Unit 1 People of Achievement（答案解析版）-2022-2023學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期課后培優(yōu)分級(jí)練（人教版2019選擇性必修第一冊(cè)）

Unit1PeopleofAchievement

H課前積累

完成以下名言警句并做好積累。

1.Ittookme17yearsand114days(become)anovernightsuccess.

我花了17年零114天的時(shí)間才在一夜間成功?！肺?/p>

2.Thereisnosuchthingagreattalentwithoutgreatwillpower.

沒有偉大的意志力，便沒有雄才大略?！蜖栐?/p>

3.(live)withoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass.

生活沒有目標(biāo)，猶如航海沒有羅盤?！_斯金

4.Themostterribleenemyisnostrong(believe).

最可怕的敵人，就是沒有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的信念?！_曼?羅蘭

5.IfIhaveseen(far),itisbecauseIstandontheshouldersofgiants.

如果說我看得遠(yuǎn)，那是因?yàn)槲艺驹诰奕说募缟稀！ｎD

6.Manypeoplewasteawholelife(wait)forthechancetomeettheirdesire.

許多人浪費(fèi)了整整一生去等待符合他們心愿的機(jī)會(huì)?！岵?/p>

7.(success),youmustacceptallthechallengesandyoucan'tjustaccepttheonesyoulike.

要成功，你必須接受遇到的所有挑戰(zhàn)，不能只接受你喜歡的那些?！~克?加拂卡

8.Godsdetermineyou'regoingtobe。

人生的奮斗目標(biāo)決定你將成為怎樣的人?！?dú)W文

9.Trynottobeamanofsuccesstrytobeamanofvalue.

不要為成功而努力，要為做一個(gè)有價(jià)值的人而努力?！獝垡蛩固?/p>

10.Astrongmanwillstrugglethestormsoffate.

強(qiáng)者能同命運(yùn)的風(fēng)暴抗?fàn)??！獝鄣仙?/p>

號(hào)答案自查

l.tobecome；2.as；3.Living；4.belief；5.further；6.waiting；7.Tosucceed；8.what；9.but；10.with

羔課后培優(yōu)練

,培優(yōu)第一階——基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練

I.單詞拼寫

1.Thearticleexamineshowthespecial(特征)ofplasticcancauseenvironmentalproblems.

2.Knowledgehasbecomea(關(guān)鍵性的)factorintheprogressofacountry.

3.Hehadno（客觀的）evidencethatanythingextraordinarywashappening.

4.Wateris（必不可少的）tokeepeverylivingthingalive.

5.Presentatthemeetingwere200peoplefromallwalksoflife,whoweremadvancedworkers.

6.There'sabsolutelynoregulationofcigarettestomakesurethattheydon'tincludepoisonouss.

7.Afteroaspecificcollegedegreeajobapplicantcanbecompetitiveforpreviouslyunavailable

jobs.

8.TheLakersdtheNewOrleansHornetsthedaybeforeyesterday.

9.Solids（固體）turnto1atcertaintemperatures.

10.Portugueseexplorershad（繪制）thewestcoastofAfricaasfarasSierraLeone.

11.Whenthepolicehittheshore,theattacker（逃跑）intothejungle.

12.Itisathatthetemperatureoftheearthisrising.

13.Iifromhissilencethathewasangry.

14.ThePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfin1949.

15.Thecrowdfoutofthestationand5minuteslaterhepickedherout.

16.HeadmiresthegreatslikeEinstein.

17.Thepublicdon'tthinktheirpresidentisacleverp.

18.Hehada（酷愛）forgardens.

19.We?vemade（非凡的）progressasasocietyinrecentyears.

20.Iamanindependentinventorandhavehaddozensof（專利）awardedtomeinthepast35

years.

21.Istudiedformy（博士學(xué)位）inTsinghuaUniversityfrom2013to2016.

22.Fatherpattedmegonmyhack,butsaidnothing.

23.Hewasoneoftheverygreatestscientificand

24.Theyeuntolddifficultiesanddangersbeforetheyreachedtheirdestination.

25.Theysatdownanddalettertothelocalnewspaper.

26.Thenewtechniqueistargetedatmobile（儀器）.

27.Heshavedhismoffandlookedyoungerthanhisage.

