新教材適用2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit5MusicSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures學(xué)案新人教版必修第二冊

SectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures過去分詞作表語和狀語語法導(dǎo)圖語法講練一、過去分詞作表語1．意義位于系動詞(如be,get,become,look,feel,seem等)之后，多表示主語的狀態(tài)或狀況，它所體現(xiàn)的是形容詞的特性。D典例呈現(xiàn)Shelookeddisappointed.她看上去很悲觀。Wewereencouragedatthenews.聽到這個消息我們很受鼓舞。2．過去分詞作表語和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)分過去分詞表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài)感到……的現(xiàn)在分詞表示事物具有的特性令人……的常用的過去分詞interested,excited,surprised,puzzled,amused,confused,embarrassed,satisfied常用的現(xiàn)在分詞interesting,exciting,surprising,puzzling,amusing,confusing,embarrassing,satisfyingD典例呈現(xiàn)Climbingistiringandwearecompletelytiredafteraday'sclimbing.爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我們?nèi)祭蹓牧?。Wewereamazedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.我們對他在會上講的話很是驚異。Hiswordswerediscouraging，whichmademanypeoplediscouraged.他的話令人泄氣，使得許多人垂頭喪氣。W溫馨提示過去分詞作表語時與主語是動賓關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時與主語是主謂關(guān)系Q巧學(xué)助記Theybecamesoworriedthattheystayedawakeallnight.他們變得如此擔(dān)憂，以致一整晚都沒有睡覺。Thesituationbecamesoworryingthatsomethingshouldbedoneatonce.形勢變得令人擔(dān)憂，應(yīng)當(dāng)立即實行措施。J即學(xué)即練1單句語法填空(1)Iwastootired(tire)towalkanyfurther.(2)Whenheheardthemovingstory,hewasdeeplymoved.(move)(3)BothheandIaresatisfied(satisfy)withtheresult.3．過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)分過去分詞作表語時，強調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)，而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，強調(diào)動作。D典例呈現(xiàn)Thecupisbroken.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))杯子破了。ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.(被動語態(tài))杯子是被湯姆打破的。Thestoreisnowclosed.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))商店現(xiàn)在關(guān)門了。Thelibraryisusuallyclosedat8：00p．m.(被動語態(tài))圖書館通常晚上八點關(guān)門。J即學(xué)即練2推斷下列句子是系表結(jié)構(gòu)還是被動語態(tài)(1)Mypenisgone.系表結(jié)構(gòu)(2)Theplaywaswrittenwithgreatcare.被動語態(tài)(3)Weweresurprisedattheunexpectednews.系表結(jié)構(gòu)(4)Thebookwaswrittenbyasoldier.被動語態(tài)二、過去分詞作狀語◆過去分詞作狀語的語法意義1．語態(tài)方面從語態(tài)上講，過去分詞作狀語表示被動意義，即分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間為動賓關(guān)系。D典例呈現(xiàn)Builtthirtyyearsago,thehouselooksverybeautiful.盡管這座房子是30年前(被)建立的，但它看起來很美麗。Lookedatfromadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmorebeautiful.當(dāng)從遠(yuǎn)處看時，這幅畫好像更美了。2．時間方面：過去分詞作狀語表示被動動作的完成D典例呈現(xiàn)Discussedmanytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.探討多次之后這些問題最終解決了。Brokendownonthehighway,hiscarwascarriedawaybythepolice.他的車在高速馬路上壞了，于是被警察拖走了。J即學(xué)即練3單句語法填空(1)Guided(guide)byanartist,thegirlmadegreatprogress.(2)Completelyexamined(examine)bythedoctors，Mr.Leewentbacktoworkrightnow.(3)Worried(worry)abouttheirchildren'ssafety，theparentstogetherwiththeteacherswentintothemountainsinsearchofthelost(lose)students.(4)Praised(praise)bytheheadteacher，Amywasexcitedallday.(5)Faced(face)withadifficultsituation，Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.◆過去分詞作狀語的句法功能1．作時間狀語過去分詞作時間狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個由when,while,after,once等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。D典例呈現(xiàn)Oncepublished(＝Onceitispublished)，thedictionarywillbeverypopular.一旦出版，這本詞典將大受歡迎。2．作緣由狀語過去分詞作緣由狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個由as，since，because等引導(dǎo)的緣由狀語從句。D典例呈現(xiàn)Absorbedinpainting(＝Becausehewasabsorbedinpainting),Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于用心畫畫，約翰沒有留意到夜幕正在駕臨 。