初二下冊(cè)英語人教版知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

初二下冊(cè)英語人教版知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)初二下冊(cè)英語人教版知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)初二下冊(cè)英語人教版知識(shí)1Unit1what'sthematter?It’s+形容詞+forsb.+todosth.做某事對(duì)某人來說是…的。It’simportanttodosth.做某事很重要。It’simportantformetoeatabalanceddiet.平衡飲食對(duì)我來說是很重要的.It’seasytodosth.做某事是容易的。It’seasyforustofindouttheanswer.找出答案對(duì)我們來說是容易的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，它的基本用法是必須和其他動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。意為"應(yīng)該."。should(應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該)用于所有人稱，表示勸告或建議。egIhaveaverybadcold.我感冒很厲害。---Youshouldliedownandhavearest.你應(yīng)該躺下，多喝水。maybe與maybe(1)maybe是副詞，譯為“也許、可能”，相當(dāng)于“perhaps”。如：Maybehecananswerthequestion.也許他能回答那個(gè)問題。HemaybeisfromtheUSA,too.他可能也來自美國(guó)。(2)maybe中的may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，譯為“可能是.”。如：HemaybefromtheUSA,too.他可能也來自美國(guó)。ShemaybeourEnglishteacher.她可能是我們的英語老師。few、afew、little、alittle的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系：few/afew用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，few表示否定意義，沒有，幾乎沒有;afew表示肯定意義，有幾個(gè)。例如：Hehasfewfriendshere,hefeelslonely.他這里沒朋友，他感覺寂寞。Thereareafeweggsinthebasket.籃子里有幾個(gè)雞蛋。little/alittle用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，little表示否定意義，沒有，幾乎沒有;alittle表示肯定意義，有一點(diǎn)兒。例如：Thereislittleinkinmybottle.Canyougivemealittleink?我的瓶子里沒有墨水了，你能給我點(diǎn)兒墨水嗎?not…until直到…(否定句)才.，動(dòng)詞為短暫性或瞬間性動(dòng)詞。Shedidn’tleaveuntilwecame.Hewentshoppingafterhegotup.=Hedidn’tgoshoppinguntil/beforehegotup....until/till直到.(肯定句)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Westayedheretill/until12o’clock.初二下冊(cè)英語人教版知識(shí)2Unit2I'llhelpcleanthecityparks.動(dòng)詞小結(jié)常見動(dòng)詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)有下面幾種：動(dòng)詞+副詞如：giveup放棄;turnoff關(guān)掉;stayup熬夜這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，如果其賓語是代詞，就必須放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，也可放在短語動(dòng)詞后。動(dòng)詞+介詞如：listenof聽;lookat看;belongto屬于這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面跟賓語。each每個(gè)，各自的，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的個(gè)別情況，常與of連用every每個(gè)，每一個(gè)的，一切的，有“全體”的意思不能與of連用helpsb.(to)do幫助某人做某事helphim(to)studyhelpsb.withsth.幫助某人做某事helphimwithEnglishhelpdo幫助做某事helpstudyspend...doing.花費(fèi)…做…IspentadayvisitingBeijing.我花了一天的時(shí)間去參觀北京。spend…onsth.花費(fèi)…在…Ispent3yearsonEnglish.join參加(指參加團(tuán)體、組織)如：jointheParty入黨takepartin參加(指參加活動(dòng))如：takepartinsportsmeeting參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)runout與runoutofHismoneysoonranout.他的錢很快就花光了。Ourtimeisrunningout.我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。(2)runoutof主語為人，表示主動(dòng)含義。Heisalwaysrunningoutofmoneybeforepayday.他總是在發(fā)工資的日子還沒有到就把錢花完了。兩者在一定條件下可以互換如：Thepetrolisrunningout.汽油快用完了=Wearerunningoutofpetrol.Ourtimeisrunningout.我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。=Wearerunningoutoftime.workout(1)結(jié)局，結(jié)果為Thestrategiesthathecameupwithworkedoutfine.他提出的這個(gè)策略效果很好。(2)算出，制訂出，消耗完(精力等)Heneverseemstobeworkedout.他好像永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)疲乏似的。Heworkedoutaplan.他制訂了一個(gè)計(jì)劃。Ihaveworkedoutourtotalexpenses.