2023年考研英語(yǔ)真題試卷

2023年碩士入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試試題（英語(yǔ)二）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobea

goodparentisundoubtedlyvery_1—,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleof

parenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,—2一,ayounger

sibling.

―3_,there'sanothersortofparentthat'sabiteasierto_4—:apatientparent.Childrenofeveryage

benefitfrompatientparenting.Still,—5—everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy_6—.Sometimes

parentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina_7—andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.I

understandthis.

You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan_8_youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe_9_happens:

Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo_10—anddoesnobody

anygood.Youwishthatyoucould_11_theclockandstartover.We'veallbeenthere.

—12_2eventhoughifscommon,it'simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcan

saysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay_13_foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyour

relationshipwithyourchildbutalso_14—yourchild'sselfesteem.

Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour_15_withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotional

controlforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe_16—ofmodelingtoleranceandpatience

fortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionally

regulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen_17_bystressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife'sskills.

Certainly,it'sincredibly_18_tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourchildren.Amorepracticalgoalis

totry,tothebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith_19_situations

involvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildren

willbenefitand_20—fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.

1.AtediousBpleasantCinstructiveDtricky

2.AinadditionBforexampleCatonceDbyaccident

3.AfortunatelyBoccasionallyCaccordinglyDeventually

4.AamuseBassistCdescribeDtrain

5.AwhileBbecauseCunlessDonce

6.AanswerBtaskCchoiceDaccess

7.AtolerantBformalCrigidDcritical

8.AmoveBdragCpushDsend

9.AmysteriousBillogicalCsuspiciousDinevitable

10.AboringBnaiveCharshDvague

11.AturnbackBtakeapartCsetasideDcoverup

12.AoverallBinsteadChoweverDotherwise

13.AlikeBmissCbelieveDregret

14.AraiseBaffectCjustifyDreflect

15.AtimeBbondCraceDcool

16.AnatureBsecretCimportanceDcontext

17.AcheatedBdefeatedCconfusedDconfronted

18.AterribleBhardCstrangeDwrong

19.AtryingBchangingCexcitingDsurprising

20.AhideBemergeCwithdrawDescape

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssothatcanidentifyfriendsto

cooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnatthe

UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsformrobotic

rats.

Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandoneasocial-for5ourdays.The

robotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomove

aroundandcolorfulmarkings.

Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,and

openedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsand

backwardsandsidetoside

Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethemby

pressingalever.

Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethan

theasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhave

bondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploringandplaying.This

couldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhen

theygettrapped,saysQuinn.

Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassuiprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwas

thesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels.^We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveita

movingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn"t

necessary,“saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.

Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,

childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals."We

humansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,“saysWiles.

21.Quinandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan

[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats

[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone

[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining

[D]sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow

22.Whatdidtheasocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?

[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.

[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.

[C]Itsetthetrappedratsfree.

[D]Itmovedaroundalone.

23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey

[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape

|B]expectedittodothesameinreturn

[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence

[D]consideredthataninterestinggame

24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats

[A]canrememberotherrat'sfacialfeatures

[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes

[C]respondmoretocationsthantolooks

[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels

25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats

[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings

[B]aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals

C]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing

[D]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected

Text2

ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,and

sincethemid-1970sCEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneup

byabout500%ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesaboutSI8.9millionayear.

ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwhere

businessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%have

beenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It*snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhas

goneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.

Today'sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymereskillsthansimplybeingableto“run

thecompany"CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtrade

inthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipup

canbesignificant.Thenthere'sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthanever

before,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledge

thatisfairlymind-bogglingplus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebeyondthismajorCEOsstillhaveto

doalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.

ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn'texplainhistoryverywell.By

mostmeasures,corporategovernancehasbecomealottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.Yetitis

principallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovernancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisin

thebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs.”

Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,another

signthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseoftherestofthecompany.Andthestock

marketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildup

corporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.

26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?

