高考英語(yǔ)模擬卷試卷及答案(二)

高考模擬卷(三)第一部分聽(tīng)力(略)第二部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分35分)第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21.Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundstheyarenotobjectivelytrue，andthatgiants，witches，two-headeddragonsetcdonotexist.A.that B.whatC.which D.when答案A解析考查同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。句意為：也有人反對(duì)童話(huà)故事，理由是它們?cè)诳陀^上不真實(shí)，巨人、女巫、雙頭龍等不存在。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后的同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明grounds的具體內(nèi)容，從句中不缺成分且意義完整。因此本題選A。22.Thoughscientistsgetclosertounderstandingwhyweage,thereasonfordifferentagingratesamongindividualsremainsonlyunderstood.A.concretely B.thoroughlyC.vaguely D.flexibly答案C解析考查副詞詞義辨析。concretely具體地；thoroughly徹底地；vaguely含糊地，茫然地；flexible靈活的。句意為：盡管科學(xué)家對(duì)人類(lèi)衰老的原因有了更深的了解，但對(duì)于個(gè)體衰老速度不同的原因，人們?nèi)灾跎佟９蔆項(xiàng)正確。23.Theexpertpointsoutthephenomenonthatcreamgoesbadfasterthanbutteritsstructureratherthanitschemicalcomposition.A.livesupto B.getsdowntoC.comesdownto D.standsupto答案C解析考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：專(zhuān)家指出，奶油變質(zhì)的速度快于黃油的這種現(xiàn)象，歸根結(jié)底是因?yàn)樗慕Y(jié)構(gòu)，而不是它的化學(xué)成分。liveupto符合；getdownto著手；comedownto歸根結(jié)底；standupto經(jīng)得起，根據(jù)題意，故選C。24.—youneedanyhelp，feelfreetocontactme.—Thankyouforyourkindness.A.May B.WillC.Shall D.Should答案D解析考查if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意為：——如果你需要幫助，請(qǐng)隨時(shí)與我聯(lián)系。——謝謝你的好意。此處是省略if的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如果省略if則將助動(dòng)詞should提前。故選D。25.—Oh，myGod!What’swrongwithyou?—IwasgoingthenormalspeedlimitwhenatruckappearedinfrontofmeandIdidn’thavetimetostop.A.betweenthelines B.aroundtheclockC.outoftheblue D.overthemoon答案C解析考查習(xí)慣表達(dá)。句意為：——天啊，你怎么了啊？——我當(dāng)時(shí)正以正常速度行駛，突然一輛卡車(chē)沖到我的前面，我沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間踩剎車(chē)了。betweenthelines字里行間；aroundtheclock全天24小時(shí)；outoftheblue出其不意地；overthemoon狂喜。故選C。26.TheywillflytoChicago，theyplantostayinfortwoorthreedays.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when答案C解析根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，theyplantostayinfortwoorthreedays是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，句中stayin后面缺一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，所以用which或者that代指前面的Chicago，但是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能用that，故選C。27.Eithersideseemstohavea(n)position；therearestillmanyuncertaintiesonthisissue.A.ambiguous B.delicateC.explicit D.confidential答案A解析考查形容詞辨析。句意為：雙方似乎都有一個(gè)模糊的立場(chǎng)；在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上仍然有許多不確定性。ambiguous模糊的；delicate精美的；explicit明確的；confidential機(jī)密的。故A選項(xiàng)正確。28.—Howdidyouenjoythegame?—Iwasimpressedbytheenergyandshownbytheplayers.A.qualification B.commitmentC.investment D.privilege答案B解析考查名詞。句意為：——你覺(jué)得這場(chǎng)比賽怎么樣？——球員們表現(xiàn)出的活力和奉獻(xiàn)精神給我留下了深刻的印象。qualification資格；commitment奉獻(xiàn)，承諾；investment投資；privilege特權(quán)。結(jié)合句意可知答案為B。29.Shefelttotallyhopelessaboutthefutureonedayshelearnedaboutacharitywhichprovidedmicroloantowomentostartbusiness.A.until B.onceC.unless D.when答案A解析句意：她對(duì)未來(lái)感到徹底絕望了，直到有一天她聽(tīng)說(shuō)有家慈善機(jī)構(gòu)提供小額貸款給自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的女性。until直到……才，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。30.—Hey!EveryoneintheofficewasatthedinnerpartyinhonorofMrCharlesexceptyou.Whathappened?