我已經(jīng)算出了我們總的費(fèi)用。hangout閑蕩閑逛Iliketohangoutatmallwithmyfriends.我喜歡和我的朋友一起去購物中心閑蕩。beabletodo能，會(huì)beunabletodo不能，不會(huì)forsure確實(shí)如此，毫無疑問Youdon’thavemoney.That’sforsure.你沒有錢，這是毫無疑問的。fill…with…使…充滿…用…填充…Shefilledthebowlwithwater.她用水填滿碗。handout分發(fā)handoutbananasgiveout分發(fā)giveoutsthtosb.分….給某人giveupdoing放棄…giveupsmoking放棄吸煙giveaway贈(zèng)送捐贈(zèng)giveawaymoneytokidsgivesb.sth.給某人某東西givememoney給我錢givesth.tosb.給某人某東西givemoneytome給我線helpsb.out幫助…做事，解決難題(擺脫困境)Ican’tworkoutthismathproblem.Pleasehelpmeout.我不能算出這道數(shù)學(xué)問題，請(qǐng)你幫我解決。trainn.火車v.訓(xùn)練trainsb.todo.訓(xùn)練某人做某事Shetrainsherdogtofetchthings.她訓(xùn)練她的狗去取東西。atonce==rightaway立刻馬上如：Doitatonce.馬上去做。I’llgothereatonce/rightaway.我馬上去那里。oneday有一天(指將來/過去)someday有一天(指將來)如：OnedayIwenttoBeijing.有一天我去了北京。SomedayI’llgotoBeijing.有一天我將去北京。初二下冊(cè)英語人教版知識(shí)3Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?關(guān)于to的短語havetodosth.不得不/必須做某事needtodosth.需要做某事hatetodosth.討厭做某事liketodosth.喜歡做某事wanttodosth.想做某事lovetodosth.熱愛做某事forgettodosth.忘記做某事starttodosth.開始做某事begintodosth.開始做某事asksbtodosth.請(qǐng)某人做某事---Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?---Yes,sure./Sorry,Ican't.Ihavetodomyhomeworkfirst.---CouldIpleaseusethecar?---Sure./Certainly./Ofcourse./No,youcan't.Ihavetogoout.在表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許的疑問句中，常用could代替can，以表示禮貌，委婉或不確定的語氣，而can則不具備這些語氣。這種情況下不能把could看作can的過去式。以上兩句中用could是為了表示禮貌的請(qǐng)求。表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許時(shí)，除了can,could之外，還可以用may，的表達(dá)方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式來表示同一個(gè)概念。例：Could/Can/MayIuseyourcarforaday?作允答可以各種各樣：如同意可以說Yes，或Sure或Certainly，還可說Yes,(do)please.或Ofcourse.(youmay/can).或That'sOK/allright.如果不同意，可以說I'msorryyoucan't.或I'mreallysorry,butIhavetouseittoday.要避免說No,youcan't.這樣顯得很不禮貌。否定回答通常用委婉語氣。初二下冊(cè)英語人教版知識(shí)4Unit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?get(1)買getsth.forsb.=getsb.sth.為某人買某物Canyougetsomefruitformewhenyougoshopping?=Canyougetmesomefruitwhenyougoshopping?(2)得到，到達(dá)Wheredidyougetthebook?Whendidyougettheletter?Hegothomelatelastnight.(3)使，讓，get+賓語+賓補(bǔ)使某人/某物怎么樣Pleasegetyoucoatclean.Getyourmouthclosed.getsb.todosth.使某人做某事IgothimtocallJimyesterday.(4)(逐漸)變得…...Theweathergetswarmeranddaysgetlonger.Whydidtheteachergetangry?howabout/whatabout后跟名詞/代詞/動(dòng)詞ing形式。(1)向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或請(qǐng)求Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?Howaboutsomethingtoeat?(2)向?qū)Ψ秸髑笠庖娀蚩捶℉owabouttheTVplay?Howaboutbuyingthehousenow?(3)詢問天氣或身體情況HowabouttheweatherinHainanIsland?Howaboutyourparents?Aretheylivingwithyou?(4)談話中承接上下文I’mfortyyearsold.Howaboutyou?I’mfromBeijing.Howaboutyou?receive收到Thegirlwashappytoreceivemanygiftsonherbirthday.receivealetterfrom=getaletterfrom=heardfrom收到某人的信IreceivedaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.=IgotaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.=IheardfrommyparentslastSunday.accept接受Hecouldn’tacceptoursuggestionsbutourgifts.Shewasverygladtoreceivetheinvitation.Ireceivedaninvitationtotheparty,butIrefusedtoacceptit.a6-year-oldchild一個(gè)六歲的孩子6-year-old是由“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，作前置定語，修飾后面的名詞child?！