2021年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)4級(jí)第3套

2021年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題試卷(第3套)PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions：Supposeyouhavejustparticipatedinaschoolprojectofcollectingusedbooksoncampus.Youarenowtowritea（）reportabouttheproject，whichmayincludeitsaim，organizers，participantsanaactivities.Youwillhave30minutestowritethereport.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension（25minutes）說(shuō)明：由于2021年12月四級(jí)考試全國(guó)共考了兩套聽力，本套真題聽力與前兩套內(nèi)容相同，只是選項(xiàng)順序不同，因此在本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection，thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thesheetsaredampwithsweat.You'recold,butyourheartisracingasifakillerjustchasedyoudownadarkstreet.Itwasjustanightmare,youtellyourself;there'snothingtobeafraidof.Butyou'restillfilledwith26.Givenhowunsettlingandhauntingnightmarescanbe,isthereawayfordreamerstooreventurnoff,thesebaddreamsastheyhappen?27Researchis28,butsomestudiessuggestthatpeoplewhocanmasterluciddreaming-thatis,theabilitytobethatanightmareishappeningandpossiblyevencontrolitwithoutwakingup-mayholdthe30.Nightmaresarepartofthehumanexperience,especiallyforkids.Doctors_31consideroccasionalnightmaresaproblem.Theycanjustbesymptomsofasleepdisorderthatcan29don't32fromanunpleasantexperience,stress,orcertaindrugs.Totreatthedisorder,thereareanumberofmedicinesandtherapiesthatarebackedby33research,accordingtotheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine,whichanalyzedtheavailableresearchonthetreatmentofnightmaredisorderinarecent34publishedintheJournalofClinicalSleepMedicine.However,nightmaresarecomplicated,andresearchersarestillstrugglingtounderstandthem,saidDr.RachelSalas,anexpertonsleepdisordersandanassociateprofessoratJohnsHopkinsMedicineinBaltimore.Whatwedoknowisthatpeoplenightmaresatdifferentpointsduringthesleepcycle.35tohavedifferentkindsofA)amountB)answerC)avoidI)mechanicalJ)resultK)reviewL)rigorousM)tendD)awareE)departF)drasticallyG)fearN)timidityO)typicallyH)limitedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce,Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.WhyitmattersthatteensarereadinglessA)Mostofusspendmuchmoretimewithdigitalmediathanwedidadecadeago.Buttoday'steenshavegrownupwithsmartphones.Comparedwithteensacoupleofdecadesago,thewaytheyinteractwithtaditionalmedialikebooksandmoviesisfundamentallydifferent.B)AnalysisofsurveysofoveronemillionteensintheUnitedStatescollectedsince1976revealsamajorshiftinhowteensarespendingtheirleisuretime.Paperbooksarebeingignored,infavorofscreensDigitaldevicesarechangingotherbehaviors,too.Moreandmore,youngpeoplechoosespendingtimeontheirelectronicdevicesoverengaginginotheractivities,regardlessofthetype.Indeed,by2016,theaverageAmericanhighschoolseniorsaidtheyspentsixhoursadaywritingtextmessages,onsocialmedia,andonlineduringtheirfreetime.Andthatcoversjustthreeactivities,andifotherdigitalmediaactivitieswereincluded,thatestimatewouldnodoubtrise.C)Teensdidnotalwaysspendthatmuchtimewithdigitalmedia.Onlinetimehasdoubledsince2006,andsocialmediausehasmovedfromaperiodicactivitytoadailyoneinthesameperiod.By2016,nearlynineoutoftenyoungwomeninthe12thgradesaidtheyvisitedsocialmediasiteseveryday.Meanwhile,timespentplayingvideogamesrosefromunderanhouradaytoanhourandahalfonaverage.OneoutoftenAmerican8thgradestudentsin2016spent40hoursaweekormoreplayingvideogames.Letmeemphasizethatthisisequaltothetimemostadultsspendperweekatwork.D)Ifteensarespendingsomuchtimeusingelectronicdevices,doesthatmeantheyhavetogiveupsometheyactivities?Maybenot.Overtheyears,manyscholarshaveinsistedthattimeonlinedoesnotnecessarilytakeawaytimespentengagingwithtraditionalmediaoronotheractivities.Somepeople,theyargue,arejustmoreinterestedincertainkindsofmediaandentertainment.Thus,usingmoreofonetypeofmediadoesnotnecessarilymeanlessoftheother.E)Thatmaybetrue,butthatstilldoesnottellusmuchaboutwhathappensacrossawholegenerationofpeoplewhentimespentondigitalmediagrows.LargesurveysconductedoverthecourseofmanyyearstellusthatAmericanyoutharenotgoingtothecinemanearlyasoftenastheydidinthepast.While70percentof8thand10thgradestudentsusedtogotothemoviesonceamonthormore,nowonlyabouthalfdothis.Moreandmore,watchingamovieissomethingteenschoosetodoontheirelectronicdevices.Whyisthisaproblem?Onereasonisthatgoingtothecinemaisgenerallyasocialactivity.Now,watchingmoviesissomethingthatmostteensdoalone.Thisfitsalargerpattern.Inanotheranalysis,researchersfoundthattoday'steensgooutwiththeirfriendsmuchlessoftenthanpreviousgenerationsdid.F)Butthetrendsrelatedtomoviesarelessdisturbingcomparedwiththechangeinhowteensspendtheirtime.Researchhasrevealedanenormousdeclineinreading.In1980,about60percentofseniorhighschoolstudentssaidtheyreadabook,newspaperormagazineeverydaythatwasnotassignedforschool.By2016,only16percentdid.Thisisahugedropanditisimportanttonotethatthiswasnotmerelyadeclineinreadingpaperbooks,newspapersormagazines.Thesurveyallowedforreadingmaterialsonadigitaldevice.G)Indeed,thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentswhosaidtheyhadnotreadanybooksforpleasureinthelastyearwasoneoutofthreeby2016.Thatistriplethenumberfromtwodecadesago.Fortoday'syouth,books,newspapersandmagazineshavelessandlessofapresenceintheirdailylives.Ofcourse,teensarestillreading.Buttheyaregenerallyreadingshorttexts.Mostofthemarenotreadinglongarticlesorbooksthatexploredeepthemesandrequirecriticalthinkingandreflection.Perhapsnotaccidentally,in2016readingscoreswerethelowesttheyhaveeverbeensince1972.H)Thismightpresentproblemsforyoungpeoplelateron.Whenhighschoolstudentsgoontocollege,theirpastandcurrentreadinghabitswillinfluencetheiracademicperformance.Imaginegoingfromreadingtextsasshortasoneortwosentencestotryingtoreadentirebookswrittenincomplexlanguageandcontainingsophisticatedideas.Readingandcomprehendinglongerbooksandchapterstakespractice,andAmericanteensarenolongergettingthatpractice.I)Sohowcanthisproblembesolved?Shouldparentsandteacherstakeawayteens'smartphonesandreplacethemwithpaperbooks?Probablynot.ResearchhasshownthatsmartphonesarecurrentlyAmericanteens'mainformofsocialcommunication.Thismeansthat,withoutasmartphone,teensarelikelytofeelisolatedfromtheirpeers.However,thatdoesnotmeanteensneedtouseelectronicdevicesasoftenastheydonow.Dataconnectingexcessivedigitalmediatimetomentalhealthissuessuggestsalimitoftwohoursadayoffreetimespentwithscreens,arestrictionthatwillalsoallowtimeforotheractivities—likegoingtothemovieswithfriendsorreadinglonger,morecomplicatedtexts.