—IafterMike，mycolleague.Hewasbadlyill.A.havelooked B.waslookingC.wouldlook D.hadlooked答案B解析考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：——嘿，辦公室除了你所有人都在為查理斯先生慶祝的晚宴上。發(fā)生了什么事？——我當(dāng)時(shí)正在照顧麥克，我的同事。他病得很厲害。通過(guò)上文可知下文說(shuō)的是在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(別人參加晚宴時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情，故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，選B。31.makingdecisions，thehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththecomputerbecauseinthelongprocessofevolutiontheslowpaceoflifedidn’trequiresuchanabilityofthehumanbrain.A.Onbehalfof B.IncontrasttoC.Insaluteto D.Intermsof答案D解析考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：在做決定方面，人類(lèi)的大腦無(wú)法與計(jì)算機(jī)相比，因?yàn)樵诼L(zhǎng)的進(jìn)化過(guò)程中，生活的緩慢節(jié)奏并不需要人類(lèi)大腦有這樣的能力。onbehalfof代表；incontrastto相比之下；insaluteto向……致敬；intermsof按照，在……方面。故選D。32.IcameacrossanoldschoolfriendinChinaTownlastweek，athisfunnyhairstyle.A.surprised B.surprisingC.beingsurprised D.havingsurprised答案A解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：上個(gè)星期我在唐人街遇到一位老同學(xué)，他的滑稽發(fā)型讓我很驚訝。此處是形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)形容主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為I指人，而surprised用來(lái)修飾人，表示“對(duì)……感到驚訝”。故選A。33.Mikeislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoeshisboss.A.serves B.satisfiesC.promises D.supports答案B解析serve為……服務(wù)；satisfy使?jié)M意；promise許諾；support擁護(hù)。句意為：邁克正在尋找另一份工作，因?yàn)樗杏X(jué)他所做的任何事都不能使老板滿(mǎn)意。由句意可知答案選B。34.Homeissomebodynoticeswhenyouarenolongerthere.A.that B.whenC.how D.where答案D解析考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意為：家是一個(gè)當(dāng)你不在的時(shí)候別人會(huì)注意到(你不在)的地方。where在此處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，意為“地點(diǎn)，場(chǎng)所”。35.—Whatawasteoftimetowatchsuchaboringmatch!—.Whynotswitchthechannel?A.It’snobigdealB.WithyourpermissionC.MyfeelingsexactlyD.You’vegottobekidding答案C解析考查情景交際。It’snobigdeal沒(méi)什么大不了的；Withyourpermission在你允許的情況下；Myfeelingsexactly我也這么認(rèn)為，我的感覺(jué)也是這樣；You’vegottobekidding你一定在開(kāi)玩笑。句意為：——看這么無(wú)聊的比賽，真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間！——我也這么認(rèn)為，為什么不換個(gè)頻道？故選C。第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分20分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenIwassmall，Ispokewithastutter(結(jié)巴).IfIhadacentforeverytimeIwas36，Icouldhavepotentiallyretiredattwelve.It’snoteasybeingakid，andit’sespeciallydifficultwhenyou’re37.ThebiggestfearformostAmericansispublicspeaking，soimaginebeingastutteringchildhavingto38aparagraphfromCharlotte’sWeb39theentireclasslooks，listens，andlaughs.It’s40.Thatall41formeintheeighthgradewhenIdecidedto42myanxietyby43toreadeachandeverytime.Myhandwasalwaysthefirsttogoupandstayedupformostoftheclass.Ichosetobeincomplete44ofwhatandwhentoread.Ifkidslaughed，I’dusuallyhaveawittyone-linerto45，whichwouldfinallyshutthemup.Fromthenon，Ineveragainlookedatmystutteringasa(n)46challenge.Fastforwardto2012andI’macomic.WhenI47incomedy，mygoalwassimplytomaketheaudience48.Butaftereachshow，I’dgetfeedback(反饋)onhowmycomedyhelpededucatethemtounderstandand49thosewhoalsosufferedfromaspeechdisorder.Iwas50.Untilseeingmyroutine，they’dneverconsideredthe51apersonwhostuttersfacesonadailybasis.Imaginethefearoftalkingonatelephone.Imaginethefearoforderingfoodatarestaurant.Stutteringisstilloneofthegreat52.I’vebeenstutteringforfortyyearsandstillcan’texplainit.53，I，justlikeanypersonwhostutters，havemygooddaysandbaddaysandeverythinginbetween.Whetherit’sabignoseoruglytoes，weallhave54thateachofusshould55；ifnot，howcanwepossiblyexpectunderstandingandsupportfromothers?