新教材適用2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅢListeningandTalkingReadingforWriting夯基提能作業(yè)新人教版必修第三冊(cè)

Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅢListeningandTalking，ReadingforWriting一、語言基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Anewrecyclingfacility(設(shè)備)willbeprovidedbythelocalcouncilnextmonth.2．Adirectandobviousexampleisthatmanymarineanimalsaredispersed(驅(qū)散)aroundtheglobe(地球)byoceancurrents.3．Hedeterminedtoargue(爭(zhēng)辯)withthemanwhowassellingthetickets.4．Theriveristooshallow(淺)forourbigboattofloaton.5．Thecompanysetapattern(模式)ofwhatagoodcompanyshouldbe,whichmadeadifferencetous.6．Oursatellitetechnologymeansthatwecanmonitor(監(jiān)視)enemyairwavesmorecloselythaneverbefore.7．What'stheregular(正常的，常規(guī)的)procedureforfilingacomplaint?8．Theteenagerismentallyaddictedtohissmartphone(智能手機(jī))andcan'tfocusonotherthings.9．Wehavelaunchedacampaigntosupportthesustainableuseofnaturalresources(資源)．10．Thetaskistoomuchforapersonoflimited(有限的)intelligence.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.主動(dòng)的思索和行動(dòng)導(dǎo)致勝利。(resultin)2．Theriverisfourtimesaslongas/fourtimesthelengthofthatone.這條河是那條河的四倍長(zhǎng)。(倍數(shù)表達(dá)法)3．Parentsshouldprovidetheirchildrenwithagoodeducation.父母應(yīng)當(dāng)給孩子供應(yīng)良好的教化。(providesb.withsth.)4．Ridingabikeisanenvironmentallyfriendlymeansoftransport.騎自行車是環(huán)保的交通方式。(動(dòng)名詞作主語)5．Itdependsonhimwhetherheacceptsthejoborrefusesit.接受還是拒絕這項(xiàng)工作取決于他。(whether...or...)6．Themenweresoonexhaustedandwererunningoutoffood.這些人很快就力倦神疲了，食物也快吃完了。(runoutof)7．Itisobviousthatthegirlisattachedtothetoyselectedbyhermother.很明顯，小女孩喜愛媽媽選的這個(gè)玩具。(it作形式主語)8．Ashewastired,hewenttobedatonce.因?yàn)槔哿?，他馬上就去睡覺了。(as引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句)二、培優(yōu)提升訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024·江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體高一下期末)YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersontogobeyondEarth'satmospherein1961.Ashespent108minutesinorbit,theRussianastronautconsumedatubeofbeef-and-liverpaste(糊狀物)withasideofchocolatesauce.HisAmericancounterparts(同行)enjoyedequallyunappetizingcuisineduringtheirtripstothemoon,butpureed(做成泥的)meatgavewaytofreeze-driedmealsbythetimethespaceshuttlefirstlaunchedin1981.Today,astronautsaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)alsoenjoyfreshfruitandvegetablessentfromhome.Anincreasinglyappealingspacediethasensuredastronautsgetmoreofwhattheirbodiesneed.LifeaboardtheISS,forexample,ishard—asix-hourspacewalkcanburnmorethan2,000calories—soit'sessentialthatastronautsconsumeenoughfoodtodothejob.Andovertime,zerogravityweakenstheheartandothermuscles,requiringanyonelivinginittoexerciseregularly.“Flavoristheprimarydriverformostdecisionssurroundingfoodintake，”saysRobinTucker,anassistantprofessorofnutritionscienceatMichiganStateUniversity.Floatingfreelycanweakenthesenseoftasteandsmell.Providingavarietyofseasonings(調(diào)味品)helpswiththat.NASAalsomakessuretheSpaceStationhascrewmembers'favoritesnacks.Themenuincludesgoodies,liketheoccasionalpizzaduringresupplyflights.However,deliverieswon'tbepossibleonamonth'slongtriptoMars,andrefrigeratorsandfreezersrequiretoomuchroomandenergytobepractical.Giventhatvitaminsandmineralsinpackagedmealsslowlybreakdown，NASAisresearchinghowastronautsmightgrowvegetables.Italsohasexperimentedwithsomethinglikea3Dprinterthatwouldcombinepowderedstarch(粉狀淀粉),protein,andfatwithmicronutrients,oil,andwatertomaketastyfood.Ashumansgoevenfartherintospace,suchideaswillensuretheyeatsomethinghealthier,fresher,andmoreacceptablethanwetandstickystuffsqueezedfromatube.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了宇航員在太空中的飲食狀況。1．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofastronauts'foodbefore1981？DA．Itwastoodry.B．Itwasoriginal.C．Itwasunhealthy.D．Itwasunappealing.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的“HisAmericancounter-parts(同行)enjoyedequallyunappetizingcuisineduringtheirtripstothemoon(他的美國(guó)同行在登月旅行中享受著同樣沒有吸引力的飯菜)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為1981年以前宇航員的食物是沒有吸引力的。故選D。2．Whatinfluencesastronauts'foodconsumptioninspacemostaccordingtoRobinTucker？BA．Thefood'slook.B．Thefood'staste.C．Thefood'ssmell.D．Thefood'snutrition.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“‘Flavoristheprimarydriverformostdecisionssurroundingfoodintake，’saysRobinTucker(羅賓·塔克說：‘味道是大多數(shù)食物攝入決策的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力?！?”可知，RobinTucker認(rèn)為食物的味道對(duì)宇航員在太空中的食物消耗影響最大。故選B。3．Howmightspaceflightsaffectastronauts？CA．Theymightbecomeoverweight.B．Theyhavetotakeinfewerseasonings.C．Theymighthaveaweakenedsenseofsmell.D．