[A]Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations

[B]Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy

[C]Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms

[D]Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies

27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today'sCEOsarerequiredto

[A]fosterastrongersenseofteamwork

[B]financemoreresearchanddevelopment

[C]establishclosertieswithtechcompanies

[D]operatemoreglobalizedcompanies

28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite

[A]continualinternalopposition

[B]strictcorporategovernance

[C]conservativebusinessstrategies

[D]Repeatedgovernmentwarnings

29.HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps

[A]confirmthestatusofCEOs

[B]motivateinsidecandidates

[C]boosttheefficiencyofCEOs

[D]increasecoiporatevalue

30.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe

[A]CEOsAreNotOverpaid

[B]CEOPay:PastandPresent

[C]CEOs'challengesofToday

|D]CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine

Text3

MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledoutambitiousrestrictionsonthe

mostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectiondaylater,anewconservativecitycouncilsuspended

enforcementofthecleanairzone,afirststeptowarditspossibledemise.

MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothezoneacentrepieceofhiselectioncampaign,

despiteitssuccessinimprovingairquality.Ajudgehasnowoverruledthecity'sdecisiontostoplevyingfines,

orderingthemreinstated.Butwithlegalbattlesahead,thezone'sfuturelooksuncertainatbest.

Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhenlefttotackledirtyairontheirownare

politicallycontentious,andthereforevulnerable.Thatsbecausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairon

toindividualdrivers-whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles一ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhose

cheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.

It*snothardtoimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenewultra-lowemissionzone(Ulez)is

likelytobeabigissueinnextyear'smayoralelection.AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthand

SouthCircularroadsin2023asheintends,itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberof

motoristswhowillthenbeaffected.

It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon'sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.Localofficialsareusingtheleversthat

areavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents*healthinthefaceofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversome

improvementstoairquality,andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealthbenefits-fewerheartattacks,strokes

andprematurebirths,lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimelydeaths.

Butmayorsandcouncillorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbiggerthananyonecityortown.

Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments-BritainsandothersacrossEurope-havefailedtodoso.

Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertainareas-citycenters,schoolstreets1',evenindividual

roads-arearesponsetotheabsenceofalargerefforttoproperlyenforceexistingregulationsandrequireauto

companiestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance.Waleshasintroducedspeciallowspeedlimitstominimise

pollution.We'redoingeverythingbutinsistthatmanufacturerscleanuptheircars.

31.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid'scleanairzone?

[A]Itseffectsarequestionable

[B]Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge

[C]Itneedstougherenforcement

[D]Itsfateisyettobedecided

32.Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirtyair?

[A]Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.

|B]Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.

[C]Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.

D]Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.

33.TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon'sUlezwill.

[A]arousestrongresistance.

[B]ensureKhan'selectoralsuccess.

[C]improvethecitystraffic.

[D]discouragecarmanufacturing.

34.Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem?

[A]Localresidents

[B]Mayors.

[C]Councilors.

[D]Nationalgovernments.

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies.

[A]willraiselow-emissioncarproduction

[B]shouldbeforcedtofollowregulations

[C]willupgradethedesignoftheirvehicles

[D]shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision

Text4

NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspringthemostcommonly-accepted

definitionsaysthisgenerationwasbornafter1995,giveortakeayear-theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyin

recentweeks.GenZsareabouttohitthestreetslookingforworkinalabormarketthat'stighterthanit'sbeenin

decades.Andemployersareplanningonhiringabout17percentmorenewgraduatesforjobsintheU.S.thisyear

thanlast,accordingtoasurveyconductedbytheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers.Everybody

wantstoknowhowthepeoplewhowillsooninhabitthoseemptyofficecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocame

beforethem.

If“entitled“isthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,appliedtomillennials(thosebornbetween1981and

1995),thecatchwordsforGenerationZarepracticalandcautious.Accordingtothecareercounselorsandexpert

whostudythem,GenerationZsareclear-eyed,economicpragmatists.Despitegraduatingintothebesteconomyin

thepast50years,GenZsknowwhataneconomictrainwrecklookslike.Theywereimpressionablekidsduring

thecrashof2023,whenmanyoftheirparentslosttheirjobsortheirlifesavingsorboth.Theyaren'tinterestedin

takinganychances.Theboomingeconomyseemstohavedonelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerationalsense

ofanxiousurgency,especiallyforthosewhohavecollegedebt.CollegeloanbalancesintheU.S.nowstandata

record$1.5trillion,accordingtotheFederalReserve.

OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentofgraduatingseniorsthisyearchosetheirmajorwithajob

inmind.Ina2023surveyofUniversityofGeorgiastudents,meanwhile,thecareerofficefoundthemostdesirable

traitinafutureemployerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment(followedbyprofessionaldevelopmentand

training,andtheninspiringpurpose).Jobsecurityorstabilitywasthesecondmostimportantcareergoal

(work-lifebalancewasnumberone),followedbyasenseofbeingdedicatedtoacauseortofeelgoodabout

servingthegreatgood.

