2022年考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案解析

2022年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（二）試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

①WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwill

obviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,

accordingtoarecentstudyin③Thenewresearchrevealsthat

theneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill2tosatisfytheircuriosity

evenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3

①Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityOf

ChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents,willingnessto4

themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.②Forone

5__,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefrom

apreviousexperiment.(3)Thetwist④Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshock

whenclicked.

①Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;another

twenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.②7leftaloneinthe

room,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepens

andincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8.?Subsequent

experimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundof

fingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.

①Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasic

drivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.

?Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct一itcan12newscientific

advances,forinstance一butsometimessuch13canbackfire.③Theinsight

thatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.

(DUnhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.②Inafinalexperiment,

participantswhowereencouragedto____16___howtheywouldfeelafterviewingan

unpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.③These

resultssuggestthatimaginingthe___18_offollowingthroughonone'scuriosity

aheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.④“Thinking

-2

about1ong-term2C=_iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsof

curiosity,,rHseesays.⑤Inotherwords,don，treadonlinecomments.

1.[A]ignore[B]protect[C]resolve[D]discuss

2.[A]seek：B]refuse[C]wait[D]regret

3.[A]risehurt[C]last[D]mislead

4.[A]expose：B]alert[C]tie[D]treat

5.[A]concept：B]message[C]review[D]trial

6.[A]deliver：B]remove[C]weaken[D]interrupt

7.[A]Unless：B]When[C]If[D]Though

8.[A]change：B]continue[C]happen[D]disappear

9.[A]owingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardless([D]suchas

_Bn

10.[A]disagree-Jdiscover[C]forgive[D]forget

-Bn

11.[A]food-Jpay[C]marriage[D]schooling

12.[A]beginwithBlleadto[C]reston[D]learnfrom

-Bn

13.[A]diligence-Jwithdrawal[C]persistence[D]inquiry

-Bn

14.[A]self-deceptive-Jself-reliant[C]self-destructive[D]self-evident

15.[A]traceBldefine[C]resistMreplace

-Bn

-J

16.[A]conceal-overlook[C]predictMdesign

-Bn

17.[A]pretendJremember：C]promiseMchoose

_Bn

18.[A]outcome_Jrelief[C]plan[D]duty

-Bn

19.[A]where_Jwhy[C]whether[D]how

20.[A]limitations[B]consequences[C]investments[D]strategies

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

①ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustify

hiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.

①M(fèi)r.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.②HeisateacherataNew

Hampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsand

mechanicalmemorization,butpractical.(3)Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthat

studentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterly

overwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain

①AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.?Nothingis

necessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuck

withgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.③Theycanalsolearngeometryby

assemblingabicycle.

①Buthe'salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.?Workingwithyourhands

isseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.?Schoolsinthefamilyofvocational

education“havethatstereotype…thatit'sforkidswhocan'tmakeit

academically,hesays.

①Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica'sevolution.②

Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.③Thejobsecuritythat

theUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.④More

educationisthenewprinciple.⑤Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.

①Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor'sdegreesforall一andthesubtledevaluing

ofanythingless一missesanimportantpoint:That?snottheonlythingtheAmerican

economyneeds.②Yes,abachelor5sdegreeopensmoredoors.(3)Butevennow,54

percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionand

high-skillmanufacturing.④Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.

①Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonits

politicalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericais

vanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.?Thereisagapin

working-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren'tequippedtodo

them.③Koziatek'sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofill

thatgap.

①Koziatek'sschoolisawake-upcall.②Wheneducationbecomesone-size-

fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation，sdiversityofgifts.

21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents?lackof.

[A]practicalability

[B]academictraining

[C]pioneeringspirit

[D]mechanicalmemorization

22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.

[A]haveastereotypedmind

[B]havenocareermotivation

23.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.

[A]usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns

[B]usedtohavemorejobopportunities

[C]arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing

[D]areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges

24.Theheadlongpushintobachelor'sdegreesforall.

[A]helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs

[B]maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

[C]isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce

[D]indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

25.Theauthor'sattitudetowardKoziatek'sschoolcanbedescribedas.

