初升高英語(yǔ)暑假銜接第13講 Unit5 Languages Around the World 核心單詞知識(shí)句型（教師版）

第13講Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld目標(biāo)1掌握重點(diǎn)單詞和詞塊的用法。目標(biāo)2認(rèn)識(shí)并運(yùn)用重點(diǎn)句型。核心單詞講解1．nativeadj.本國(guó)的；本地的n．本地人；本國(guó)人用法：benativeto原產(chǎn)于one'snativecountry/land/language某人的祖國(guó)/故鄉(xiāng)/母語(yǔ)beanativeof...……的人；原產(chǎn)于……的動(dòng)物或植物翻譯：以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人，即使他們所講的語(yǔ)言不盡相同，也可以相互理解。NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.2.attituden．態(tài)度；看法；姿態(tài)用法：attitudeto/towards...對(duì)……的態(tài)度/看法have/takea(n)．..attitudeto/towards...對(duì)……持……的態(tài)度/采取……的態(tài)度翻譯：我們每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)積極的人生態(tài)度。Weeachshoulddevelopapositiveattitudetolife.3.demandn．要求；需求vt.強(qiáng)烈要求；需要vi.查問(wèn)用法：bein(great)demand(迫切)需求meetone'sdemands滿足某人的需求demandtodosth.要求做某事demandthat...(should)do...要求……翻譯：經(jīng)理盡最大的努力滿足客戶的需求。Themanagertriestomeettheircustomers'demands.4.basedadj.以(某事)為基礎(chǔ)的；以……為重要部分(或特征)的basicadj.基礎(chǔ)的用法：bebasedon/upon以……為基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù)base...on...以……為基礎(chǔ)翻譯：在我的日記里，我記下了一系列有事實(shí)根據(jù)的事情。Inmydiary,Isetdownaseriesofthingsthatareallbasedonfacts.5.varietyn．(植物、語(yǔ)言等的)變體；異體；多樣化varyvt.&vi.改變；變化用法：avarietyof＝varietiesof種類繁多的varyfrom...to...從……到……不等；在……到……之間變動(dòng)翻譯：在業(yè)余時(shí)間，我喜歡參加各種球類運(yùn)動(dòng)。Inmyfreetime,I'dliketotakepartinavarietyofballgames.6.descriptionn．描寫(文字)；形容describevt.描述；形容；描繪用法：beyonddescription無(wú)法形容；難以描述翻譯：很難形容我現(xiàn)在的感受。ItisdifficulttodescribehowIfeelnow.7.meansn．方式；方法；途徑用法：bythismeans通過(guò)這種方法bymeansof用……辦法；借助……bynomeans決不，一點(diǎn)也不(位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)翻譯：處境困難時(shí)絕對(duì)不能放棄。Bynomeanscanyougiveupwhenyouareintrouble.8.regardn．尊重；關(guān)注vt.把……視為；看待用法：regard/consider...as...認(rèn)為……是……with/inregardtosth.關(guān)于某事翻譯：我認(rèn)為Tom是我最好的朋友。IregardTomasmybestfriends.關(guān)于你的建議，我們將充分討論。Inregardtohissuggestions,weshalldiscussthemfully.9.appreciatevt.欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會(huì)vi.增值appreciationn.欣賞；感激用法：appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing重視/感激……Iwouldappreciateitif...假如……，我將不勝感激翻譯：如果你考慮我的建議我將感激不盡。I'dappreciateitifyoucouldtakemysuggestionsintoconsideration.10．strugglen．&vi.斗爭(zhēng)；奮斗；搏斗用法：strugglefor努力爭(zhēng)取……；為……而斗爭(zhēng)struggleagainst/with與……作斗爭(zhēng)struggletodosth.努力做某事翻譯：為了更好的提升自我，我必須和各種各樣的困難作斗爭(zhēng)。Ihavetostrugglewithallkindsofdifficultiestobetterimprovemyself.11.equaln．同等的人；相等物；adj.相同的；同樣的equallyadv.同樣地；平等地用法：beequalto等于beequaltosth./doingsth.勝任(做)某事withoutequal無(wú)人可比，無(wú)敵翻譯：我知道，這會(huì)幫我們實(shí)現(xiàn)黑人和白人平等的夢(mèng)想。Iknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.重點(diǎn)詞塊速記1billionsof數(shù)以十計(jì)的；大量的2benativeto源于...的；原產(chǎn)于3developagoodattitudetolife樹(shù)立良好的生活態(tài)度4makereference參考，提及5referto談到，提到；查閱，參考6theeducationsystem教育制度7upsanddowns好運(yùn)和壞運(yùn)的交替；盛衰8thekey/majorfactor關(guān)鍵/重要因素9base...on...以...為基礎(chǔ)10datebackto追溯到；遠(yuǎn)在...年代11Redisasymbolofgoodluck.紅色是好運(yùn)的象征。12differentvarietiesof各類；多種多樣13amajorcourse主修課程14bynomeans決不；一點(diǎn)兒也不15aclassicmistake典型錯(cuò)誤16with/inregardtosth.關(guān)于某事17cartooncharacters卡通人物18aglobalvillage地球村19internationalaffairs國(guó)際事務(wù)20appreciatethesignificanceofsth.理解某事的意義21I;dappreciateitif...不勝感激22appreciativeapplause贊賞的掌聲23aspecificgoal明確的目標(biāo)24strugglefor/todosth.努力做某事25biteone’stongue保持緘默；忍住不說(shuō)26pointofview觀點(diǎn)；看法27thefallsemester秋季學(xué)期28narrowthegap縮小差距29meet/satisfythedemand滿足需求30demanding要求高的；要求嚴(yán)格的31enlarge/expandone’svocabulary擴(kuò)大詞匯量32beyonddescription難以描述；難以形容重點(diǎn)句型剖析1．