語(yǔ)篇解讀從小口吃的作者學(xué)會(huì)了勇敢面對(duì)自己的不足，也努力影響他人來(lái)理解和接納身體有缺陷的人。36.A.lookedinto B.madefunofC.lookedafter D.madeuseof答案B解析根據(jù)下文中的“theentireclasslooks，listens，andlaughs...”可知，如果每被嘲笑一次，我就得到一美分的話(huà)，估計(jì)我在十二歲的時(shí)候賺的錢(qián)就夠養(yǎng)老了。makefunof取笑，符合語(yǔ)境。lookinto調(diào)查，觀察；lookafter照顧，打理；makeuseof使用，利用。37.A.sympathetic B.differentC.ashamed D.desperate答案B解析根據(jù)文章首句可知，我和別人不同。different不同的，有區(qū)別的，符合語(yǔ)境。sympathetic同情的；ashamed羞愧的；desperate絕望的，極度渴望的。38.A.write B.selectC.record D.read答案D解析根據(jù)上文中的“ThebiggestfearformostAmericansispublicspeaking...”可知，此處指口吃的孩子要當(dāng)著全班同學(xué)的面朗讀(read)《夏洛特的網(wǎng)》當(dāng)中的一段。39.A.as B.incaseC.though D.nowthat答案A解析參考上題解析。as意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，符合語(yǔ)境。40.A.impossible B.uneasyC.lonely D.unusual答案B解析口吃的孩子要當(dāng)著全班同學(xué)的面朗讀《夏洛特的網(wǎng)》當(dāng)中的一段，在大庭廣眾之下暴露自己的弱點(diǎn)會(huì)讓人很不舒服，uneasy意為“不舒服的，不安的”，符合語(yǔ)境。41.A.changed B.disappearedC.returned D.settled答案A解析根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，當(dāng)我決定通過(guò)主動(dòng)要求朗讀來(lái)緩解焦慮時(shí)，事情有了變化(change)。42.A.share B.ignoreC.relieve D.employ答案C解析根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，我主動(dòng)要求朗讀的目的是緩解焦慮。relieve緩解，減輕，符合語(yǔ)境。43.A.appearing B.pretendingC.preparing D.volunteering答案D解析參考上題解析。volunteer自愿，主動(dòng)要求，符合語(yǔ)境。44.A.control B.stateC.support D.satisfaction答案A解析根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，我選擇做自己的主人翁，自己控制(control)朗讀內(nèi)容和時(shí)間。45.A.showup B.cutoutC.shootback D.breakdown答案C解析如果同學(xué)們?nèi)⌒ξ?，我就用機(jī)智的俏皮話(huà)頂回去，讓他們閉嘴。shootback頂回去，還擊，符合語(yǔ)境。showup到場(chǎng)；cutout裁剪，停止；breakdown失敗，損壞。46.A.interesting B.significantC.confusing D.delicate答案B解析根據(jù)上文可知，我不再把自己的口吃看作是很大的挑戰(zhàn)。significant有意義的，重大的，符合語(yǔ)境。delicate微妙的，精巧的。47.A.accomplished B.setoutC.acted D.startedout答案D解析根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，最開(kāi)始從事(startout)喜劇的時(shí)候，我只是單純地想要逗笑(laugh)觀眾。48.A.laugh B.promiseC.applaud D.think答案A解析參考上題解析。49.A.remember B.respectC.recognize D.receive答案B解析根據(jù)understand可知，表演之后，我通過(guò)反饋得知我的喜劇不僅為觀眾帶來(lái)了歡樂(lè)，還起到了教育意義，人們通過(guò)觀看我的喜劇學(xué)會(huì)理解和尊重有語(yǔ)言障礙的人。respect尊敬，敬重，符合語(yǔ)境。remember記得，回想起；recognize認(rèn)出，識(shí)別；receive收到，得到。50.A.putthrough B.caredforC.blownaway D.dependedon答案C解析根據(jù)下文“Untilseeingmyroutine，they’dneverconsidered...”可知，得知人們?cè)诳次业谋硌葜?，從?lái)沒(méi)有為有語(yǔ)言障礙的人考慮過(guò)時(shí)，我很驚訝。blowaway使某人大吃一驚，給……留下深刻印象，符合語(yǔ)境。putthrough實(shí)行，接通；carefor照料，喜歡；dependon依賴(lài)，相信。51.A.challenges B.opportunitiesC.dilemmas D.consequences答案A解析根據(jù)第三段最后一句和倒數(shù)第三段中的“Imaginethefearoftalkingonatelephone.Imaginethefearoforderingfoodatarestaurant.”可知，口吃的人每天都面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。challenge挑戰(zhàn)，符合語(yǔ)境。opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；dilemma進(jìn)退兩難的窘境；consequence結(jié)果，后果。52.A.findings B.unknownsC.adventures D.worries答案B解析根據(jù)下文中的“I’vebeenstutteringforfortyyearsandstillcan’texplainit.”可知，結(jié)巴仍然是一個(gè)解釋不了的現(xiàn)象(unknown)。53.A.Therefore B.OtherwiseC.Instead D.Nevertheless答案D解析根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，前后兩個(gè)句子為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。然而(nevertheless)，我和其他口吃的人一樣每天過(guò)著平淡的日子。