【答案】

1.properties2.crucial3.objective4.vital5.mostly6.substances7.obtaining8.defeated

9.liquids10.charted11.fled12.appareat13.inferred14.founded15.flowed16.scientists17.politician

18.passion19.extraordinary2O.patents21.doctorate22.gently23.geniuses24.encountered25.drafted

26.devices27.moustaches

II.選詞填空

getstuck;insiston;commit...to（do）;commitoneselfto;bewellknownfor;standup;

putit;makegreatcontributionsto;outofapassionfor;cometopower;takeup;

mistake...for;passaway

1.Hewasnotexpectedtogo,buthegoing.

2.1waseatingaturkeysandwichandthefoodjustinmythroat.

3.Theythemselvesstudyharderthanbefore.

4.Hewasadevotedteacherandtheeducationofthechildren.

5.XuZhimohispoemASecondFarewelltoCambridge.

6.AsCharlesChaplinonce"Thereisnothingpermanentinthiswickedworld,notevenour

troubles.^^

7.Isthisbuildinggoingtotothestrongestgales?

8.Theprizewillbeawardedtothosewhohavetheworld'speace.

9.Mosttourguidesdothejobtravelingratherthanmoney.

10.Heleftanewpositioninanothercompany.

]1.However,socialchangesbroughtaboutbynewtechnologyoften

changesinattitudes.

12.WhenJinYong,thereweremanyfansonsocialmediaexpressingtheirsadnessoverhis

death.

13.AfterMandela,hisgovernmenttrieditsbesttoimproveblacks'education.

【答案】

1.insistedon2.gotstuck3.committed;to4.committedhimselfto5.iswellknownfor6.putit

7.standup8.madegreatcontributionsto9.outofapassionforlO.totakeup

11.are;mistakenfor12.passedaway13.cametopower

III.單句語法填空

1.Lackofsleepcanresultinattentiondisordersandpoor(academy)performance.

2.Hemadeaverythorough(analyse)onthesituation.

3.He(acknowledge)thathehadbrokenthelaw.

4.Theyarecommittedtodevelopinganew(evaluate)system.

5.(science)managementpromotesproduction.

6.Haveyouseentheexhibitionatthe(botany)garden?

7.Here'ssome(boil)water.Haveadrinkwheneveryou'rethirsty.

8.Manypeoplemakeasharp(distinct)betweenhumansandotheranimals.

9.Rudolphsaidnomore.(apparent)hewasamanoffewwords.

10.Thiskindofclothwasheswell,ironseasilyand(wear)long.

11.QueenRaniaofJordan,awoman(commit)tomakingtheworldabetterplaceforwomenand

children,istrulychangingtheworld.

12.Thiscontestwilllastoneandahalfmonths,(conclude)atthemiddleofDecember.

13.ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn(take)nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthe

bookshehasborrowed.

14.Whatreally(strike)meaboutLondonwasthatitwasnotonlyhistoricbutmodern.

15.Asthe(found)ofAlibaba,China'slargeste-commerce(電子商務(wù))site,MaYunisneverafraid

ofdreamingbig.

16.Underno(circumstance)shallImentionthesecrettoanyone.

17.Theavailableevidenceclearlyleadstothe(conclude)thatthemediadohaveaninfluenceon

thepublic'sperception(認(rèn)知)ofcrime.

18.Myfence(tear)downinthestorm,soIneedtoputupanewone.

19.Onthebeautifulshipwereover2,000people,mostofwerewomenandchildren.

20.Thisisthemostsplendidpartofyourchart,alltheinformationisanalyzedcleverlyinthe

languageofmathematics.

21.In1897,JosephJohnThomsonofCambridgeannouncedhisdiscoveryoftheelectron(電子),

whichhewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1906.

22.ltisauniqueAmerican(institute)forthenewpresidenttodeliveraninauguraladdress(就職演

說).

23.Einstein'stheoryof(relative)wonhimuniversalfameandrespect.

24.Despite(number)failures,theycontinuedtoconducttheexperiment.

25.Electricitylinesto30,000homeswere(gradual)beingrestoredyesterday.

26.Mistakesduetocarelessnessmayhaveserious(consequence).

27.In1979,only2%ofBritish(professor)werefemales.