36.GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring.

[A]arerecognizedfortheirabilities

[B]areinfavorofjoboffers

[C]areoptimisticaboutthelabormarket

[D]aredrawinggrowingpublicattention

37.GenerationZsarekeenlyaware.

[A]whatatougheconomicsituationislike

[B]whattheirparentsexpectofthem

[C]howtheydifferfrompastgenerations

[D]Ihowvaluableacounselorsadviceis

38.Thewordt4assuageu(line9,para2)isclosetinmeaningto.

[A]define[B]relieve[C]maintain|D]deepen

39.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatGenerationZs.

[A]carelittleabouttheirjobperformance

[B]givetopprioritytoprofessionaltraining

[C]thinkithardtoachievework-Lifebalance

[D]haveaclearideaabouttheirfuturejob

40Michelsenthinksthatcomparedwithmillennials,GenerationZsare.

[AJlessrealisticBJlessadventurous?morediligent[D]moregenerous

PartB

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gfor

eachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Givecompliments,justnottoomany.

[B]Putonagoodface,always.

[C]Tailoryourinteractions.

[D]Spendtimewitheveryone.

[E]Reveal,don*thide,information.

[FJSlowdownandlisten.

[G|Putyourselvesinothers*shoes.

FiveWaystoWinOverEveryoneintheOffice

Isitpossibletolikeeveryoneinyouroffice?Thinkabouthowtoughitistogettogether15people,muchless

50,whoallgetalongperfectly.Butunlikeinfriendships,youneedcoworkers.Youworkwiththemeverydayand

youdependonthemjustastheydependonyou.Herearesomewaysthatyoucangetthewholeofficeonyour

side

41.____

Ifyouhaveabonetopickwithsomeoneinyourworkplace,youmaytrystaytight-lippedaroundthem.But

youwon'tbehelpingeitheroneofyou.AHarvardBusinessSchoolstudyfoundthatobserversconsistentlyrated

thosewhowerefrankaboutthemselvesmorehighly,whilethosewhohidlosttrustworthiness.Thelessonisnot

thatyoushouldmakeyourpersonallifeanopenbook,butrather,whengiventheoptiontoofferupdetailsabout

yourselforpainstakinglyconcealthem,youshouldjustbehonest.

42.____

Justasimportantasbeinghonestaboutyourselfisbeingreceptivetoothers.Weoftenfeeltheneedtotell

othershowwefeel,whetherit'saconcernaboutaproject,astraythought,oracompliment.Thoseareallvalid,

butyouneedtotaketimetohearoutyourcoworkers,too.Infact,rushingtogetyourownideasouttherecan

causecolleaguestofeelyoudon'tvaluetheiropinions.Doyourbesttoengagecoworkersinagenuine,back-

and-forthconversation,ratherthanprioritizingyourownthoughts.

43._____

It'scommontohavea“cubiclemate,'orspecialconfidantinaworksetting.Butinadditiontothosetrusted

coworkers,youshouldexpandyourhorizonsandfindoutaboutallthepeoplearoundyou.Useyourlunchand

coffeebreakstomeetupwithcolleaguesyoudon'talwayssee.Findoutabouttheirlivesandinterestsbeyondthe

job.Itrequiresminimaleffortandgoesalongway.Thiswillhelptogrowyourinternalnetwork,inadditionto

beinganicebreakintheworkday.

44._____

Positivefeedbackisimportantforanyonetohear.Andyoudon'thavetobesomeone'sbosstotellthemthey

didanexceptionaljobonaparticularproject.Thiswillhelpengendergoodwillinothers.Butdon'toverdoitor

befakeaboutit.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplerespondedbesttocommentsthatshiftedfromnegativetopositive,

possiblybecauseitsuggestedtheyhadwonsomebodyover.

45._____

Thisonemaybeabitmoredifficulttopulloff,butitcangoalongwaytoachievingresults.Rememberin

dealingwithanycoworkerwhattheyappreciatefromaninteraction.Watchoutforhowtheyverbalizewithothers.

Somepeoplelikesmalltalkinameetingbeforediggingintoimpor