54.A.illnesses B.anxietiesC.imperfections D.failures答案C解析根據(jù)上文“Whetherit’sabignoseoruglytoes”可知，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該接納(accept)自己的不足之處(imperfection)。imperfection不完美，瑕疵，符合語(yǔ)境。55.A.accept B.expectC.believe D.entertain答案A解析參考上題解析。第三部分閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAfricaFinanceCorporation(AFC)isanAfrican-ledinternationalfinanceinstitutionestablishedin2007tobridgeAfrica’sinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)investmentgapthroughthesupplyofdebtandequityfinance，projectdevelopment，andtechnicalandfinancialadvisoryservices.AFChasinvestedoverUSD4.5billionininfrastructureprojectsin28countriesacrossAfrica，withafocusonpower，transport，telecommunications，heavyindustriesandnaturalresources.AFCislookingtoappoint，foraperiodof5years(renewable)，anewCEO.ThisindividualwhowillbebasedinLagos，Nigeria，willoverseeallstrategicandbusinessaspectsoftheinstitution.ThisCEOwillhaveresponsibilityfortheday-to-dayleadership，strategy，operationalmanagement，andgrowthoftheAFCandwillguidetheorganizationasitmovesintothenextphaseofitsdevelopment.TheCEOmustpossessexcellentdiplomaticandleadershipskills，anaturalcapacityforinvestment&fundraisingandaprovencapabilitytomanageshareholders(股東).Femalecandidatesareparticularlywelcomeastheyarecurrentlyunder-representedatthislevel.Candidatesshouldhavetheprofessionalexperienceandstandingtocommandtherespectandtrustofmembersofthebusinessandgovernmentalcommunityandwillhave.?Experienceincomplexinfrastructureandprojectfinancing?Experienceinoriginating，executingandmanagingequityandloanandguaranteetransactions?Experienceinotheraspectsofmanagingaworld-classfinancialinstitutionlikeassetandliabilitymanagement，riskmanagementandenvironmentalandsocialmanagement?ExperienceinemergingmarketfinancingandinvestmentsinAfrica?StronganalyticalandcommunicationskillsApplicantsarerequestedtosendadetailedCV，coverletter，andreferencestoAFC@.ApplicationsthatmeetthecriteriamustarrivebyemailnolaterthanmidnightonMay31st,2019.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇AFC公司招聘新CEO的信息。56.WhatcanwelearnabouttheAFC?A.Ithasfewfemalestaff.B.ItsCEOissubstitutedeveryfiveyears.C.Itwillhavebeenestablishedfortwelveyearsin2019.D.Itprovidesserviceforprojectsacrosstheworld.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“AfricaFinanceCorporation(AFC)isanAfrican-ledinternationalfinanceinstitutionestablishedin2007...”可知，截止到2019年，AFC成立了十二年了。57.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.TodisplaythepersonalqualitiesnecessarytoworkintheAFC.B.TotellaboutthedetailedinformationabouttheAFC.C.Toraisecapitalforaninfrastructureproject.D.ToseektoemployaCEO.答案D解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第二段以及后文內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章的目的是為AFC公司招聘一名CEO。BIknowthatIshouldn’tfeedmytwodaughters，whoareeightandtwelve，dinnerat7∶30.It’stoolate.Andso，asfewweeksago，facedwithyetanotherlatemeal，myyoungerdaughterfellintooneofthoseangersituations.Annoyedataperceivedinequityinhouseworkdistribution，sheputforcefullymyglassofsodaontothecounter，somewhatsplattering(飛濺)theliquidontothefloorandme.Shetoldme，“You’renotbeingnice！You’rebeingastupidoldparentwhoknowsnothing！”Shortlyafterthis，Icameacrossastudyinwhichmenandwomenstuckpinsintodollsasameasureoftheirannoyancewiththeirspouses(配偶).Theresearchersfoundthatthesubjectsweremorelikelytostickinlotsofpinswhentheirglucose(葡萄糖)levelwaslow.Iwasinterested—thefindingsseemedtoexplainmyexperiencewithmykids，andofferedaclearsolution：eatregularly，enhanceself-control.Thestudygotalotofattention—storiesonthe“Today”show，ABCNews，NPR，andlotsofnewspapersaroundtheworld.TheOhioStatepsychologistBradBushman，wholedthestudy，says，“Withlessglucosethebrakeonself-controlisweakened.”Butdowereallyknowwhatwethinkweknowaboutbloodsugarandthebrain？