2021-2022學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit2IconicAttractionsSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage學(xué)案（含解析）新人教版選擇性

Unit2IconicAttractionsSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguageⅠ.核心詞匯及拓展1．________n.部長；大臣；外交使節(jié)2．________n.蛙；青蛙3．________n.箭；箭頭4．________n.適合度假的地方5．________n.領(lǐng)域；領(lǐng)土；范圍6．________vt.倡議；贊助；主辦n.(法案等的)倡議者；贊助者7．________n.自由8．________n.高爾夫球運動9．________n.海峽10．________n.樣本；樣品11．________n.紀念碑(或館、堂、像等)；歷史遺跡12．________vi.&n．(過去式________，過去分詞________)潛水；跳水；俯沖13．________n．自由；不受……影響的狀態(tài)→________adj.自由的；無約束的vt.使自由；釋放14．________vt.給……命名(或題名)；使享有權(quán)利15．________高峰季節(jié)Ⅱ.核心詞匯講解1．freedomn．自由；不受……影響的狀態(tài)freeadj.免費的；自由的；不受限制的vt.解放；解救；使擺脫adv.免費地keep...freefrom/of使……免受(影響；傷害等)；使……不含(有害物)befreeof不含……的；沒有……的；不受……傷害/影響的freeofcharge/forfree免費set...free釋放/放走……free...from/of...解放；使擺脫?After10yearsinprison,hewasgivenhisfreedom.他入獄10年以后又得到了自由。?Weshouldkeepourselvesfreefromdrugs.我們應(yīng)該遠離毒品。?Itwasseveralweeksbeforehewaspletelyfreeofpain.過了幾個星期他的疼痛才完全消除。?Setyourimaginationfreewhenyouthinkaboutthefuture.展望未來時要盡情想象。?Thedepartmentstoredeliversgoodsfreeofcharge.這家百貨商店免費送貨。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/翻譯句子①Youngparentsareadvisedtochoosenaturalfoodthatisfree________chemicalsfortheirchildrentomakesure________theirhealth.②Mysuggestionis________free.③It'sapitythatwecan'tarrangeforouragenda;otherwisewewouldenjoymore________(free)duringthewholejourney.④今年我們要設(shè)法讓花園不長雜草。______________________________________________________________________________________________⑤放松練習(xí)可以使你的身體免于緊張。______________________________________________________________________________________________[特別提示]befreeof作“不受……傷害/影響的”時，相當(dāng)于befreefrom。2．sponsorvt.倡議；贊助；主辦；資助；促成；舉辦n．(法案等的)倡議者；贊助者?Theraceorganisersaretryingtoattractsponsors.比賽的組織者在想方設(shè)法吸引贊助者。?Shefoundapanytosponsorherthroughcollege.她找到了一家公司資助她讀完大學(xué)。?Thegovernmentsponsoredanactivitytoraisemoneyforhomelesschildren.政府舉辦了一項活動來為無家可歸的孩子們籌錢。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Theexhibition________(sponsor)byhisfatherwasagreatsuccess.②Theactivity________(sponsor)bytheyoungman,________fatherwouldsponsorhimtocarryitout.③Myauntis________sponsorwho________(sponsor)anactivitytodonatemoneytopeopleinneedwhentheearthquakehappened.[語境串記]Thesponsorsponsoredanactivitytosponsorthepoorstudents.那位贊助者主辦了一場活動來贊助那些貧困生。DiscoverUsefulStructuresGrammar——復(fù)習(xí)過去分詞[新知導(dǎo)引]誦讀下列例句并感知畫線部分的共性1．Thedevelopedcountriesaresupposedtomakemoreeffortstoprotectourenvironment.2．TheChinesepeopletendtodrinkboiledwater.3．Boredathome,hedecidedtogotothemovies.4．Theboredmanwenttosleepduringthespeech.5．Leftalonewithnowheretogo,Istayedatthecafefor2hours.6．Hisheartbroken,henevermarriedagain.7．IheardthesongsunginEnglish.8．Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.9．Thelibraryisnowclosed.10．Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.11．Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.12．Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.13．Hehadhishaircutlastweek.[共性呈現(xiàn)]1．所有畫線部分均為過去分詞2．過去分詞可在句中作定語：句1、2、4、11、123．過去分詞可在句中作狀語：句3、5、6、84．過去分詞可在句中作表語：句9、105．過去分詞可在句中作賓補：句7、13[語法精釋]1．過去分詞(短語)作定語(1)單個的過去分詞放在被修飾的詞前面，作前置定語，與被修飾詞之間通常是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，也可以表示動作已經(jīng)完成。?cookedfood熟食?yourspokenEnglish你的英語口語但是有的過去分詞形式作定語時既不表示被動，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)，如lost(迷路的；丟失的)，retired(退休的)等。?thelostchild丟失的孩子?theretiredpeople退休的人們(2)過去分詞短語作定語，通常放在被修飾詞的后面，作后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，與被修飾詞之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。?ThemannamedTom(＝whoisnamedTom)ismyuncle.名叫湯姆的那個人是我的叔叔。?Thetopicdiscussedjustnow(＝whichwasdiscussedjustnow)isverypuzzling.剛剛討論的這個話題很令人費解。?Thegirldressedinred(＝whoisdressedinred)ismydaughter.穿紅衣服的女孩是我的女兒。(表狀態(tài))[特別注意]非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間存在被動關(guān)系時，用被動形式。