TheyhavetodomoreexercisethanonEarth.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“Floatingfreelycanweakenthesenseoftasteandsmell.(自由漂移會(huì)減弱味覺和嗅覺。)”可知，太空飛行會(huì)導(dǎo)致宇航員的嗅覺減弱。故選C。4．WhatisNASAfocusingonatpresent？CA．Preventingthebreakdownofnutrientsinfood.B．SendingsuppliestothespaceshipsflyingtoMars.C．Enablingastronautstofeedthemselvesinspace.D．Increasingthevolumeoffreezersonspaceships.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“NASAisresearching...maketastyfood.”可知，美國(guó)航天局正在探討宇航員如何種植蔬菜和用類似3D打印機(jī)的設(shè)備自己制作食物，由此可推知，美國(guó)航天局目前的重點(diǎn)是探討如何使宇航員能夠在太空中自食其力。故選C。Ⅱ.語法填空閱讀短文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2024·廣東省廣州市荔灣區(qū)協(xié)和中學(xué)高一下學(xué)期考試)XuYuanchong,atranslator1.known(know)athomeandabroadandaprofessorattheSchoolofJournalismandCommunicationofPekingUniversity,passedawayinBeijingonJune17,2024at2.theageof100.Bornin1921inNanchang,JiangxiProvince,afterstudyingforeign3.languages(language)atbothTheNationalSouthwestAssociatedUniveristyandTsinghuaUniversity,Xuhadbeenworking4.asaprofessoratPekingUniversitysince1983.Xudevoted5.himself(he)toliterarytranslationformorethan60years,whowas6.widely(wide)recognizedinChinaas“thefirstpersonabletotranslateChinese,EnglishandFrenchclassics”．HetranslatedChineseworksintoEnglishandFrench,andmajorwesternpublicationsintoChinese.Xuheldthebeliefthatthetranslatedversionshouldconveythewholesensory(感官的)experience7.that/whichtheoriginalbringstothereader.Throughthispursuitofrespectfortheauthors,Xu8.wasawarded(award)the“AuroraBorealis”PrizeforOutstandingTranslationofFictionLiteraturein2014,oneofthe9.highest(high)honorsinthefieldoftranslation.HewasthefirstChinesetranslator10.towin(win)suchanaward.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了我國(guó)聞名的翻譯家許淵沖的生平以及在文學(xué)翻譯方面的巨大成就和貢獻(xiàn)。解析：1．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：許淵沖是國(guó)內(nèi)外知名的翻譯家和北京高校新聞與傳播學(xué)院的教授，于2024年6月17日在北京逝世，享年100歲。動(dòng)詞know和translator之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。故填known。2.考查冠詞。attheageof...為固定搭配，意為“在……歲時(shí)”。故填the。3．考查名詞。句意：許在1921年誕生于江西南昌，先后在西南聯(lián)合高校和清華高校學(xué)習(xí)外語，1983年起在北京高校擔(dān)當(dāng)教授。language“語言”，是可數(shù)名詞，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指。故填languages。4.考查介詞。workas...為固定搭配，意為“作為……(身份)而工作”。故填as。5.考查代詞。句意：許從事文學(xué)翻譯工作60余年，被中國(guó)公認(rèn)為“能翻譯中英法名著的第一人”。devoteoneselftosth為固定搭配，意為“致力于；投身于”。故填himself。6.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動(dòng)詞recognized，應(yīng)用副詞作狀語。故填widely。7.考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞experience，且在從句中作賓語，應(yīng)用that或which。故填that/which。8．考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一樣。主語Xu和動(dòng)詞award之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in2014可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為單數(shù)。故填wasawarded。9.考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。依據(jù)設(shè)空后的“inthefieldoftranslation”可知，此處指“翻譯領(lǐng)域的最高榮譽(yù)之一”，應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)。故填highest。10.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：他是第一個(gè)獲得該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的中國(guó)翻譯家。名詞translator前有序數(shù)詞修飾，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語。故填towin。Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。DrumsinSpaceBrendaBongoswashappy,artisticgirl,agirlwithonebigambition—toplaythedrumsinaband.Butonebigobstaclelayinherway.Tobegoodenoughtoplayinaband,Brendahadtopracticealot,butshelivednext-doortoalotofoldpeople—manyofthemweresick—inacarehome.Sheknewthatthesoundofbeatingdrumsandcrashingcymbals(鐃鈸)wouldreallymakethemmad.Brendawasaverygood,respectfulgirl.Shealwaystriedtofindawayofpracticingherdrumswithoutbotheringotherpeople.So,shehadtriedplayinginthestrangestplaces:abasement,akitchen,anattic,andeveninashower.Butitwasnogood;therewasalwayssomeoneitwouldannoy.However,determinedtopracticeasmuchasshecould,Brendaspentmostofhertimeplayingonbooksandboxes,andlookingfornewplacestopractice.Oneday,whilewatchingasciencedocumentaryonTV,sheheardthatsoundcannottravelinspace,becausethere'snoair.Atthatmoment,BrendaBongosdecidedtobecomeasortofmusicalastronaut.Withthehelpofalotoftime,alotofbooks,andalotofwork,Brendabuiltaspacebubble.Thiswasabigglassballconnectedtoamachinewhichsuckedoutalltheairinside.Allthatwouldbeleftinsidewasadrumkitandachair.Brendagotintothespacesuitshehadmade,enteredthebubble,turnedonthemachine,and...Sheplayedthosedrumslikeawildchild!Itwasn'tlongbeforeBrendaBongos—“TheMusicalAstronaut”—hadbecomeveryfamous.Somanypeoplecametoseeherplayinherspacebubblethatshehadtomountapairofspeakerssothateveryonecouldlistentoherplay.Shortlyafterwardsshecameoutofthebubble