Foryears，theUniversityofPennsylvaniapsychologyresearcherRobertKurzbanhasbeenwatchingtheglucosetheorystorepositivepress.Hefindsthisdeeplyfrustrating.“It’saveryentertainingidea，”hesays，“butasascientistIfeellikeweshouldthinkaboutwhetheritiscorrect.”Kurzbanandscientistsdon’tdenythathungeraffectsmood.Thisisobvious，theysay.Butitdoesn’tprovethatglucosefuelsself-control，orthatlowglucosecausesafailureofself-control.Kurzbantoldme，thebrainrarelyrunsshortofglucose.Althoughitusesmorecaloriesthanmostotherorgans，thebraindoesn’tconsumethatmuchenergy—alittlemorethantencaloriesanhour.Inastudypublishedin2012，theNorthwesternUniversitysocialpsychologistDanielMoldenfoundthatmentalactivitydoesn’tconsumeextraglucose.Tobefair，eventhesupportersoftheglucoseideaagreethatself-controlismultifaceted(多方面的)andnotonlyregulatedbyglucose.ButtoMolden，givingsomuchweighttoglucosecanleadtoincorrectstrategiesforactivatingself-controlinreallife.Itminimizesthefactthathumans，withtheirbig，complexbrains，haveauniqueabilitytodirecttheirownbehaviorandoverride(不顧)theirownimpulses(沖動(dòng)).“Youcan’tthrowfuelatself-controlproblems，”hesays.“Talkingaboutmotivation，helpingpeoplefocus，that’snoteasy，butitcanwork.Itismuchmoreeffectivethangivingpeoplesnacks.”語(yǔ)篇解讀此前有研究表明，血糖低會(huì)降低自控能力，但賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)的心理學(xué)研究專(zhuān)家羅伯特·庫(kù)爾茨班認(rèn)為這個(gè)理論并不靠譜，與此相關(guān)的另一位研究者丹尼爾·莫頓指出，人類(lèi)的自控能力與血糖的關(guān)系不大。58.Theauthor’syoungerdaughterbehavedbadlybecauseshe.A.consideredtheauthornotcleverB.feltshehadbeenunfairlytreatedC.didn’tthoughttheauthorwasfriendlytoherD.wasveryfullbuttheauthorcontinuedtofeedherdinner答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Annoyedataperceivedinequityinhouseworkdistribution，sheputforcefullymyglassofsodaontothecounter”可知，作者的小女兒發(fā)脾氣是因?yàn)閷?duì)家務(wù)的分配感到不滿(mǎn)。59.Whatcanbelearnedfromthethirdparagraph?A.Kurzbandoubtstheglucosetheory.B.Kurzbanfindstheglucosetheoryinteresting.C.BradBushmanwinsfameontheglucosetheory.D.BradBushman’stheorydoesn’tdeserveattention.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“‘It’saveryentertainingidea，’hesays，‘butasascientistIfeellikeweshouldthinkaboutwhetheritiscorrect.’”可知，庫(kù)爾茨班對(duì)葡萄糖理論持懷疑態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。60.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph4probablymeans“thebrain”.A.isfairlyshortofglucoseB.seldomlacksglucoseC.rarelyinteractswithglucoseD.workswellwithoutglucose答案B解析句意理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Althoughitusesmorecaloriesthanmostotherorgans，thebraindoesn’tconsumethatmuchenergy—alittlemorethantencaloriesanhour.”可知，大腦耗能并不多，由此可推知畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分意思是：大腦很少會(huì)耗盡葡萄糖。故選B項(xiàng)。