while作并列連詞Sweetmeatsarecandieswhilesweetbreads,whicharen'tsweet,aremeat.蜜餞是糖果，而胰臟不是甜的，是肉。2．thereasonwhy...Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.(P62)有許多原因使之成為可能，但其中一個(gè)主要因素就是漢字書(shū)寫體系。3．It/This/Thatis/wasatimewhen...Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.歷經(jīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展，這個(gè)體系發(fā)展成了不同的形式，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)人們因地勢(shì)而分散，從而形成了許多不同的方言和文字。4．beof＋抽象名詞ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.這一書(shū)寫體系對(duì)于團(tuán)結(jié)中華民族和中華文化具有重要意義。5．“nomatter＋特殊疑問(wèn)詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.即使在今天，不管住在哪里，也不管說(shuō)著何種方言，中國(guó)人都仍能通過(guò)書(shū)寫(文字)進(jìn)行交流。6．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)I'vebeenstudyingEnglishsinceprimaryschool.我從小學(xué)就在學(xué)英語(yǔ)了?？键c(diǎn)一、核心單詞語(yǔ)法填空There'sanincreaseddemandorganicproducethesedays.Thisreportofferedthemostspecificandaccurate（describe）oftheproblems.Bytheway,wouldyoumind（take）theparceltothepostofficeformenow?Standardsinhealthcarehaveimprovedenormouslycompared40yearsago.Welivedinanagethedevelopmentofsinceandtechnologyisfasterthaneverbefore.Themoreairthereisinsidethetyre,the（great）pressurethereisinit.Londonisfullofhomelesspeople（beg）inthestreets.Ididn’tthinkIcouldevergetusedto（live）inabigcityafterlivinginthecountry.9.Youcantellfromhisblueeyesthatheisn'tnativeChina.10.Theartisthaspaintedthescenefrom（variety）viewpoints.11.IwanttomajorbiologybecauseIhavelongwonderedabouttheoriginoflife.12.Thewholeworldisconnectedcomputersanditisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.13.I'dappreciateifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.15.Holdingapositiveattitudelifecangiveyoustrengthwhenyou'reintrouble.15.Earthquakesitesshouldberegardedasadmemoryratherthanatooltobringinmoney.16.Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers（give）tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.1.for2.description3.taking4.to/with5.when6.greater7.begging8.living9to10.various11.in12.by13.it14.to/towards15.as16.hasgiven考點(diǎn)二、重點(diǎn)詞塊選詞填空referto,upsanddowns,bebasedon,anincreasingnumberof,nomatterwhen,playanimportantrolein,avarietyof,datebackto,payattentionto,bymeansof,Inhisspeech,hearecenttriptoCanada.Hospitalsinthehealthcaresystem.Yourgradewillfourpapersandafinalexam.Thehistoryofhockeycanthousandsofyearsago.TherearetouristattractionsandhistoricalsitesinChina.Youneedtohowyoubehavebothinpublicandprivate.Imeethim,heisalwayswearingthatoldhat.moderntechnologyweareabletocommunicatewitheachotherinstantly.Thecourseoflifeneverrunssmoothlyforitisfullofandtwistsandturns.BikesharinghassweptacrossChina,withpeoplechoosingbikeridinginsteadofdriving.1.referredto2.playanimportantrolein3.bebasedon4.datebackto5.avarietyof6.payattentionto7.Nomatterwhen8.Bymeansof9.upsanddowns10.anincreasingnumberof閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics1arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane

2（view）asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.ButCobbandothers3（be）nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,and4（change）theirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,5（rough）200academics-manyofthemclimatescientists6（promise）toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak7shecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree-quartersof8time,theyagreed.Whentheanswer,wasno,she,declinedthe9（invite）.ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans10（continue）thepractice."Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding.",shesays,"areallypositivechange."