchase[C]supplement[D]dispose

5.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed[D]raise

6.[A]vessels[B]routes[C]paths[D]channels

7.[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient

[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained

8.[A]search[B]save[C]offer[D]seek

9.[A]proportion[B]percentage[C]rate[D]ratio

10.[A]genuinely[B]obviously[C]presumably[D]frequently

PartIIReadingComprehension

Passage1

①Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecome

adrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorld

War,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.

③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.④⑴)AmericaandAmericanswereprosperous

beyondthedreamsoftheEuiweansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.

①I(mǎi)twasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.(2)Justasinevitably,

theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossover

theirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,had

shrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmaker

left,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJuly.)⑦(已)

Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America'smachine-toolindustrywas

ontheropes.@Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedand

whichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.

?Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.?Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.③Theybegan

tobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofall

aswell.?Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.

⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.

①Howthingshavechanged!②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhile

Japanhasbeenstruggling.③()FewAmericansattributeIhissolelylosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollaror

theturningofthebusinesscycle.?Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤“Americanindustryhaschangedits

structure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,“accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedean

ofHarvard'sKennedySchoolofGovernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowour

businessesarcimprovingtheirproductivity/'saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,

DC.?AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas

“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”[429words]

11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.

[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal

[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore

[C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomicsofmostpotentialcompetitors

[D]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy

12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthatthe

American.

[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket

[B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises

[C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions

[D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket

13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

[A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.

[B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.

[C]Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.

[D]Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayfbrfurtherdevelopment.

14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe.

[A]turningofthebusinesscycle[B]restructuringofindustry

[C]improvedbusinessmanagement[D]successineducation

Passage2

①（is）Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.②Thereareabout105malesboruforevery100females、but

thisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenas

men.③But〔hegrealuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellas

girlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,fbrthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyare

searchingloramate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefbrnaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦Fiftyyearsago,

thechanceofababy（particularlyaboybaby）survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortoo

heavymeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisdueto

genes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.

?Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.②Fewpeopleare

asfertileasinthepast.③Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.?Nowadays

thenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberof

offspring.^）Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfbrnaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofit

havediminished.⑦Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesand

povertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.⑧Thegrandmediocrityoftoday-everyonebeingthesameinsurvival

andnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndia

comparedtothetribes.

Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.?Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittle

physicalchange.③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,000years—eventhe

past100years-ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.@（：）wedidnotevolve,because

machinesandsocietydiditforus.⑥D(zhuǎn)arwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“l(fā)ookatan

organicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension."⑦Nodoubtwewill

remembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionfbritsugliness.Buthoweveramazedour

descendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.[406words]

15.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

[A]Alackofmates.[B]Afiercecompetition.

[C]Alowersurvivalrate.[D]Adefectivegene.

16.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?

[A]Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.

[B]Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.

[C]Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.

[D]Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.

17.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.

[A]lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance

[B]thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining

[C]ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution

[D]thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing

18.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

[A]SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution.

[B]WaysofContinuingMan'sEvolution.

[C]TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature.

[D]HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere.

Passage3

①（2。）Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion、itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesare

aimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirDrinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearsto

comeiheymayberegardedasnormal.?WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,for

whateverFuturistpoetrymaybe-evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardly

beclassedasLiterature.

?This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:fbracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionally

speedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.?Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughts

andemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.③（21）ThisspeedingUDoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresa

newformofexpression.④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wemust

pouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.?Instead

ofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferent

coloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.

?Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesarcconfused.②Butitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatory

notesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheyboth

fallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:

“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.”

①（22）This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.

②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotional

lifecallsforachangeofexpression.③Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?[334

words]

19.Thispassageismainly.

[A]asurveyofnewapproachestoart

[B]areviewofFuturistpoetry

[C]aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement

[D]aboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature

20.Whenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtryto.

[A]determineitspurposes[B]ignoreitsflaws

[C]followthenewfashions[D]accepttheprinciples

21.Futuristsclaimthatwemust.

[A]increasetheproductionofliterature

[B]usepoetrytorelievemodernstress

[C]developnewmodesofexpression

[D]avoidusingadjectivesandverbs

22.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis.

[A]basedonreasonableprinciples

[B]newandacceptabletoordinarypeople

[C]indicativeofabasicchangeinhumannature

[D]moreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature

Passage4

①（23）AimlessnesshashardlybeenlypicaloftheposlwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyare

theenvyof（heUniledSlatesandEurope.②ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditional

work-moralvalues.③Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonfor

being,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon'tknowwheretheyshouldgo

next.

①Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarket

havelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedin

climbingJapan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.②Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5

percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsinthe

UnitedStates.③Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheir

counterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.

?Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstest

takingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.②（）“Thoseihingsihaldonolshowupinihe

lestscores-personality,ability,courageorhumanily-arecompletelyignored、”saysTbshikiKaifu,chairmanof

therulingLiberalDemocraticParty'seducationcommittee.③“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidsto

dropoutandrunwild."?LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaults

onteachers.⑤Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoral

education.⑥LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthat

liberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe"Japanese

moralityofrespectforparents?*

①（26）ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.②"InJapan,''sayseducatorYokoMuro,"it's

neveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucancndurc.^^③With

economicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincitieswhere

communityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.

?UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes（travelstoandfromwork）andcrowdedlivingconditions,

butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,thediscomfortisbeginningtotell.@Inthepastdecade,the

Japanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,and

suicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.[447words]

23.IntheWesterners,eyes,thepostwarJapanwas.

[A]underaimlessdevelopment[B]apositiveexample

[C]arivaltotheWest[D]onthedecline

24.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsiblefbrthemoraldeclineofJapanesesociety?

[A]Women'sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited.

[B]Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs.

[C]Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics.

[D]Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues.

25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?

[A]Japaneseeducationispraisedfbrhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocialladder.

[B]Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity.

[C]Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity.

[D]Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttesttaking.

26.ThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefactthat.

[A]theyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsinlife

[B]thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatintheU.S.

[C]theJapaneseenduremorethaneverbefore

[D]theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentlife

Passage5

①（27）ifambilionislobewellregarded,therewardsofambilion—wealth,distinclion,controloverone's

destiny—mus〔bedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition'sbehalf.②Ifthetraditionofambitionisto

havevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselves

admired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.28）Inanoddway,however,itisthaeducatedwhohaveclaimedto

havegivenuponambitionasanideal.④Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionif

notalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.⑤ThereisaheavynoteofhyDocrisyinthis,a

caseofclosing〔hebamdoorafter」hehorseshaveescaped—wilh〔heeducatedthemselvesridingon〔hem.

?Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.②Summerhomes,

Europeantravel,BMWs-thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseem

lessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.③（29）Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfully

totheirdrcams、aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing、acquisitiveandvulgar.

?Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:the

criticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshis

mealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseown

childrenareenrolledinprivateschools.⑤Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproper

formulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.,5

?Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewand

unimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.②Asaresult,thesupportfbrambitionasahealthy

impulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeeninthe

UnitedStates.③Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsand

promptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.?Consequencesfollowfromthis,

ofcourse,someofwhicharcthatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.⑤Such,then,isthewaythings

stand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnest

peopletryingtogetoninlife.[431words]

27.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif.

[A]itsreturnswellcompensatefbrthesacrifices

[B]itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower

[C]itsgoalsarcspiritualratherthanmaterial

[D]itissharedbytherichandthefamous

28.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis.

[A]customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords

[B]toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout

[C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal

[D]impracticalfbrtheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition

29.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause.

[A]theythinkofitasimmoral

[B]theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth

[C]ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits

[D]theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible

30.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained.

[A]secretlyandvigorously[B]openlyandenthusiastically

[C]easilyandmomentarily[D]verballyandspiritually

PartIIlEnglish-ChineseTranslation

Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyon

theeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.31)Undermodemconditions、thisrequiresvaryingmeasures

ofcentralizedcontrolandhcnccthehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearch

experts.32)Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyisdirectlyboundupwith>hn

efficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologists

ofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostep

upprcxluctionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchin

variousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,or

interfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymay

cooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.In

anycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnological

manpowerofallkinds.

33)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnew

wantsandarcbeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas、whilegovcnimcntsarcoftenforcedtointroducestill

furtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughoutthe

worldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,34)intheearly

industrializedcountriesofEUIODCIheprocessofindustrialization—withallIhefar-reachingchangesinsocial

paliernsihalfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacenlury.whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergo【he

sameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthe

communityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.35)Additionalsocial

stressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepoDulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigration

movements-themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodemmeansoftransDort.Asaresultofallthese

factors,governmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningthe

appropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.[390words]

34)

SectionIVWriting(15points)

36.Directions:

A.Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150words.

B.YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:

I)Describethepictures.

2)Deducethepurposeofthepainterofthepictures.

3)Suggestcounter-measures.