CAttheendofthelasticeage，around11,700yearsago，Earth’sclimatebeganwarmingrapidly.Astheplanetheatedup，itsvastglaciers(冰川)fellback.Almostimmediatelyafterwardsvolcanicactivitysurged.Thatwasnothingnew.Thegeologicalrecordhasplentyofevidenceofbigglacialwithdrawalsthatarefollowedbymorefrequentvolcaniceruptions.This，atleast，isthecaseforreallybigclimaticswings.Whathasbeenlesscleariswhethermoremodestchangesinicecovermightalsoaffecttherateoferuptions.Giventhathumansarebusywarmingtheplanet，andthereforeshrinkingthefew，relativelysmallglaciersthatstillexist，thisquestionmatters.Itwouldbegoodtoknowifmorevolcaniceruptionsmightbeanotherconsequenceofglobalwarming.InapaperjustpublishedinGeology，GraemeSwindles，ageographerattheUniversityofLeeds，suggeststhatitwill—eventually.Thefinedetailsofhowglaciersarelinkedtovolcaniceruptionsareunknown.Butvolcanologists’theoryisthattheweightoflargeicesheetspressesthecrust(地殼)andmantle(地幔)below.Thatclosesupchannelswithintherockthroughwhichmagma(巖漿)travelstowardsthesurface.Italsoleaveslessroomforsurfacewatertomakeitswaydownintotherocks，where，assteam，itcanincreasethepressurewithinmagmaspaces.Removetheice，bycontrast，andthoseprocessesgointoreverse.Dr.SwindlesandhiscolleaguesstudiedlayersofashfromIcelandicvolcanoesthatweredepositedoverIcelandandnorthernEuropeduringtherelativelymildperiodsincetheendoftheiceage，aswellasvolcanicdepositsfromIcelanditself.Theiranalysisrevealedanunusualperiodbetween5,500and4,500yearsagowhennoashfromIcelandicvolcanoesfounditswaytoEurope，andwhenthedepositrecordfromIcelandsuggeststhatnomajoreruptionstookplace.WhenDr.Swindlescomparedthevolcanicrecordwiththeclimateliterature，hefoundthattheabsenceoferuptionswasprecededbyabigchangeinatmosphericcirculationpatternsabout6,100yearsago.ThatwouldhaveencouragedIceland’sglacierstoadvance.Whenconditionschangedagainathousandyearslater，thistimetofavorglacialwithdrawals，volcanicactivitypickedupafterafewhundredyears.Baseduponthesefindings，Dr.Swindlesarguesthatevenminorincreasesanddecreasesinglaciercoverprobablydoaffectvolcanicactivity，althoughwithafairlyintervalofperhapsfiveorsixhundredyears.Themodernworldisalreadyrecoveringfromitsownminiatureglaciation，the“LittleIceAge”，whichlastedfromabout1500to1850.Combinethatwithyetmoreglacialmelt，causedthistimebyhuman-drivenwarming，andthecenturiesaheadmaybenoticeablyfiercerthanthoseoftherecentpast.語(yǔ)篇解讀利茲大學(xué)地質(zhì)學(xué)家格雷姆·斯溫德斯博士在最新發(fā)表的文章中認(rèn)為，輕微的冰川變化最終也可能會(huì)影響火山爆發(fā)的頻率。61.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A.Volcanoestendtoeruptmorefrequentlyintheabsenceofglaciers.B.Naturaldisastersarebecomingmorefrequentanddestructive.C.Beforethelasticeage，therewereseldomvolcaniceruptions.D.Frequentvolcaniceruptionshavemeltedmanyglaciers.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thegeologicalrecordhasplentyofevidenceofbigglacialwithdrawalsthatarefollowedbymorefrequentvolcaniceruptions.”可知，冰川退卻后火山爆發(fā)更加頻繁，故A項(xiàng)正確。62.Dr.Swindles’studyismainlytofigureoutwhether.A.smallchangesinglaciersproduceaneffectonvolcanicactivityB.globalwarmingisprimarilycausedbyvolcaniceruptionsC.bigclimatechangeswillcausemorevolcanicexplosionsD.volcanicrecordsandclimateliteratureareauthentic答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，斯溫德斯博士的研究主要是要弄清楚輕微的冰川變化是否也會(huì)引起火山的爆發(fā)。63.AccordingtoParagraph3，theconnectionbetweenglaciersandvolcaniceruptionsis.A.rock B.waterC.pressure D.temperature答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“theweightoflargeicesheetspresses...Italsoleaveslessroom...itcanincreasethepressure...”可知，冰川和火山噴發(fā)的主要聯(lián)系是“壓力”。64.AccordingtoDr.Swindles’study，whatwillprobablyhappenafterhundredsofyears?A.TherewillbeaniceageaftertheEarthcoolsdown.B.Volcanoeswillbreakoutevenmorefiercely.C.Volcaniceruptionswillbeundercontrol.D.TherewillbenoglaciersontheEarth.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句可知，隨著地球溫度不斷升高，冰川消融，幾百年后，火山爆發(fā)的局勢(shì)更加嚴(yán)峻。