【答案】1．who/that2．isviewed/hasbeenviewed3．a(chǎn)re4．changing5．roughly6．havepromised7．whether/if8．the9．invitation10．tocontinue【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一個(gè)由學(xué)者團(tuán)體發(fā)行的實(shí)踐，目的是為了減少學(xué)術(shù)飛行以應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化危機(jī)。1．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：亞特蘭大佐治亞科技研究院的教授KimCobb是一個(gè)少數(shù)但是不斷增加的少數(shù)學(xué)者中的一員，因?yàn)闅夂蜃兓?，他們正在削減他們的飛機(jī)旅行。名詞academics后為定語(yǔ)從句且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞替代，故填that/who。2．考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：對(duì)科學(xué)家而言，旅行去參加會(huì)議、講座、工作室之類的地方來(lái)相聚并交流信息這件事被視為是重要的。描述人們普遍認(rèn)知的事情用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此處也可以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)人們從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的認(rèn)知，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)與主謂之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填isviewed或hasbeenviewed。3．考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：但是現(xiàn)在Cobb和其他人正在質(zhì)疑那個(gè)想法，推動(dòng)會(huì)議提供更多遠(yuǎn)程參加的機(jī)會(huì)以及為了盡自己的能力來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化危機(jī)，他們正在改變他們的個(gè)人行為。根據(jù)句意可知，此處也應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，故填are。4．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：但是現(xiàn)在Cobb和其他人正在質(zhì)疑那個(gè)想法，推動(dòng)會(huì)議提供更多遠(yuǎn)程參加的機(jī)會(huì)以及為了盡自己的能力來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化危機(jī)，他們正在改變他們的個(gè)人行為。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處and連接并列的動(dòng)詞questioning和change，故填changing。5．考查副詞。句意：例如，在一個(gè)叫“無(wú)飛行科學(xué)家”的網(wǎng)站上，自從兩年前成立以來(lái)，大約有200個(gè)學(xué)者，他們中很多人承諾盡可能少飛行。此處修飾數(shù)字用副詞roughly“粗略地大約”，故填roughly。6．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：例如，在一個(gè)叫“無(wú)飛行科學(xué)家”的網(wǎng)站上，自從兩年前成立以來(lái)，大約有200個(gè)學(xué)者，他們中很多人承諾盡可能少飛行。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“since+過(guò)去時(shí)間”可知主句應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填havepromised。7．考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：對(duì)于她的出席，Cobb開(kāi)始詢問(wèn)邀請(qǐng)她的組織者是否可以遠(yuǎn)程進(jìn)行。顯然ask后面出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合語(yǔ)境，故填whether或if。8．考查冠詞。句意：大約有四分之三的時(shí)間，他們同意了。此處特指Cobb詢問(wèn)的時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)，故填the。9．考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)答案是否定的時(shí)候，她拒絕了那個(gè)邀請(qǐng)。此處需填入名詞作動(dòng)詞decline的賓語(yǔ)，故填invitation。10．考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：他打算繼續(xù)這個(gè)實(shí)踐。動(dòng)詞plan后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式，plantodosth“計(jì)劃做”，故填tocontinue。閱讀理解Passage1（2023秋·湖南·高一長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)校考期中）Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊狀物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.＂Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,＂sheexplains,＂Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.＂JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂1．Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A．Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B．Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C．Theycanconsumeplastics.D．Theywindupinlandfills.2．AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A．identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB．findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC．confirmtheresearchfindingsD．increasethebreakdownspeed3．Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A．helptoraisewormsB．helpmakeplasticbagsC．