人教版高中英語選擇性必修第二冊(cè)UNIT1 高考練含答案

高考練Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2023北京,D)Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit'schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife—calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife'sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield'sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything,”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat'stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasisingtheirresearch'sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife'scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamouredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth'sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife'sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAI,advancesinALifearehardertorecognise.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn'thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混亂的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行線)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarth'sbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratenovelty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren'tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething:perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.1.RegardingAlanSmith'sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.

A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.doubtful2.Whatdoestheword“enamoured”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture.B.ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.C.AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife.D.AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.4.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?B.LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?C.LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?D.LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?高考詞匯站派生/合成詞匯1.systemn.系統(tǒng)→adj.系統(tǒng)的

2.fundamentn.基礎(chǔ)→adj.基本的

3.practicev.練習(xí);實(shí)踐→n.專門人才;習(xí)藝者

4.convincingadj.令人信服的→adv.令人信服地

5.declarev.公布,宣布→n.公告,宣告

6.doubtn.懷疑→adj.懷疑的

7.existv.存在→n.存在

8.evolutionn.進(jìn)化→adj.進(jìn)化的

9.so-calledadj.

10.open-endedadj.

Ⅱ.語法填空(2020全國(guó)Ⅰ)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探測(cè)器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—1(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis2(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot3itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular4(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moreso5thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-46(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit7(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon8(construct).”Dataaboutthemoon'scomposition,suchashow9iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether10(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.

2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.9.10.

高考詞匯站派生/合成詞匯1.mannedadj.需人操縱的→adj.無(需)人操作的

2.challengen.挑戰(zhàn)→adj.挑戰(zhàn)性的

3.communicatev.通信;交流→n.通信;交流

4.spacecraftn.

答案與分層梯度式解析UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS高考練Ⅰ.◎語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了人工生命研究的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展前景。1.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的RegardingAlanSmith'sdefenceofALife可知是在問作者對(duì)艾倫·史密斯為人工生命辯護(hù)的態(tài)度,定位到第二段。由“ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield'sdoubtfulscientificvalue.”以及“AlanSmith...istiredofsuchcomplaints.”可知艾倫對(duì)于人工生命遭受的批評(píng)是厭煩的,第二段最后艾倫以“你的奶奶有什么價(jià)值?”反問,認(rèn)可人工生命存在的必要性。由文章最后一段的“theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable(人工生命的崛起將被證明是不可避免的)”可知作者對(duì)人工生命的發(fā)展是持支持態(tài)度的,故作者是支持艾倫為人工生命進(jìn)行辯護(hù)的,故選A。2.C詞義猜測(cè)題。分析畫線詞所在句“ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife'scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamouredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution.”可知人工智能和人工生命是表親,然后闡述原因,這兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究者都……一種叫作“開放式演化”的概念,再由下文的“IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife'sendless‘creativity’insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.”可知,如果人工生命領(lǐng)域能夠在某種虛擬模型中再現(xiàn)生命的無盡“創(chuàng)造力”,那么那些相同的原理可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生真正具有創(chuàng)造力的機(jī)器。這是積極的。瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知,attracted(被吸引)符合語境。3.B推理判斷題。由第三段第二句“ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife'scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamouredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution.”可知人工智能和人工生命的研究者都被一種叫作“開放式演化”的概念吸引,故選B(人工生命和人工智能有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn))。A、C、D項(xiàng)在文中無信息支撐。4.D主旨大意題。第一段提出人工生命領(lǐng)域的研究目的,第二段說明人工生命遭受的批評(píng)并用艾倫的觀點(diǎn)支持人工生命的研究,第三段以人工智能和人工生命的聯(lián)系來說明人工生命應(yīng)用的可能性,第四段說明人工生命難以被認(rèn)可的原因,最后一段為主題段,表明作者的觀點(diǎn):也許正如整個(gè)宇宙中的生命本身一樣,人工生命的崛起也將被證明是不可避免的。由此可知,本文是在說明人工生命研究的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展前景,D項(xiàng)(生命在進(jìn)化。創(chuàng)造人工生命的嘗試也可以進(jìn)化嗎?)可總述文章,最適合作為文章標(biāo)題?！靖呖荚~匯站】1.systematic2.fundamental3.practitioner4.convincingly5.declaration6.doubtful7.existence8.evolutionary9.所謂的10.無限制的;開放式的Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了中國(guó)發(fā)射的嫦娥四號(hào)無人探測(cè)器在月球背面成功著陸的重大事件。1.touched考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語lastweek可知設(shè)空處需用一般過去時(shí)。故填touched。2.extremely考查副詞。設(shè)空處作狀語,修飾形容詞challenging,需用副詞形式。故填extremely。3.where考查定語從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,先行詞spot是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。故填erest考查名詞。設(shè)空處作介詞of的賓語,根據(jù)提示詞可知設(shè)空處需填名詞形式interest;此外“beof+抽象名詞”也是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。故填interest。5.than考查介詞。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的mor