J)Thelatterisespeciallyimportant.Iwouldarguethatofallthechangesbroughtaboutbythewidespreaduseofdigitaldevices,thehugedeclineinreadingislikelytohavethebiggestnegativeimpactontoday'steensbecausereadingbooksandlongerarticlesisoneofthebestwaystolearncriticalthinking.Ithelpspeopletounderstandcomplexissuesandtoseparatefactfromfiction.Thus,deepreadingiscrucialforbeingagoodcitizen,asuccessfulcollegestudentandaproductiveemployee.Ifseriousreadingdies,alotwillgowithit36.Manyyears'surveysrevealthatyoungpeopleinAmericaaregoingtothecinemamuchlessoftenthantheyusedto.37.SurveyanalysisshowsAmericanteensnowspendtheirleisuretimeondigitaldevicesratherthanreadingprintedbooks.38.Thenumberofseniorhighschoolersnotreadingbooksforpleasureinayearincreasedthreetimesover20years.39.Manyscholarsclaimthatspendingtimeonelectronicdevicesdoesn'tnecessarilymeanadecreaseoftimeforotheractivities.40.Mostpeoplespendmuchmoretimeinteractingwithdigitalmediathantheydidtenyearsago.41.Theauthorclaimsthatitwillbeagreatlossifwenolongerreadbooksandlongerarticles42.Overadecadeorso，Americanteens'socialmediauseshiftedfromanoccasionalactivitytoaroutineone.43.AmoredisturbingtrendinAmericatodayisthatteensarespendingfarlesstimereadingthanaroundfourdecadesago44.Somefiveyearsago，highschoolseniorsinAmericagenerallyspentmorethansixhoursadayonelectronicdevices.45.ItwasfoundthatAmericanyoungsterstodaydon'tsocializenearlyasmuchastheearliergenerations.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Haveyoueverwonderedhowacceptableitistohugortouchsomeone？Whileitmaysoundsafetoavoidallphysicalcontactsoasnottooffendanyone，thelackoftouchingmightimplycoldattitudesorindifferenceininterpersonalrelationships.

So，whatshouldwedo？Thesimpleansweristothoroughlylearnuniqueculturalnormsforphysicalcontact.Innonverbalcommunicationterminology（術(shù)語(yǔ)），physicalcontactandthestudyoftouchingaregenerallyreferredtoashaptics.Hapticsincommunicationoftensuggestthelevelofintimacy.Theyareusuallyclassifiedintotwogroups：high-contactandlow-contact.AsiaandquitesurprisinglytheUnitedStates，CanadaandBritainbelongtolow-contactcultures.Peoplefromtherestoftheworld，suchasLatinAmerica，areconsideredtobeinhigh-contactcultureswheretheytendtoexpecttouchinginsocialinteractionsandfeelmorecomfortablewithphysicalcloseness.Despitetheclassification，therearemorecomplexfactorssuchasrelationalcloseness，gender，age，andcontextthatcanaffecthowsomeoneviewsphysicalcontact.OnecommonFrenchcustomofgreetingsischeek-kissing，butitismostlyrestrictedtofriends，closeacquaintancesandfamilymembers.Whilecheek-kissingforLatinAmericansisalsoauniversalgreetingform，itdoesnotrequiresuchahighdegreeofrelationalcloseness.However，gendermattersmoreforthembecausecheck-kissingoftenonlyhappensbetweenwomenoramanandawomanbutnottwomen.Incontrast，incertainArabian，African，andAsiancountries，mencanpubliclyholdhandsorshowphysicalaffectionassignsofbrotherhoodorfriendshipwhilethesebehaviorsmaysuggestaromanticrelationshipinotherpartsoftheworld.Althoughmen'stouchingismorenormalinthesecultures，physicalcontactbetweenpersonsofoppositesexeswhoarenotfamilymembersisnegativelyperceivedinArabiancountries.Thesefactorscoulddefinitelyaffectthedegreetowhichsomeoneiscomfortablewithtactile（觸覺的）communicationandphysicalintimacy.Therefore，ifyouaresomeonewholovestoshowphysicalaffection，youshouldnotbeafraidtoshowitordrasticallychangeyourbehaviors-justaskforconsentbeforehand!46.Whatdoestheauthorsayinthefirstparagraphaboutphysicalcontact？A）Itsroleininterpersonalrelationshipsisgettingincreasinglyimportant.B）Itisbecomingmoreacceptabletomanywhousedtothinkitoffensive.C）Itsabsencemightsuggestalackofwarmthininterpersonalrelationships.D）Itmightpromptdifferentresponsesfrompeopleofdifferentsocialbackgrounds.47.Whatdoesphysicalcontactincommunicationsuggest？A）Whatsocialclasspeoplebelongto.B）Howcivilizedthecommunicatorsare.C）Whatfamilybackgroundpeoplecomefrom.D）Howclosethecommunicators'relationshipsare.