28.Many(theory)havebeenadvancedastowhysomepeoplesufferfromdepression.

29.CanIjustsumwhatwe'veagreedsofar?

【答案及詳解】

I.academic考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：缺乏睡眠會(huì)導(dǎo)致注意力紊亂和學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)差。academic是形容詞，作

performance的定語。

2.analysis考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：他對(duì)這個(gè)形勢(shì)做了透徹的分析。此處包含短語makeathoroughanalysison...

對(duì)……做透徹的分析，故填名詞analysis。

3.acknowledged考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他承認(rèn)他違背了法律，通過that后的hadbroken可以判斷主句用

一般過去時(shí)。故填acknowledgedo

4.evaluation專查i司性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：他們承諾開發(fā)新的評(píng)價(jià)體系，evaluationsystem評(píng)價(jià)體系，此處用名詞

作定語。

5.Scientific考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：科學(xué)的管理促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)。scientific是形容詞，意為“科學(xué)的"，作managemem

的定語。

6.botanical考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：你看植物園的展覽品了嗎？botanical是形容詞，意為“植物學(xué)的"，作garden

的定語。botanicalgarden意為“植物園”。

7.boiled考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這是些燒開了的水。你渴了就可以隨時(shí)喝。boiled是過去分詞，表示動(dòng)作

已經(jīng)完成，boiledwater即“燒開的水”，注意正在沸騰的水(boilingwater)不能喝，所以不能使用boiling。

8.distinction考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:很多人認(rèn)為人類和其他動(dòng)物截然不同。makeadistinctionbetween...and...

把...和....區(qū)別開。故填名詞distinctiono

9.Apparently考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：魯?shù)婪虿辉僬f話?？磥硭莻€(gè)少言寡語的人。apparently是副詞，可放

在句首作狀語。

10.wears考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這種布料耐洗、易熨燙、耐磨。wear在此處為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“磨損”，

與long連用，表示主語自身屬性，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。依據(jù)句中其他謂語動(dòng)詞washes、irons可知時(shí)

態(tài)應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

11.committed考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:約旦王后拉尼婭，一位承諾使世界成為更好的適合婦女和兒童的地

方的女性真的在改變世界。becommittedtodoingsth.某人承諾做某事。此處用過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾

awoman。

12.concluding考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這次比賽將持續(xù)一個(gè)半月，在12月中旬結(jié)束。句子中已有謂語動(dòng)詞

willlast,所以此處要用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，conclude在此處意為“結(jié)束”、作不及物動(dòng)詞，和句子主語之間為

主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

13.take考查虛擬語氣。句意：圖書管理員堅(jiān)持要求約輸在歸還所有借過的書之前不能再從圖書館拿走任何

書籍?insist在此處意為“堅(jiān)持要求”，后接的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，即謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”

形式，故此處填take。

14.struck考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：倫敦給我的真實(shí)印象是它不僅有重大的歷史意義而且現(xiàn)代化，由語境可知此處

需用一般過去時(shí)。

15.founder考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：作為中國最大電商網(wǎng)站阿里巴巴的創(chuàng)始人，馬云從來不畏懼夢(mèng)想干一番大

事。found是動(dòng)詞，意為“建立"，founder為名詞，意為“建立者，創(chuàng)始人”。

16.circumstances考查固定用法。句意：無論如何我都不會(huì)向任何人提及這個(gè)秘密。此處包含固定用法under

nocircumstances,意為“無論如何不

17.conclusion考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：現(xiàn)有的證據(jù)可以清楚地得出結(jié)論：公眾對(duì)犯罪活動(dòng)的認(rèn)知確實(shí)受到媒

體的影響。conclusion為名詞,作leadsto的賓語。

18.wastorn考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：我的籬笆在暴風(fēng)雨中被拆毀了，所以我需要搭建個(gè)新的。teardown意

為“拆毀”，與主語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，由語境可知用一般過去時(shí)，所以填wastom。

19.考查非限制性定語從句。句意：這艘漂亮的船上有2,000多人，其中大多數(shù)是婦女和兒童，people是先

行詞，指人，關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中作介詞of的賓語，故填whom。

2O.where考查非限制性定語從句。句意：這是你的圖表中最精彩的部分，在這一部分中，所有的信息都用

數(shù)學(xué)語言進(jìn)行了巧妙的分析。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是chart,指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地