下面我們來看一下過去分詞(done)、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式(beingdone)、不定式的被動式(tobedone)之間的區(qū)別。done表示被動、完成beingdone表示正在進行的被動tobedone表示將來的被動?Thebridgebuiltlastyearisimportant.去年建的那座橋很重要。?Thebridgebeingbuiltnowisimportant.正在建造的那座橋很重要。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearisimportant.明年要建造的那座橋很重要。2．過去分詞作表語(1)過去分詞作表語時，要放在系動詞如be，appear，feel，remain,seem,look,stay,keep,turn,get等之后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))Theglassisbroken.杯子碎了。eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))Iwaspleasedwiththenews.這個消息使我很高興。(2)有些過去分詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或主觀心理感受，作用相當(dāng)于形容詞。常見的詞有：interested，inspired，pleased，disturbed，satisfied,confused,astonished,bored,amused,convinced等。eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))Iwasconfusedabouttheconfusingmurder.我對這個令人費解的兇殺案感到困惑。eq\o(○,\s\up1(14))Thebosswasn'tastonishedattheastonishingnewsatall.老板對這個令人驚訝的消息一點也不吃驚。[特別注意]interesting,pleasing,boring這類詞表示“令人……的”，而interested，pleased,bored這類詞表示“感到……的”。3．過去分詞(短語)作賓語補足語(1)動詞的賓語補足語與賓語之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。eq\o(○,\s\up1(15))Mr.Smithhadhishousebrokenintowhilehewasawayonholiday.史密斯先生在外度假時，有人闖入了他家。eq\o(○,\s\up1(16))Hehadhisbicyclerepairedyesterday.昨天他找人修理了他的自行車。eq\o(○,\s\up1(17))Aliarcan'tmakehimselfbelieved.騙子不能使別人相信自己。eq\o(○,\s\up1(18))Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)門被鎖上時，他就回家了。(2)介詞的賓語補足語與賓語之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。eq\o(○,\s\up1(19))Shelayonthesofa,withherbodycoveredbyacoat.她躺在沙發(fā)上，身上蓋著一件外套。eq\o(○,\s\up1(20))Hestoodtherewithhiseyesfixedonthepicture.他站在那里，眼睛盯著那幅圖畫。4．過去分詞(短語)作狀語(1)過去分詞(短語)作狀語的含義和基本用法過去分詞(短語)在句子中可以作時間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、讓步狀語和伴隨狀語等。作狀語的過去分詞表示被動或完成的動作，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。過去分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語與主句的主語保持一致。①過去分詞(短語)作時間狀語eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.＝Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.從山上看，公園看起來很漂亮。②過去分詞(短語)作原因狀語eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))Greatlytouchedbyhisteachers'words,theboydidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.＝Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteachers'words,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.這個小男孩被老師們的話深深地打動了，所以他做了很多事情來幫助他的同學(xué)們。③過去分詞(短語)作條件狀語eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.＝Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.如果有更多的時間，我們可以做得更好。④過去分詞(短語)作讓步狀語eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))Warnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.＝Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.雖然農(nóng)民們已被提醒暴風(fēng)雨將要來臨，但他們?nèi)匀辉诘乩锔苫顑?。⑤過去分詞(短語)作伴隨狀語eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.＝Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.老師走進教室，一群學(xué)生跟著他。[特別注意]有些過去分詞(短語)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不表被動而表示主語的狀態(tài)。如：belostin(全神貫注，沉浸于)；betrappedin(陷入)；beburiedin(埋頭于，專心于)；beabsorbedin(全神貫注于，專心于)；beinterestedin(對……感興趣)；bedressedin(穿著)；bedeterminedto(決心)；bedevotedto(致力于)；beaddictedto(沉溺于)；beseated(坐好；落座)；befacedwith(面對)等。eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))Addictedtoputergames,helostinterestinstudy.沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲，他對學(xué)習(xí)失去了興趣。eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))Facedwithsomuchtrouble,wefailedtopletethetaskontime.面臨如此多的困難，我們沒能按時完成任務(wù)。(2)過去分詞(短語)作狀語和現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語的區(qū)別分詞作狀語時分詞的邏輯主語和主句的主語保持一致。過去分詞(短語)作狀語時，分詞和主語之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語時，分詞和主語之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))Seeingfromthehill,youwillfindthecitylookslikeabiggarden.從山上看，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這座城市看起來像個大花園。