[A]supportive

[B]tolerant

[C]disappointed

[D]cautious

Text2

@Whilefossilfuels一coal,oil,gas一stillgenerateroughly85percentofthe

world'senergysupply,it'sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewable

sourcessuchaswindandsolar.②Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaround

theworld:Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.

①Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinesses

tofundcleanerenergysources.②Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummeting

pricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.(3)Thecostofsolarpanelshas

droppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepast

eightyears.

①Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.

②InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95

percentofhomes.③Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaand

Europe,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.④InMarch,forthefirst

time,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergenerated

intheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.

①PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels一especiallycoal一asthepathto

economicgrowth.(2)InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasan

unreliableenergysource.(3)ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,

wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate'selectricity

generation一andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbythe

availabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.

①Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn'tbloworthesundoesn't

shine〃hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.②Butaboostinthestorage

capacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclock

morelikely.

①Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbig

betsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.?Althoughelectriccarsarestilla

rarityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyin

comingyears.

①Whilethere,salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.

②Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup一perhapsjustin

timetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.(3)WhatWashingtondoes

一ordoesn'tdo一topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeof

aglobalshiftinthought.

26.Theword“plummeting”(Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]rising

[B]falling

[C]changing

[D]stabilizing

27.AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica.

[A]isasextensiveasinEurope

[B]isprogressingnotably

[C]hasprovedtobeimpractical

[D]facesmanychallenges

28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.

[A]windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels

[B]thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply

[C]techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy

[D]windisawidelyusedenergysource

29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&

6

[A]Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.

[B]Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.

30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy.

[A]isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

[B]isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost

[C]willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries

[D]willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange

Text3

①Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing

一AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoods

for$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquirethe

WhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn,thaveanyphysicalproductatall.②What

WhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers?

friendshipsandsociallives.

①FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphone

numberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedeal

wentthrough.②Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwho

sentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.③Whatpolitical

journalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroups

inwhichTheresaMay'senemiesarecurrentlyplotting④Itmaybethatthevalue

ofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsof

whichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.

?Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.

Butitisclumsy.②Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchange

withinthedigitaleconomy.(3)Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedied

itmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.④

Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.⑤Competitionlawaspresently

interpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobvious

whentheusersoftheseservicesdon'tpayforthem.⑥Theusersoftheirservices

arenottheircustomers.⑦Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem

一andFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingto

thedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.

①Theproductthey'resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivesto

dataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.②Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalled

aphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedata

thatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphids

feed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofourinboxes.(3)Itdoesn,tfeellikeahuman

ordemocraticrelationship,evenifbothsidesbenefit.

31.AccordingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits.

[A]digitalproducts

[B]qualityservice

[C]physicalassets

[D]userinformation

32.LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay.

[A]posearisktoFacebookusers

[B]misleadtheEuropeancommission

[C]worsenpoliticaldisputes

[D]messupcustomerrecords

33.Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw.

[A]shouldservethenewmarketpowers

[B]mayworsentheeconomicimbalance

[C]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket

[D]shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution

34.CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusers

because.

[A]theyarenotfinanciallyreliable

[B]theyarenotdefinedascustomers

[C]theservicesaregenerallydigital

[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers

35.Theantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate.

[A]atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiants

[B]awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants

[C]thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants'customers

[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers

Text4

①Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorof

聞WikRies￡rRftsdSUESSinaDsbsdedWiijrecommendsbuildinga

habitof“deepwork”—theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.

①Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork一beitlengthy

retreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga

“journalistic〃approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughout

theday.?Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeand

sticktoit.

?Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling“tocombatconstantinterruptions

andgetmoredoneinlesstime.②"Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepwork

scheduledforroughlythenextmonth.(3)0nceonthecalendar,Iprotectthistime

likeIwouldadoctor,sappointmentorimportantmeeting,hewrites.

?Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyou

prioritiseyourday一inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.②TimHarford,

authorof癡&Rxr(f瓜曲t)br￡mOr泌pointstoastudyin

theearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedto

setoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesand

goldsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.

①Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewel1-structureddailyplanswouldbe

mosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetailed

dailyplansdemotivatedstudents.?Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractions

oftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisation

insuchalistcanreapthebestresults.

①Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembrace

downtime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.〃

①uIdlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensable

tothebrainasvitaminDistothebody*[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary

togettinganyworkdone,〃heargues.

(DSriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,

believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybedueto

thewayourbrainsoperate.②Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedand

unfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.

①“Whatpeopledon'trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneed

touseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain,〃saysPillay.

36.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto.

[A]listyourimmediatetasks

[B]makespecificdailyplans

[C]keeptoyourfocustime

[D]seizeeveryminutetowork

37.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat.

[A]dailyschedulesareindispensabletostudying

[B]studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoals

[C]detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected

[D]distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiency

38.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis.

[A]anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork.

[B]aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy

[C]amajorcontributortophysicalhealth

[D]adesirablementalstateforbusypeople

39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrains?shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused.

[A]canresultinpsychologicalwell-being

[B]canbringaboutgreaterefficiency

[C]isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork

[D]isdrivenbytaskurgency

40.Thistextismainlyabout.

[A]thekeytoeliminatingdistractions

[B]thecauseofthelackoffocustime

[C]waystorelievethetensionofbusylife

[D]approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemost

suitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs

(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

A.stsayit

B.epresent

C.kipthesmalltalk

D.skforanopinion

E.indthe“metoos

F.me,places,things

G.yauniquecompliment

Fivewaystomakeconversationwithanyone

Conversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanew

personalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwill

strengthenthelink.

Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeople

atworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththem

willformalink.

Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveandstartaconversation

withstrangers.

41.______________________

Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon，tknowandsomethingwithinyou

says“Iwanttotalkwiththisperson”—thisissomethingthatmostlyhappenswith

allofus.Youwantedtosaysomething一thefirstword一butitjustwon，tcomeout,

itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere.Iknowthefeelingandhereismyadvice:just

getitout.

Justthink:whatistheworstthatcouldhappenTheywon，ttalkwithyouWell,

theyarenottalkingwithyounow!

Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljust

flow.Sokeepitsimple:"Hi〃,"Hey〃or“Hello”—dothebestyoucantogather

alloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsay"Hi〃.

42.______________________

It'saproblemallofusface;youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyou

wanttotalkwithandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable.

Honestly,ifwegotstuckintherutof"hi〃,"hello”,"howareyou”and

“what'sgoingon〃,youwillfailtogivetheinitialjolttotheconversationthat

canmakeitsomemorable.

Sodon51beafraidtoaskmorepersonalquestions.Trustme,you'11besurprised

toseehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.

43.______________________

Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,makeanefforttofindthethingswhich

youandthatpersonhaveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthat

point.Whenyoustartconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards,you'11find

-11

allofasuddenthattheconversationbecomesaloteasier.

44.______________________

Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandtheyarejustbusyontheir

phone,andifyouaskfortheirattentionyougettheresponse“Icanmultitask”.

Sowhensomeonetriestocommunicatewithyou,justbeinthatcommunication

wholeheartedly.Makeeyecontact.Trustme,eyecontactiswhereallthemagichappens.

Whenyoumakeeyecontact,youcanfeeltheconversation.

45.______________________

Youallcameintoaconversationwhereyoufirstmettheperson,butaftersome

timeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirname.Isn'tthatawkward!

So,rememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith;perhaps

theplacestheyhavebeento,theplacestheywanttogo,thethingstheylike,the

thingstheyhate一whateveryoutalkabout.

Whenyouremembersuchthingsyoucanautomaticallybecomeinvestorintheir

wellbeing.Sotheyfeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepthatrelationshipgoing.

That5sit.Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversationwithalmostanyone.

Everypersonisareallygoodbooktoread,ortohaveaconversationwith!

SectionHITranslation

46.Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Afifthgradergetsahomeworkassignmenttoselecthisfuturecareerpathfrom

alistofoccupations.Heticks“astronaut“butquicklyadds“scientist〃tothe

listandselectsitaswell.Theboyisconvincedthatifhereadsenough,hecan

exploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes.Andsohereads一everythingfrom

encyclopediastosciencefictionnovels.Hereadssopassionatelythathisparents

havetoinstitutea“noreadingpolicy"atthedinnertable.

ThatboywasBillGates,andhe