點(diǎn)狀語，故填whereo

21.for考查非限制性定語從句中介詞的用法。句意：1897年劍橋大學(xué)的約瑟夫?約翰?湯姆遜宣布他發(fā)現(xiàn)了電

子，1900年他因此被授予諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，非限制性定語從句中的which指代前面整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，由句

意可知設(shè)空處表示“因?yàn)椤?，說明獲獎(jiǎng)原因，故應(yīng)填介詞for。

22.institution考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：對(duì)于新總統(tǒng)來說，發(fā)表就職演說是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的美國的習(xí)俗。由設(shè)空處前

的a可知此處應(yīng)用名詞，institution意為“習(xí)俗

23.relativity考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論理論為他贏得了全世界的名聲和尊重。theoryofrelativity

意為“相對(duì)論理論”，所以此處應(yīng)填名詞relativityo

24.numerous考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：盡管(經(jīng)歷了)許多的失敗的事，他們繼續(xù)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。此處應(yīng)用形容詞

作定語，修飾其后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞failures?numerous作形容詞，意為“許多的”。

25.gradually考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?句意：通向3萬戶人家的電線昨II被逐步修復(fù)。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處修

飾謂語動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用副詞，gradually意為“逐漸地，逐步地”。

26.consequences考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：山丁粗心犯的錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)有嚴(yán)重的后果。consequence為可數(shù)名詞，

意為，，后果，，，設(shè)空處前無冠詞及形容詞性物主代詞，且由語境可知此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填

consequenceso

27.professors考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：在1979年，只有2%的英國教授是女性。professor為可數(shù)名詞，意

為“教授”，由設(shè)空處后的were可知此處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)名詞professors,

28.theories考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：關(guān)于為什么一些人患有抑郁癥，許多理論已經(jīng)被提出來了。theory為可

數(shù)名詞，意為“理論”，由設(shè)空處前的Many可知此處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)名詞theories。

29.up考查固定搭配。句意：我可否就我們目前達(dá)成的共識(shí)作個(gè)概括？sumup意為“總結(jié)，概括”，故填

up。

IV.翻譯句子

1.被邀請(qǐng)來參加本次夏令營開幕式我深感榮幸。(Itisanhonorforsb.todosth.)

2.普遍認(rèn)為新鮮食物對(duì)我們的健康有益。(Itisacknowledgedthat...)

3.我們負(fù)責(zé)任地控制住自己對(duì)環(huán)境的影響是至關(guān)重要的。(Itiscrucialthat...)

4.我突然想到我可以把書捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)(charily),(Itstrikessb.that...)

5.他堅(jiān)持主張由于天氣不好運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)應(yīng)推遲到下周。(insistthat...)

6.'貧困國家最需要的不是錢而是先進(jìn)的技術(shù)。(not...but...)

7.給我印象最深的是他們面對(duì)困難時(shí)從不泄氣。(whatimpressedsb.most)

8.據(jù)報(bào)道3人在這起交通事故中受傷。(Itisreportedthat...)

9.這個(gè)法國人說起長(zhǎng)城好像他以前去過那里似的。(asit)

10.街道兩邊擠滿了人，大家都在為跑步的人加油。(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))

11.如果把電視嵌入天花板，你就可以躺在那里觀看你最喜歡的節(jié)目了。(whiledoing...)

【答案】

1.Itisagreathonorformetobeinvitedtoattendtheopeningceremonyofthesummercamp.

2.Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatfreshfoodisbeneficialtoourhealth.

3.Itiscrucialthatweresponsiblymanageourimpactontheenvironment.

4.ItstruckmethatIcoulddonatethebookstocharities.

5.Heinsistedthatthesportsmeetingbeputofftillthenextweekbecauseofthebadweather.

6.Whatpoorcountriesneedmostisnotmoneybutadvancetechnology.

7.Whatimpressedmemostwasthattheyneverlostheartwhenfacedwithdifficulties.

8.Itisreportedthatthreepeoplewereinjuredinthetrafficaccident.

9.TheFrenchmantalkedabouttheGreatWallasifhehadbeentherebefore.

10.Bothsidesofthestreetwerecrowdedwithpeople,allcheeringtherunnerson.