beusedtocleantheoceansD．beproducedinfactoriesinfuture4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B．Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C．Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D．Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．C【分析】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一種吃塑料的蟲(chóng)子大蠟螟，它胃中的酶能夠降解塑料，這為解決塑料污染提供了新的途徑。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.可知，研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，蠕蟲(chóng)分解日常食物的能力讓它們可以分解塑料，也就是說(shuō)它們可以消費(fèi)塑料。故選C。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原因，查明這種酶來(lái)源于哪里，是蟲(chóng)子自己產(chǎn)生的還是它腸道里的微生物產(chǎn)生的。故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂可以推斷出，Bertocchini希望這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)將來(lái)能在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中使用，而不是僅僅依靠蠕蟲(chóng)來(lái)分解塑料。故選D。4．寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.可知，有一種新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂可知，Bertocchini希望將這種方法推廣到工業(yè)中。由此可以推知寫作意圖為介紹一種分解塑料的方法。故選C。點(diǎn)睛：根據(jù)不同文體，推斷目的意圖。不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的，通常作者的寫作目的有以下三種：1)toentertainreaders（娛樂(lè)讀者，讓人發(fā)笑），常見(jiàn)于故事類的文章。2)topersuadereaders（說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)），常見(jiàn)于廣告類的文章。3)toinformreaders（告知讀者某些信息），多見(jiàn)于科普類﹑新聞報(bào)道類﹑文化類或社會(huì)類的文章。閱讀時(shí)要善于根據(jù)文章的文體來(lái)學(xué)會(huì)推斷作者的情感態(tài)度和目的。本題的最后一題為寫作意圖題。文章為說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)---蠕蟲(chóng)可以分解塑料。因此可以推著寫作意圖是告知、告訴讀者一種新的分解塑料的方法。Passag22(河南省鄭州外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校2022-2023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中)Happinessisnotawarmphone,accordingtoanewstudyexploringthelinkbetweenyounglifesatisfactionandscreentime.ThestudywasledbyprofessorofpsychologyJeanM.TwengeatSanDiegoStateUniversity(SDSU).Toresearchthislink,Twenge,alongwithcolleaguesGabrielleMartinatSDSUandW.KeithCampbellattheUniversityofGeorgia,dealtwithdatafromtheMonitoringtheFuture(MtF)study,anationallyrepresentativesurveyofmorethanamillionU.S.8th-,10th-,and12th-graders.ThesurveyaskedstudentsquestionsabouthowoftentheyspenttimeontheirPhones,tabletsandcomputers,aswellasquestionsabouttheirface-to-facesocialinteractionsandtheiroverallhappiness.Onaveragefoundthatteenswhospentmoretimeinfrontofscreendevices—playingcomputergames,usingsocialmedia,textingandvideochatting—werelesshappythanthosewhoinvestedmoretimeinnon-screenactivitieslikesports,readingnewspapersandmagazines,andface-to-facesocialinteractions."Thekeytodigitalmediauseandhappinessislimiteduse,"Twengesaid."Aimtospendnomorethantwohoursadayondigitalmedia,andtrytoincreasetheamountoftimeyouspendseeingfriendsface-to-faceandexercising—twoactivitiesreliablylinkedtogreaterhappiness."Lookingathistoricaltrendsfromthesameagegroupssincethe1990s,it'seasytofindthattheincreaseofscreendevicesovertimehappenedatthesametimeasageneraldrop-offinreportedhappinessinU.S.teens.Specifically,youngpeopledlifesatisfactionandhappinessdeclinedsharplyafter2012.That'stheyearwhenthepercentageofAmericanswhoownedasmartphoneroseabove50percent.Byfarthelargestchangeinteens'livesbetween2012and2016wastheincreaseintheamountoftimetheyspentondigitalmedia,andthefollowingdeclineinin-personsocialactivitiesandsleep.5．WhichmethoddidTwenge'steamuseforthestudy?A．Calculatingstudents'happiness.B．Askingstudentscertainquestions.C．Analyzingdatafromasurvey.D．Doingexperimentsonscreentime.6．Howdoestheauthordevelopthefindingofthestudyinparagraph3?A．Bymakingacomparison.B．Bygivinganexample.C．Bymakinganargument.D．Byintroducingaconcept.7．