(you和see之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系)eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.從山上看，這座城市看起來像個大花園。(thecity和see之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系)[特別注意]過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式的區(qū)別：過去分詞done表示被動和完成的動作；現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式beingdone表示正在被進行的動作；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式havingbeendone表示動作是被動且在主句動作之前完成。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))Bittenbythesnakeinthebush,Susanwassentbacktothecamp.因為在灌木叢中被蛇咬了，蘇珊被送回了營地。eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))Beingtaughtbythetwogentlemen,Elizamadegreatprogress.被兩位紳士教導(dǎo)著，伊麗莎取得了很大的進步。eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))Havingbeenawardedsomanyprizesinliterature,Georgefeltthathisyearsofeffortswereworthit.在被授予很多文學(xué)獎項之后，喬治感到他多年的努力是值得的。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空1．①IneedanewpassportsoIhadmyphotograph________(take)yesterday.②Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeep________(focus)formorethananhouratatime.③Hisblack-and-whitepicturespresentaworld________(lose)intime.④Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime________(spend)withhisstudents.⑤Pricesofdailygoods________(buy)onlinecanbelowerthanstoreprices.⑥________(order)aweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveatanytimenow.⑦________(give)moreattention,hecouldhavegainedmoreachievements.⑧________(found)in1636,HarvardUniversityisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.⑨Once________(broadcast),theTVplaywillbeverypopularwithyoungpeople.⑩________(absorb)inwatchingthefilm,Jackdidn'tnoticemeenteringhisroom.2．①A________(lose)opportunityneverreturns.②Thisisthequestion________(give)．③What'sthelanguage________(speak)inGermany?④Mostofthepeople________(invite)tothepartywerefamousscientists.⑤It'stimetogetmyclock________(repair)．⑥Hewastryingtomakehimself________(understand)．⑦Ioftenhearthesong________(sing)inEnglish.⑧________(walk)aloneonherwayhome,shelookedbackwardsconstantlyasiffollowedbysomeone.⑨TheAmericanPresidentwentintotheroom,________(acpany)bytheofficialsandreporters.⑩________(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.3．①Theproblem________(discuss)nextweekisofgreatimportance.②Thebuilding________(build)nowisourfutureclassroom.③Theproblem________(discuss)justnowisofgreatimportance.④Thechildrenarejustbeginningtoget________(excite)aboutusingwordsandformingsentences.⑤Weare________(amaze)athisrapidrecovery.⑥________(dress)inredskirt,shelookscharming.⑦________(bite)severaltimesbythedog,thepostmanneverdeliveredalettertous.⑧Though________(lack)money,hisparentsstillmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.⑨________(spend)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinAmerica,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.⑩________(question)bythepolice,theboygotverynervous.Ⅰ.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Iwas________(surprise)tofindmyhometownchangedsomuch.2．Theoldcoupleboughtsome________(paint)chairs.3．TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish________(speak)asmuchaswecan.4．Tohersurprise,sheheardsomeone________(call)herinthestrangecity.5．Wemusthavethework________(finish)byTuesday.6．Chinaisa________countrywhileAmericaisa________country.(develop)7．________(lose)inthought,healmostfellintothewater.8．Properly________(mark)withnumbers,thebookscanbeeasilyfound.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Themanagerhadsomeonerepairthemachineyesterday.→Themanager________________yesterday.(過去分詞作賓語補足語)2．Thestorywaswrittenbyamiddleschoolstudent,anditispopularinschools.→Thestory________________ispopularinschools.(過去分詞作定語)3．Themurdererwasbroughtin,andhishandsweretiedbehindhisback.→Themurdererwasbroughtin________________behindhisback.