11.IftheTVwasbuiltintotheceiling,youcouldlietherewhilewatchingyourfavouriteprogramme.

V.課文語法填空

A

TuYouyouisuniversallyacknowledgedasascientistofgreatJ(achieve).BorninNingbo,

China,on30December1930,TuYouyougraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.1n1967,she

waschosenforaresearchteam2wasformedbythegovernmentwiththeaimofdiscoveringanew

treatment3malariaandtwoyearslatershebecametheheadoftheprojectinBeijing.Sheandher

teammatesexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,4(evaluate)280,000plantsfortheirmedical

properties,andtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainst

malaria.Asa5(commit)andpatientscientist,sheneveracknowledgeddefeatwhateverdifficulty

shemet.Afterfailingtodrawoutusefulextractby6(boil)thesweetwormwood,shebeganeven7

(careful)thinkingandresearchwork.Shedrew8conclusionthatboilingthesweetwormwood9

(destroy)itsmedicalproperties.SosheusedalowertemperatureW(draw)outtheextractand

finallyshesucceeded.

【答案及詳解】

1.achievement考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：屠呦呦被普遍認(rèn)為是一個(gè)具有偉大成就的科學(xué)家。of后接抽象名詞表

示某人或某物具有的某種特征或性質(zhì)，故填achievemento

2.that/which考查關(guān)系詞。此處指她被選入一個(gè)由政府成立的科研團(tuán)隊(duì)。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為a

researchteam,從句中缺少主語，故填that或which。

3.for考查介詞。anewtreatmentformalaria意為“治療瘧疾的新藥“，故填for。

4.evaluated考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句中的examined,設(shè)空處和tested作并列謂語，用一般過去時(shí)，故填evaluatedo

5.committed考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。committed為形容詞，意為“盡心盡力的“，和patient一起作scientist的定語。

6.boiling考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。bydoingsth.意為“通過做某事”，by為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞。

7.morecareful考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。此處指她開始甚至更加仔細(xì)的思考和研究工作，故填morecareful。

8.a考查固定搭配。drawaconclusionthat…得出...的結(jié)論。

9.destroyed考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由上下文語境可知這是發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填destroyed。

lO.todraw考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，此處用動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的。故填todrawo

B

AlbertEinstein,ageniuswellknownforthetheoryofrelativity,isuniversallyconsideredthegreatestscientist

inmodernphysics.Born]14March1879,EinsteintriedtoenteruniversityinSwitzerlandwhenhe

was16,butfailedduetohislowscoresinthegeneralpartofthe2(enter)exam,thoughhedid

succeedinobtainingexceptionalscoresinmathsandphysics.Itwasin18963hemanagedtopass

theexam.While4(work)intheSwisspatentoffice,hecontinuedtostudyandearneda5

(doctor)inphysicsin1905.Fouryearslaterhequitthejoband6(commit)himselftofull-time

researchatauniversity.In1922,hewasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhisexplanationofthe

photoelectriceffect.

Sadly,thegreatgeniushadto7(flee)Germanyin1933,8Hitlercametopower

andJewswerepersecuted(迫害)、AfterspendingtimeinEurope,hefinallytookup9positionasa

researcherattheInstitutefbrAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA.Andhecontinuedtomakegreat10

(achieve)inphysicsandmathematics.

【答案及詳解】

l.on考查介詞。有具體日期的時(shí)間前面要用on。

2.entrance考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。theentranceexam意為“入學(xué)考試"，entrance在此處為名詞作定語。

3.that考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。句意；是在1896年他設(shè)法通過了考試。此處Itwas...that為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語。

4.working考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。Whileworking…為狀語從句的省略，省略了主語和be動(dòng)詞，補(bǔ)充完整為While

hewasworking...o

5.doctorate考查名詞。由設(shè)空處前的冠詞a可知此處應(yīng)用名詞，doctorate意為“博士學(xué)位”。

6.committed考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句子中時(shí)間狀語Fouryearslater及上下文語境可知應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。此

題注意不要受quil的干擾，quil的過去式，過去分詞有兩種：quit/quittedo

7.flee考查動(dòng)詞的形式。havetodosth.意為“不得不做某事”。故填flee。

8.when考查非限制性定語從句。句意：令人悲傷的是，這位偉大的天才1933年不得不離開德國，這一年希

特勒上臺(tái)執(zhí)政，猶太人受到迫害。句中的1933為先行詞、設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀

語，故填when。

9.a考查冠詞。句意：在歐洲度過一段時(shí)間之后，他最終在美國普林斯頓高等研究院擔(dān)任研究員的職位。此

處包括固定搭配takeupaposition,意為“擔(dān)任，任職”。

lO.achievements考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和名詞復(fù)數(shù)。achievement作“成就"講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，故填achievementso

;培優(yōu)第二階—拓展培優(yōu)練

?閱讀理解

A

話題人物：核物理女王——吳健雄詞數(shù)：352+142難度：☆☆☆

Knownasthe"FirstLadyofPhysics^^andQueenofNuclear（原子核）Research,Chien-ShiungWuwasborn

inChinain1912andcametotheUnitedStatesin1936totakepartinthedoctorate（博士）programinnuclear

physicsattheUniversityofMichigan.AfterlearningthatwomenweredisrespectedattheUniversityofMichigan,

sheinsteadchosetogototheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkley.

DuringherearlierlifeinChina,shehadbeenanoutstandingstudentwhoseloveoflearninghadbeen

encouragedbyherfather.BythetimeshearrivedintheUnitedStates,shehadalreadystoodoutinher

undergraduateacademicworkandlaterduringpost-graduateresearch.AtBerkley,shebenefitedfromworkingwith

someofthetopphysicistsinthecountryatthattime.AfteroneyearatBerkley,shereceivedascholarship（獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金）

toCaltech.Shecompletedherdoctoratein1940andmovedtotheeastcoast.Unabletofindaresearchpositionata

university,WubecameaphysicsinstructoratPrincetonUniversityandatSmithCollege.In1944,shejoinedthe

ManhattanProjectwhereshebeganworkonbetadecayanduraniumenrichment.

Duringthe1960*8,whileatColumbiaUniversity,WubeganworkingwithtwootherChineseAmerican

scientists,Tsung-DaoLeeandChenNingYangconductingresearchinthefieldofparticlephysics.Wudeveloped

anexperimentdisproving（反駁）ahypotheticalphysicallawcalledtheconversationofparity.TheWuExperiment

smoothedthewayforhertwocolleaguestoearntheNobelPrize,anawardforwhichshewasoverlooked,she

believed,becausesheisawoman.In1978,herworkwasfinallyrecognizedwhenshereceivedtheWolfPrize,a

$100,000internationalawardgiventoartistsandscientistsforachievementsintheinterestofmankindandfriendly

relationsamongpeople...nomatterwhathisnationality,race,color,religion,sexorpoliticalviewsare.

Shecontinuedadvancingherworkinnuclearphysicsformanyyearsandlaterjoinedinprotectingwomen's

rights.Shediedin1997fromastroke.

1.WhydidWuchangetostudyattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkley?

A.Sheneededtojoinaprogram.B.Shewantedtobetreatedequally.

C.Shecouldlearnphysicsfurther.D.Shecouldgetthedoctorateeasily.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutWufromParagraph2?

A.Shehadagoodperformanceinstudy.B.ShecarriedoutnuclearresearchinChina.

C.Shecouldn'tfindherpositionatuniversity.D.ShewasthefirstfemaletojointheProject.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“overlooked“inparagraph3mean?

A.Accepted.B.Criticized.

C.Praised.D.Removed.

4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWuasascientist?

A.Gifted.B.Responsible.

C.Devoted.D.Creative.

【答案】BADC

【文章大意】文章主要介紹了被譽(yù)為“物理學(xué)第一夫人'’及"核物理女王”的物理學(xué)家吳健雄的信息，受教育經(jīng)

歷以及取得的學(xué)術(shù)成就。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“AfterlearningthatwomenweredisrespectedattheUniversityofMichigan,she

insteadchosetogototheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkley.（在得知密歇根大學(xué)不尊重女性后，她轉(zhuǎn)而選擇了加州