DAt88，Iremainacompetitiverunner.Thefinishlineofmylifeisdrawingclose，andIhopetoreachithavinggiventhebestofmyselfalongtheway.I’vebeentrainingmybodytomeetthedemandsofthisfinalstretch.But，Iwonder，shouldIhaveaskedmoreofmymind?IfIdidn’texercise，Iwouldreleasethehungrybeaststhatseektheirelderlypreyoncouches，butnotinthegym.ThemoreIsweated，themorelikelyitwasmydoctorwouldcontinuetosay，“Keepdoingwhatyou’redoing，andI’llseeyounextyear.”Mymind，ontheotherhand，seemslesswillingtogiveintodiscipline.IhavetriedInternet“braingames”，solvingalgebraicproblemsflashingpastandchangingtherouteofvirtualtrainstoavoidcrashes.ButtheseneverapproachmydeterminationtoremainphysicallyfitasImovedeeperintooldage.Despitehavingmanyfriendsintheir70s,80sand90s，I’vebeenfartooslowtorealizethathowwerespondtoagingisachoicemadeinthemind，notinthegym.Someofmyhealthiestfriendscarrythemselvesasvictimsabusedbytime.Otherfriends，manywhoseachingkneesandhipsaretheleastoftheirphysicalproblems，findcomfortintheirabilitytoacceptoldageasjustanotherstageoflifetodealwith.Iwouldusetheword“heroic”todescribethewaytheycopewithaging.Onesuchfriendrecentlycalledfromahospitaltotellmeasuddenbraindiseasehadmadehimlegallyblind.HeinterruptedmeasIbegantellinghimhowterriblysorryIwas:“Bob，itcouldhavebeenworse.Icouldhavebecomedeadinsteadofblind.”DespiteallthetimeIspendliftingweightsandexercising，IrealizedIlackthestrengthtohavesaidthosewords.ItsuddenlystruckmethatI’vepaidapriceforbeinga“gymrat”.Ifthereisonecharacteristiccommontofriendswhoareagingwithagracefulacceptanceoflife’sattacks，itiscontentment.AginghadtobemorethanwhatIsawinamirror.ButratherthanundertakingafundamentalchangeinthewayIfaceaging，Ifelttheplacetobeginwouldbetostartsmall.Arecentlunchprovidedaperfectexample.I’vealwaysfounditextremelydifficulttoconcentratewhenI’minanoisysetting.Atthislunchwithafriendinanoutdoorrestaurant，alandscaperbeganblowingleavesfromunderneaththebushessurroundingourtable.Typically，aftersuchanoisyinterruption，Iwouldhavesnapped，“Let’swaituntilhe’sfinished！”thenfallensilent.Whentheroar(吼叫)eventuallyfaded，myroarwouldhavedrained(消耗)theconversationofanywarmth.Ittroubledmethatevenapassingdistraction(分心)couldsoeasilytakemefromenjoyinglunchwithagoodfriendtoaplacethatgavemenopleasureatall.Iwantedthismealtobedifferent.Myyearsingymshadtaughtmetoshakeoffpainsandotherdistractions，neverpermittingthemtostopmyworkoutorrun.Idecidedtotreatthenoisethisway.Icontinuedtalkingwithmyfriend，challengingmyselftohearthenoise，buttoholditatadistance.Thedisciplinewassofamiliartomeinthegym—thistimeappliedtomymind—provedequallyeffectiveintherestaurant.ItwasasthoughIhadtakenmybraintoamentalfitnesscenter.Learningtoignorealeafblower’sroarhardlyequipsmetofindcontentmentduringmypassageintoever-deeperoldage.ButIleftthelunchfeelingIhadatleasttakenasmallfirststepinchangingbehaviorthatstoodinthewayofthatcontentment.CouldIemploythatsamedisciplinetoacceptwithdignitytheinevitabledeclineawaitingmelikethefinishline?HopingthatcontentmentwillguidemeasImakemywayalongthepathyettobetraveled.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文，作者在88歲的時(shí)候仍然經(jīng)常到健身房里鍛煉，希望自己可以坦然地面對(duì)人生終點(diǎn)。但是朋友的話(huà)讓他感覺(jué)自己需要在精神上要做出適當(dāng)調(diào)整來(lái)接受變老的事實(shí)。65.Theauthor’squestioninParagraph1impliesthat.A.hehasneverbelievedthenecessityofmindtrainingB.hehasrealizedheshouldmentallyprepareforagingC.hefeelsregretfornotsharpeninghisthinkingskillsD.hefeelsunsatisfiedwiththeresultofthebraingames答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“I’vebeentrainingmybodytomeetthedemandsofthisfinalstretch.But，Iwonder，shouldIhaveaskedmoreofmymind？”