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Todrawaconclusionfromthestudy.B．Tooffersomeadvicetothereaders.C．Toprovesocialactivities'importance.D．Tosupporttheresearchers'finding.8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．QuittingPhonesEqualsHappinessB．ScreenTimeShouldBeBannedC．Teens'LivesHaveChangedSharplyD．Screen-addictedTeensAreUnhappier【答案】5．C6．A7．D8．D【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)探索年輕人生活滿意度和屏幕時(shí)間之間關(guān)系的新研究表明，幸福不是一部溫暖的手機(jī)，沉迷于屏幕的青少年更不快樂(lè)。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Toresearchthislink,Twenge,alongwithcolleaguesGabrielleMartinatSDSUandW.KeithCampbellattheUniversityofGeorgia,dealtwithdatafromtheMonitoringtheFuture(MtF)study,anationallyrepresentativesurveyofmorethanamillionU.S.8th-,10th-,and12th-graders.(為了研究這一聯(lián)系，特文奇與圣地亞哥州立大學(xué)的加布里埃爾·馬丁和喬治亞大學(xué)的W.KeithCampbell一起處理了來(lái)自“監(jiān)控未來(lái)”（MtF）研究的數(shù)據(jù)，該研究是一項(xiàng)針對(duì)超過(guò)一百萬(wàn)名美國(guó)8年級(jí)、10年級(jí)和12年級(jí)學(xué)生的全國(guó)代表性調(diào)查)”可知，Twenge的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過(guò)分析一項(xiàng)調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)的方式來(lái)進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究。故選C。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Onaveragefoundthatteenswhospentmoretimeinfrontofscreendevices—playingcomputergames,usingsocialmedia,textingandvideochatting—werelesshappythanthosewhoinvestedmoretimeinnon-screenactivitieslikesports,readingnewspapersandmagazines,andface-to-facesocialinteractions.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，花更多時(shí)間在屏幕設(shè)備前的青少年——玩電腦游戲、使用社交媒體、發(fā)短信和視頻聊天——比花更多時(shí)間在非屏幕活動(dòng)（如體育運(yùn)動(dòng)、閱讀報(bào)紙和雜志以及面對(duì)面的社會(huì)互動(dòng)）的青少年更不快樂(lè))”可知，作者是通過(guò)作比較的方式來(lái)闡述研究結(jié)果的。故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Lookingathistoricaltrendsfromthesameagegroupssincethe1990s,it'seasytofindthattheincreaseofscreendevicesovertimehappenedatthesametimeasageneraldrop-offinreportedhappinessinU.S.teens.Specifically,youngpeopledlifesatisfactionandhappinessdeclinedsharplyafter2012.(看看自上世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)同一年齡組的歷史趨勢(shì)，我們很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)屏幕設(shè)備隨著時(shí)間的推移而增加的同時(shí)，美國(guó)青少年報(bào)告的幸福感卻普遍下降。尤其是2012年后，年輕人的生活滿意度和幸福感急劇下降)”可知，最后一段中的這些內(nèi)容主要是為支持研究發(fā)現(xiàn)服務(wù)的。故選D。8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Happinessisnotawarmphone,accordingtoanewstudyexploringthelinkbetweenyounglifesatisfactionandscreentime.(一項(xiàng)探索年輕人生活滿意度和屏幕時(shí)間之間關(guān)系的新研究表明，幸福不是一部溫暖的手機(jī))”及對(duì)研究的具體介紹可知，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——那些沉迷于電子屏幕的青少年明顯更不快樂(lè)。故選D。Passage3(湖北省宜城一中、棗陽(yáng)一中等六校聯(lián)考2022-2023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中)Doyouliketraveling?Manypeoplechoosebackpacking(背著背包徒步旅行)becauseitnotonlyhelpssavealotofmoney,butalsogivesthemanotherkindofexperience.Whenyouareplanningabackpackingadventure,thefirstthingtodoinyouropinionmaybethedecisionontheplaceswhereyouwillvisit.However,itisnotthemostimportantthing.Greatadventureswillmakeyoufacegreatdanger.Soyoushouldnotonlyimaginetheenjoymentyouwillhaveonthetrip,butalsothinkaboutthepossibledangeryoumightface.Makingtravelinsurance(保險(xiǎn))isthemoststaple.Itcanmakesurethatyoustaysafeonthetrip.Soyoushouldbuyabackpackertravelinsurancepolicy(保險(xiǎn)單)beforeyouleave.Backpackerpoliciesarespeciallydesignedtomeetyourneeds,byofferingahighlevelofcoverforalongtimeoftravel.Youcanbuyabackpackerpolicyfromoneweektotwoyearsorlongertime.Thebackpackerinsurancepolicycoversmanyactivitiessuchasswimandski,andprovidesprotection