2023年英語(yǔ)試題答案

PartIClozeTest

l.C2.A3.B4.A5.C

6.D7.B8.D9.C10.D

PartIIReadingComprehension

Passage1

11.C12.D13.B14.A

Passage2

15.C16.B17.A18.D

Passage3

19.B20.A21.C22.D

Passage4

23.B24.D25.C26.A

Passage5

27.A28.C29.D30.B

28.

PartIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation

31.在當(dāng)代條件下,這需要程度不同的集中控制措施，從而就需要取得諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和運(yùn)籌學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的教

授的幫助。

32.再者，顯而易見(jiàn)的是一種國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率親密有關(guān)，而效率的提升則又有賴于

多種科技人員的努力。

33.大眾通訊的明顯發(fā)展使各地的人們不斷感到有新的需求，不斷接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想。因?yàn)樯鲜鲈?/p>

因，政府經(jīng)常得推出更多的革新。

34.在先期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國(guó)家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來(lái)的多種深刻的社會(huì)構(gòu)造變革，連續(xù)了

大約一種世紀(jì)之久，而如今一種發(fā)展中國(guó)家在十年左右就可能完畢這個(gè)過(guò)程。

35.因?yàn)槿丝诘拿驮龌蛉丝诘拇罅苛鲃?dòng)（當(dāng)代交通工具使這種流動(dòng)相對(duì)輕易）造成的種種問(wèn)題也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)

造成新的壓力。

試題精解

PartICloseTest

一、文章總體分析

本文是一篇短小的論證性文章，其主題是強(qiáng)調(diào)農(nóng)民儲(chǔ)存余糧的必要性。

文章①句提出論點(diǎn)：農(nóng)民想成功，就必須努力保持消費(fèi)和生產(chǎn)之間有較大的差距。②句對(duì)①句進(jìn)行詳

細(xì)的解釋?zhuān)杭此仨毚鎯?chǔ)大量的糧食。③④⑤從正面論述儲(chǔ)存余糧的必要性：③句總說(shuō)能夠養(yǎng)家糊口；④⑤

句詳細(xì)說(shuō)能夠留作播種、應(yīng)對(duì)惡劣天氣影響及作為商品賣(mài)掉以滿足農(nóng)業(yè)再生產(chǎn)等需要。@@⑧句論述沒(méi)有

余糧的危害:不能自給自足，從背面論證儲(chǔ)存余糧的必要性。

二、試題詳細(xì)解析

1.\[A\]olherthan不同于，除了..[B]aswellas也，又（表達(dá)附加）

[C]insteadof而不是...（表選擇）[D]morethan比更多（表比較）

本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系。正確率：72%

[迅速解題]文章首句的含義是：一種農(nóng)民要想成功，就必須努力保持其消費(fèi)和生產(chǎn)之間較大的差距。

接著文章提到了兩種恰好相反的做法，一種是storealargequantityofgrain（存儲(chǔ)大量的糧食），另一種是

consumingallhisgrainimmediately（立即把他全部的糧食都消費(fèi)完）。顯然前一種做法是農(nóng)民能夠成功的做

法，所以空格處需要一種詞語(yǔ)來(lái)否定背面部分，而且其后能跟目前分詞。選項(xiàng)中，只有介詞短語(yǔ)insleadof

符合要求，意為“他必須存儲(chǔ)大量的糧食而不是立即把全部的糧食都消耗完

[篇章分析]①句為文章主旨句，關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容是“保持消費(fèi)和生產(chǎn)之間的差距”。②句承接①句，詳細(xì)論

述怎樣保持這個(gè)差距：儲(chǔ)存大量的糧食。

[空格設(shè)置]insteadof是連接性介詞，體現(xiàn)上下文語(yǔ)義上的邏輯關(guān)系。insteadof表選擇關(guān)系，意為

“替代，作為...的替代，而不是…”，在兩種做法中肯定前者，否定后者。如：Iwillstayathomeinsteadof

goingoul.我將待在家里，不出門(mén)。其他連接性介詞還涉及becauseof（因?yàn)椋琩espite（盡管），besides（除

T）等。

[干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置]其他項(xiàng)的短語(yǔ)都可用于連接前后并列的兩部分。otherthan常用于否定句中，實(shí)際上

是對(duì)背面部分的肯定，如：Idon'tknowanyFrenchpeopleotherthanyou.除了你，我不認(rèn)辨認(rèn)的法國(guó)人。其

他例句：Theeditorsaswellastheproofreadersareworkingoverlime.編輯和校對(duì)者都在加班工作。Ilikeher

morethanherhusband.我比較喜歡她，不太