可知，到晚年的時(shí)候，“我”在身體上已經(jīng)做好了準(zhǔn)備，但是在精神上還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好。故B項(xiàng)正確。66.Theauthoruseshisfriendsasexamplesto.A.stressagingisanunavoidablestageoflifetofaceB.indicatethatpeopleseelifefrommanydifferentanglesC.proveit’ssignificanttobesurroundedwithpositivefriendsD.showit’simportanttotakehealthseriouslyinasensibleway答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容和第五段第一句可知，“我”的朋友坦然接受自己年老，慶幸自己沒(méi)有死去而僅僅是眼睛看不見(jiàn)了，這讓“我”意識(shí)到“我”可能沒(méi)有勇氣直面老去這個(gè)事實(shí)。故A項(xiàng)正確。67.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sfriendmentionedinParagraph4?A.Hefearsthathisillnesswillbecomeworse.B.Hetakesphysicalillnessesastheycome.C.Heneedstofindawaythroughthosehardships.D.Heseeslifeasaseriesofdisappointments.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，“我”的朋友告訴“我”腦部疾病讓他看不見(jiàn)了，同時(shí)還可能會(huì)讓他死亡。而“我”卻沒(méi)有勇氣說(shuō)這樣的話(huà)，說(shuō)明“我”的朋友很平靜地接受疾病。故B項(xiàng)正確。68.Afterthatrecentlunch，theauthorrealizedthat.A.distractionswerenotuncommonineverydaylifeB.therestaurantwasnotanidealplaceforeatingC.hisroarhadspoiledthefriendlyconversationD.hehadmadesmallchangestoadapttoaging答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，作者在這頓午餐以后，對(duì)變老有了更深的理解，在行為習(xí)慣上做出了小小的改變。故D項(xiàng)正確。69.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsexercisingintheend?A.Doubtful. B.Indifferent.C.Positive. D.Ambiguous.答案C解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第八段第一句可知，作者多年來(lái)在健身房里的鍛煉教會(huì)了他擺脫痛苦和其他分心的事情。這說(shuō)明他對(duì)鍛煉持積極的態(tài)度。故C項(xiàng)正確。70.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.OldAgeCurseandBlessingB.TheSecrettoAgingWellC.BenefitsofRegularExerciseD.NeverTooOldtoLearn答案B解析標(biāo)題歸納題。本文是一篇記敘文，作者在88歲的時(shí)候仍然經(jīng)常到健身房里鍛煉，希望自己可以坦然地面對(duì)人生終點(diǎn)。但是朋友的話(huà)讓他感覺(jué)自己需要在精神上要做出適當(dāng)調(diào)整來(lái)接受變老的事實(shí)。故B項(xiàng)正確。第四部分任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分10分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。UnlessyouarelikeNastyGal’sfounderSophiaAmoruso，thepasswordsyouusetoaccessyouremailandtheendlessotheraccountsyouneedforworkaren’tfilledwithintention.Withincreasingsecurityrequirements，it’slikelyyourword/numbercombinationsarebecomingevenlessmemorable.Butnewresearchsuggestsitmaynotbelongbeforeyouwon’tneedtomemorizepasswords.“Brainprint”，publishedinNeurocomputing，revealsthatthebrain’sreactiontocertainwordscouldbeauniqueidentifyingcode—likeafingerprint—thatcouldeventuallyreplacepasswords.Inasmallexperiment，theresearchersmeasuredthebrains’signalsof45volunteersastheyreadthroughalistof75acronymssuchasFBIandDVD.Theword-recognitionresponsedifferedsomuchbetweeneachparticipantthatasecondexperimentusingacomputerprogramcouldidentifyeachonewith94%accuracy.It’snotenoughtofeeltotallysecure，butpromisingenoughtohintatthefutureofsecuringsensitiveinformation.Theadvantageofusingsuchabiometricsystem(生物識(shí)別系統(tǒng))isthatitcanbeusedforcontinuousverification(驗(yàn)證)，NewScientistpointsout.Passwordsorfingerprintsonlyprovideatoolforone-offidentification.Continuousverificationcouldintheoryallowsomeonetointeractwithmanycomputersystemsatthesametimeorevenwithavarietyofintelligentobjects，withouthavingtorepeatedlyenterpasswordsforeachdevice.AsHollywoodhasillustrated，it’ssimplyamatterofcuttingoffafingertostealthatperson’sidentity.“Brainprints，ontheo