48.Whatdowelearnaboutpeopleinhigh-contactcultures？A）Theyaresensitivetothewaypeopleexpresstheiremotions.B）Theytaketouchingasaculturalnorminsocialinteractions.C）Theyattachgreatimportancetoclosetiesamongpeople.D）Theytendtobemoreopenininterpersonalrelationships.49.WhatdowelearnaboutsocialcustomsinArabiancountries？A）Mencanshowfriendshipinpublicthroughphysicalaffection.B）Non-traditionalromanticrelationshipsaresimplyunacceptable.C）Physicalcontactbetweenunfamiliarpeopleisnegativelyperceived.D）Peopleofdifferentagesandgendersshowaffectionindifferentways.50.Whatdoestheauthortellustodoconcerningtactilecommunication？A）Layemphasisonnonverbalcommunication.B）Learntouseappropriatebodylanguagefirst.C）Payattentiontothedifferencesbetweengenders.D）Takeotherpeople'spreferenceintoconsideration.PassageTwoOuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Fromclimatechangetotheongoingpandemic（大流行?。゛ndbeyond，theissuesfacingtoday'sworldareincreasinglycomplexanddynamic.Yetsolvingproblemsliketheserequiresnewapproachesthatextendbeyondtraditionalwaysofthinking.AstudyledbyYaleProfessorofPsychology，PaulO'Keefe，foundthathavingagrowthmindset（思維傾向）ofinterestmaysparkthistypeofinnovation.ProfessorO'Keefeestablishedinearlierstudiesthatpeopleholddifferentbeliefsaboutthenatureofinterest.Thosewithagrowthmindsetofinteresttendtobelievethatinterestscanbedevelopedandcultivated，whilethosewithafixedmindsetofinteresttendtobelievethatinterestsareinherent（與生俱有的）andsimplyneedtobefound.'Buildingonthesefindings，thelatestresearchexaminedhowagrowthmindsetofinterestcanboostintegrativethinkingacrossthetraditionaldisciplinaryboundariesofartsandsciences.Forexample，inonetask，rescarchparticipantswereinstructedtocreatenewcollegemajorsbycombiningtwoormoreexistingacademicArtsorScienceprogramsattheiruniversity.Aftercodingandanalyzingtheideastheygenerated，theteamfoundthatpeoplewithagrowthmindsetofinterestweremorelikelytobridgeprogramsacrosstheartsandsciencestocreatenewmajorslikecomputationaleconomicsratherthancreatingmajorsthatdrewfromonlyoneofthoseareas，likecomputationalchemistry.

AsProfessorO'Keefepointedout，"Thisresearchprovidesausefuldirectionfororganizationswhoseproductsandservicescallforintegratedandcreativesolutions.Takesmartphonesforexample.Youneednotonlycomputerscienceandengineeringknowledge，butalsoanunderstandingofpsychologyandvisualdesigntocreateabetterproduct.Employeeswithagrowthmindsetmaybemorelikelytodeviseinnovativeideasthatbridgemultipleareasofknowledgetoachievebettersolutions."Thebenefitsofagrowthmindsetofinterestmayalsoextendtothoseseekingemployment.ThisisapressingissuebecausemanypeoplearebecomingunemployedduetotheCOVID-19pandemic.Havingagrowthmindsetofinterestcanhelpjobseekersexpandtheirinterestsandbecomemor