皵?shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數(shù)形式：afive-year-oldgirl一個(gè)五歲的女孩atwo-meter-longruler一把兩米長(zhǎng)的尺子aten-story-highbuilding一棟十層高的樓房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本兩英寸厚的詞典too...to…太……而不能……too后跟形容詞或副詞原形,to后跟動(dòng)詞原形,構(gòu)成不定式，句子的主語與動(dòng)詞不定的主語不一時(shí),可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前加邏輯主語forsb。Heistooyoungtojointhearmy(軍隊(duì)).他年紀(jì)太小，不能去參軍。Themathproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.這道數(shù)學(xué)題對(duì)我來說太難了，做不出。too...to…可以與enoughto和so…that…轉(zhuǎn)換.Sheistooyoungtodothework.=Sheisn’toldenoughtodothework.Tomistootiredtowalkanyfarther.=Tomissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfarther.pay,spend,cost,take的區(qū)別(1)pay花費(fèi)(多少錢),主語是人。sb.paysomemoneyforsth.sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.Shespent2hours(in)doingherhomework.她花了2個(gè)小時(shí)做作業(yè)。(3)cost花費(fèi)(多少錢),主語是物。sth.costsb.somemoney.Thisjacketcosthim200dollars.這件夾克衫花費(fèi)她200美元。(4)take花費(fèi)(時(shí)間)，主語形式主語為It.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事Howlongdoesittakesb.todosth?花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事?IttookLiuHong2hourstodoherhomework.劉紅花了2個(gè)小時(shí)做作業(yè)。sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleep,beasleep(1)sleep動(dòng)詞,睡覺,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。Iamverytired.Iwanttosleep.我很累，想睡覺。(2)sleeping,sleep的現(xiàn)在分詞,表示“正在睡覺”。Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Thebabyissleeping.不要這么吵，寶寶在睡覺。(3)sleepy想睡覺的,困倦的。Iamalittlesleepy.I’dliketogotobed.我有點(diǎn)困了，我想去床上睡覺了。(4)asleep睡著了的。TheteacherfoundTomasleepinclassandkepthimbehindafterschool.老師發(fā)現(xiàn)湯姆上課睡覺，放學(xué)后就把他留了下來。(5)fallasleep強(qiáng)調(diào)從沒有睡著到睡著的過程,不能接一段時(shí)間。Icouldn’tfallasleepuntilitwasverylatelastnight.我昨天晚上到很晚才睡著。(6)beasleep表示睡著后的狀態(tài),“睡著了”,可以接一段時(shí)間。Hewasasleepforthreehours.他睡了3個(gè)小時(shí)。open(1)動(dòng)詞,打開,開業(yè),開張,展現(xiàn)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意我把窗戶打開嗎?(2)形容詞,beopen開著的,開放的Onweekendstheswimmingpoolisopentothepublic.在周末，這個(gè)池是對(duì)公眾開放的。close動(dòng)詞,關(guān)閉,關(guān)上,合上closed形容詞,beclosed關(guān)著的,關(guān)閉的encourage動(dòng)詞,鼓勵(lì),激勵(lì)encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事Parentsshouldencouragechildrentodothingsbythemselves.家長(zhǎng)們應(yīng)該要鼓勵(lì)孩子們自己動(dòng)手做事情。progress名詞,“進(jìn)步,進(jìn)展”makeprogress“取得進(jìn)步,取得進(jìn)展”Tomisnowmakinggreatprogressatschool.湯姆現(xiàn)在在學(xué)校的進(jìn)步很大。takeaninterestin(doing)sth.對(duì)(做)某事感興趣否定表達(dá)是takenointerestin(doing)sth.對(duì)(做)某事不感興趣DoyoutakeaninterestinEnglish?你對(duì)英語感興趣嗎?makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友Wouldyouliketomakefriendswithus?你想和我們交朋友嗎?初二下冊(cè)英語人教版知識(shí)5Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?arriveat到達(dá)(小地方)arrivein到達(dá)(大地方)reach到達(dá)getto到達(dá)IarrivedinBeijinglastnight.=IreachedBeijinglastnight.=IgottoBeijinglastnight.如果賓語是副詞here,there,home,要把a(bǔ)t/in/to省略。arrivehere/there/homegethere/there/homeinfrontof…在…的前面(某一范圍外的前面)inthefrontof…在…的前面(某一范圍內(nèi)的前面)Therearesomebigtreesinfrontoftheclassroombuilding.在教室的前面有一些大樹。Ilikesittinginthefrontofthetaxi.我喜歡坐在出租車的前排位置。takeoff(1)起飛Whendidtheplanetakeoffyesterday?飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候起飛?(2)脫下(衣帽等)Hetookoffhiscoatassoonashewentintotheroom.