大學(xué)伯克利分校）”可知，吳健雄選擇在加州大學(xué)伯克利分校學(xué)習(xí)的原因是她希望得到平等對(duì)待。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“DuringherearlierlifeinChina,shehadbeenanoutstandingstudentwhoseloveof

learninghadbeenencouragedbyherfather.BythetimeshearrivedintheUnitedStates,shehadalreadystoodout

inherundergraduateacademicworkandlaterduringpost-graduateresearch.AtBerkley,shebenefitedfrom

workingwithsomeofthetopphysicistsinthecountryatthattime.（在中國的早期生活中，她是一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，

她對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的熱愛得到了父親的鼓勵(lì)。當(dāng)她到達(dá)美國時(shí)，她已經(jīng)在本科學(xué)術(shù)工作中脫穎而出，后來又在研究

生研究中脫穎而出。在伯克利大學(xué)，她從與當(dāng)時(shí)國內(nèi)頂尖物理學(xué)家的合作中受益匪淺）''可推斷出，吳健雄學(xué)

習(xí)成績(jī)很好。

3.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“TheWuExperimentsmoothedthewayforhertwocolleaguestoeanithe

NobelPrize（吳健雄的實(shí)驗(yàn)為她的兩位同事獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)鋪平了道路）”和下文“becausesheisawoman（因?yàn)樗?/p>

是一個(gè)女人）”可知,吳健雄和兩個(gè)同事合作，她的兩個(gè)同事獲得了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng),結(jié)合劃線單詞所在句子“anaward

forwhichshewasoverlooked（一個(gè)她被的獎(jiǎng)）“可推知，吳健雄和兩名男性同事一起合作，但是兩名同事

獲得了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，而她因?yàn)槭桥?，所以被忽?沒有獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，由此可知，劃線單詞“overlooked”意

為“忽略，不考慮“，與D項(xiàng)"Removed』除去）”意思相近。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Shecontinuedadvancingherworkinnuclearphysicsformanyyearsandlater

joinedinprotectingwomen飛rights.（她多年來一?直致力于核物理研究，后來加入了保護(hù)婦女權(quán)利的行列）''可

知，作為一個(gè)科學(xué)家，吳健雄是一個(gè)全心全意獻(xiàn)身于科學(xué)的科學(xué)家。

B

話題人物：科學(xué)家-----RichardPhillipsFeynman詞數(shù)：294+168難度：☆☆☆

Sometimesapersonwhothinksinanunusualwaycanlookattheworldfromadifferentpointofview.Such

wasRichardPhillipsFeynman,arolemodelchangemaker.Bomin1918,hebeganshowingsomeunusual

qualities.

ThefirstsignofFeynman'suniquequalitieswasthathehadn'tyetspokenbyagethree.ButyoungFeynman

showedatalentformathandengineering.Heenjoyedrepairinghouseholdobjects,andbuiltasimplelaboratoryin

hisroom.Bythetimehewasinhighschool,hewasexperimentingthingswhichwereonlytaughttocollege

students.

AfterRichardFeynmangraduatedfromhighschoolin1939,hestudiedattheMIT.Despitethefactthathis

gradesinscienceandmathwere“thebestthatwe'veseen,^^accordingtoPrinceton,hewasalmostrejecteddueto

hisverypoorgradesinwritingandhisJewishreligion.Finally,hewasacceptedandcontinuedtostudyphysicsat

PrincetonwherehegothisPhD.Hislecturesattractedmanygreatscientistsofthetime,includingAlbertEinstein.

AtPrinceton,Feynmanbeganhismostfamouswork:hisworkonnuclearweapons.Hemovedtoalabandnot

allofhisworktherehasbeenreleasedtothepublic,butweknowheperformedexperimentsrelatedtouranium.

Afterthewar,FeynmantaughtatCornellUniversity,wherehecontinuedhisstudies.Hewasalsoawardedthe

NobelPrizeforhisworkinparticlephysics.

Then,in1978,Feynmandevelopedcanceranddiedayearlater.ThoughFeynmanandhisworkarehonored

byphysicistsacrosstheworld,hispersonalqualitiesandskillsarewhatreallymakeshimunique.Facedwithallthe

challenges,henevergaveup,doingworkthatheloveduntilthedayhedied.

5.WhatdoweknowaboutRichardPhillipsFeynmanfromthetext?

A.YoungFeynmanshowedhistalentineveryfield.

B.FeynmanwontheNobelPrizeafterthewarended.