他一進(jìn)房間就脫掉了外套。(3)取消Theywilltakeoffthe5amtrain.他們?nèi)∠嗽缟?點(diǎn)的火車。getout(of)…從……離開/出去/下來Acarstoppedandagirlgotoutofit.但從汽車/火車/船/飛機(jī)/馬匹上下來,用getoff…follow跟隨Ifollowedhimuphehill.我跟著他上了山.沿著……前進(jìn)Followthisroaduntilyougettothepostoffice.順著這條路一直到郵局.(3)聽懂，理解Couldyouspeakmoreslowly?Ican’tfollowyou.你能說慢點(diǎn)嗎?我聽不(4)followsb.todosth.跟著某人做某事Pleasefollowmetoreadthestory.請(qǐng)跟我讀這個(gè)。shoutat大聲喊叫，多指因生氣而非善意的大聲叫喊Don’tshoutatthelittleboy.Heistooyoung.不要對(duì)他大叫，他還太小。shoutto大聲喊叫，多指因距離遠(yuǎn)而不得不大聲叫喊Weshouldshouttohim,orhecan’thearus.我們應(yīng)該朝他叫喊，否則他聽不到我們的聲音。happen發(fā)生，具體事件偶然的沒有預(yù)見的發(fā)生(1)happentodosth.碰巧做某事Ihappenedtomeetoneofmyoldfriendsintheparkyesterday.昨天我在公園碰巧遇見我的一個(gè)老朋友。(2)sthhappenstosb.某人發(fā)生了某事Ancaraccidenthappenedtohimlastmonth.上個(gè)月他發(fā)生了交通事故.takeplace發(fā)生(1)按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或按計(jì)劃發(fā)生GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainrecentyears.最近幾年中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化.(2)(運(yùn)動(dòng)/活動(dòng)/會(huì)議等)舉行ThemeetingwilltakeplacenextFriday.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將于下星期五舉行。taketheplaceof代替,取代Plasticscansometimestaketheplaceofwoodandmetal.塑料有時(shí)能代替木材和金屬.takeone’splace坐某人的位置,代替某人的職務(wù)Cometotakemyplace.myseatisnearthewindow.來做我的位置，我的座位靠近窗戶。anywhere任何地方，常用于否定句或疑問句中.Didyougoanywherelastnight?你昨天還去了別的地方了嗎?somewhere某個(gè)地方，用于肯定句。Ican’tfindmypenthoughIlookedforiteverywhere.盡管我到處都找過了，還是找不到我的鋼筆。silence名詞,寂靜/無聲There’snothingbutsilenceintheroom.屋內(nèi)寂靜無聲。Keepinsilence.保持沉默.silent形容詞,沉默的,寂靜的Theoldhousewasquitesilent.這所老房子寂靜無聲。Thecatmovedonsilentfeet.那只貓無聲地走動(dòng)著。hear聽到Canyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?你聽到有人敲門了嗎?(1)hearof聽說,后接表示人或物的詞Ihaveneverheardofhimbefore.我以前從來沒有聽說過他。(2)hearabout聽說,后接表示事件的名詞I’vejustheardabouthisillness.我剛剛聽說他生病的事。Haveyouheardabouttheaccident?你聽說了那場(chǎng)事故嗎?(3)hearfrom收到某人的來信IheardfrommydaughterinNewYorkyesterday.我昨天收到在紐約的女兒的來信。主語+be+oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of短語?！恰凶睢摹?、ThiswasoneofthemostimportanteventsinmodernAmericanhistory.這是美國(guó)歷史上最重要的事件之一。XiamenisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.廈門是中國(guó)最漂亮的城市之一。experience(1)名詞,不可數(shù)名詞;經(jīng)歷,體驗(yàn),可數(shù)名詞Haveyouhadanyexperienceoffishing?你有釣魚的經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎?CouldyoutellusaboutyourexperiencesinAfrica?你能給我們談?wù)勀阍诜侵薜慕?jīng)歷嗎?(2)動(dòng)詞經(jīng)歷,感覺Thechildrenexperiencedmanydifficultiesthistime.這次孩子們經(jīng)歷了許多困難.experienced形容詞有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的beexperiencedin/atdoingsth.=havemuchexperiencein/atdoingsth.做某事很有經(jīng)Sheisanexperiencedteacher.他是一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的教師。Heisveryexperiencedin/atrepairingcars.他修車很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。as…as…和……一樣…兩個(gè)as之間用形容詞或副詞的原形。Heworksascarefullyasshe.他和她一樣工作認(rèn)真。Sheisastallashermother.她和母親一樣高。notas…as…不如某人/某物…Heisn’tas/sooldashelooks.他不像看起來那么老。Shedoesn’trunas/sofastasherbrother.她不如她哥哥跑得那么快。havefun=haveagood/great/wonderfultime=enjoyoneself玩得開心，過得愉快Didyouhavefunattheparty?昨天在派對(duì)上玩的開心嗎?=Didyouhaveagood/great/wonderfultime?=Didyouenjoyyourself?havefundoingsth.開心做某事I’mjusthavingfunplayingtheguitar.我正開心的彈吉他呢。acc