C.YoungFeynmanenjoyedmanaginghouseholdalot.

D.Feynmanwasdiagnosedwithcanceranddiedattheageof60.

6.WhywasFeynmanadmittedbyPrinceton?

A.BecausehewasaJewish.

B.BecausehegraduatedfromtheMIT.

C.Becausehewasverygiftedinmathandscience.

D.Becausehislectureattractedmanygreatscientists.

7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeRichardFeynman?

A.Selflessandfriendly.B.Talentedandstubborn.

C.Intelligentanddevoted.D.Strong-willedandhumorous.

8.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

A.RichardFeynman'sUnusualQualitiesB.RichardFeynman—ARespectedScientist

C.ATouchingStoryAboutRichardFeynmanD.TheInfluenceofRichardFeynman

【答案】BCCB

【文章大意】文章主要介紹了一位備受尊敬的科學(xué)家RichardPhillipsFeynman,介紹了他的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及取

得的成就。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Afterthewar,FeynmantaughtatCornellUniversity,wherehecontinuedhisstudies.

HewasalsoawardedtheNobelPrizeforhisworkinparticlephysics.（戰(zhàn)后，費(fèi)曼在康奈爾大學(xué)任教，繼續(xù)他的

學(xué)業(yè)。他還因在粒子物理學(xué)方面的工作而獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)）”可知，費(fèi)曼是在戰(zhàn)后獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Despitethefactthathisgradesinscienceandmathwere"thebestthatwe,ve

seen,“accordingtoPrinceton,hewasalmostrejectedduetohisverypoorgradesinwritingandhisJewish

religion』盡管他在科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)方面的成績(jī)是“我們見過的最好的”，但根據(jù)普林斯頓大學(xué)的說法，他幾乎被拒

絕，因?yàn)樗趯懽鞣矫娴某煽?jī)很差，以及他的猶太信仰）“可知，費(fèi)曼被普林斯頓錄取是因?yàn)樗跀?shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)

方面很有天賦。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“ButyoungFeynmanshowedatalentformathandengineering.（但年輕的費(fèi)曼在數(shù)

學(xué)和工程方面表現(xiàn)出了天賦）“以及第三段中“Despitethefactthathisgradesinscienceandmathwere"thebest

thatwe'veseen,“accordingtoPrinceton,hewasalmostrejectedduetohisverypoorgradesinwritingandhis

Jewishreligion4盡管他在科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)方面的成績(jī)是“我們見過的最好的”，但根據(jù)普林斯頓大學(xué)的說法，他幾

乎被拒絕，因?yàn)樗趯懽鞣矫娴某煽?jī)很差，以及他的猶太信仰）“可知，他很聰明；結(jié)合第四、五段可看出費(fèi)

曼從普林斯頓大學(xué)讀博到之后工作都致力于研究物理、教授物理。由此可知，RichardFeynman聰明且專注。

8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后——段“Then,in1978,Feynmandevelopedcanceranddiedayearlater.ThoughFeynman

andhisworkarehonoredbyphysicistsacrosstheworld,hispersonalqualitiesandskillsarewhatreallymakeshim

unique.Facedwithallthechallenges,henevergaveup,doingworkthatheloveduntilthedayhedied.（1978年，費(fèi)

曼罹患癌癥，一年后去世。雖然費(fèi)曼和他的工作受到全世界物理學(xué)家的尊敬，但他的個(gè)人品質(zhì)和技能才是

真正讓他與眾不同的。面對(duì)所有的挑戰(zhàn)，他從未放棄，做著他熱愛的工作，直到他去世的那一天）''及下文陳

述可知，作者描述了物理科學(xué)家費(fèi)曼的成長(zhǎng)過程以及偉大成就，在最后一段點(diǎn)出費(fèi)曼的成就舉世矚目，被

全球物理學(xué)家所敬重。山此可知，B選項(xiàng)“理查德?費(fèi)曼——一位受人尊敬的科學(xué)家”最符合文章標(biāo)題。

?七選五

話題人物：科學(xué)家——屠呦呦詞數(shù)：317+111難度：☆☆☆

TuYouyouwasgiventheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2015fordiscoveringanewdrugfor

malaria.SheisthefirstChinesecitizentowinaNobelPrizeinscien