3．作條件狀語過去分詞作條件狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個由if，unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。D典例呈現(xiàn)Givenanotherhour(＝IfIamgivenanotherhour)，Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.假如再給我一個小時，我也能把這道題算出來。4．作讓步狀語過去分詞作讓步狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個由though，although，evenif/though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。D典例呈現(xiàn)Beatenbytheoppositeteam(＝Thoughwewerebeatenbytheoppositeteam)，wedidn'tloseheartandencouragedeachother.雖然被對方的隊?wèi)?zhàn)勝了，但我們并沒有灰心而是相互激勵。5．作方式或伴隨狀語過去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語時，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個并列句。D典例呈現(xiàn)Theoldmangotonthebus，supportedbyagirl(＝andhewassupportedbyagirl)．在一位姑娘的攙扶下，老人上了公共汽車。J即學(xué)即練4句型轉(zhuǎn)換(1)Whenitisseenfromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.→Seenfromthehill，thetownlooksmorebeautiful.(2)Whenhewasaskedabouttheaccident，Mr.Blackburstintotears.→Askedabouttheaccident,Mr.Blackburstintotears.(3)Mr.Yang，whowasdeeplymoved，thankedthekidsagainandagain.→Mr.Yang，deeplymoved,thankedthekidsagainandagain.(4)Ihavereadthebooktwice，whichwaswrittenbyafamousBritishwriter.→IhavereadthebookwrittenbyafamousBritishwritertwice.(5)Astheywereinfluencedbythewarm-heartedworker'sexample,thecoupledidcountlessgooddeeds.→Influencedbythewarm-heartedworker'sexample,thecoupledidcountlessgooddeeds.◆運用過去分詞作狀語的留意事項1．過去分詞作狀語時，有時為了強調(diào)，前面可帶有連詞，如：when,while,if,though,asif,unless,until等，以使句意表達(dá)得更清晰。D典例呈現(xiàn)Unlessconstantlyrepeated,theEnglishwordsareeasilyforgotten.這些英語單詞很簡單被遺忘，除非不斷重復(fù)記憶。Whenaskedwhyshecamehere,thegirlkeptsilent.當(dāng)有人問她為何來這兒時，那個女孩默默無語。2．過去分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語必需與句子的主語保持一樣(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語同樣如此)，否則需加上自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。D典例呈現(xiàn)Givenachance,wecansurprisetheworld.若給我們一個機會，我們會讓世人驚異。Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass，hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.他上課用心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。3．有些過去分詞來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不表示被動而重在描述主語的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost(迷失的)，seated(坐)，hidden(隱藏的)，lost/absorbedin(沉醉于)，dressedin(穿著)等。D典例呈現(xiàn)Lostinthought，hedidn'thearthebell.由于陷入深思之中，他沒有聽到鈴聲。J即學(xué)即練5單句語法填空(1)Greatlytouched(touch)bytheteacher'swords，hedidalotofthingstohelpclassmates.(2)Given(give)enoughwaterandsunlight，theplantwillgrowtothreemetres.(3)Divided(divide)intothreegroups,thestudentsbegantodiscussthetopicleftoverlasttime.(4)Offered(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie，Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.(5)Supported(support)byhisbrothers,hecouldcontinuehisstudyintheuniversity.專項練習(xí)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Devoted(devote)tohiswork，theprofessorcareslittleaboutanyotherthings.2．Dressed(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.3．Worn(wear)outafteralongwalk,Katecalledandsaidshecouldn'tcometotheparty.4．Freed(free)oftheburdenofice，theballoonclimbedupanddriftedaway.5．Onceconsidered(consider)adifficultandevendangerousplace,Vietnamisnowafriendlydestinationthatwelcomesvisitorsfromallovertheworld.6．Thoughtold(tell)tostop，thetwogirlskeptontalkingatthemeeting.7．Oncelost(lose)，suchachancemightnevercomeagain.8．Written(write)carelessly,yourcompositionisfullofmistakes.9．Trapped(trap)bystrongwindsanddeepsnow,Andymadeaholeinthesnowandcrawledintoasurvivalbag.10．Faced(face)withthepresentglobaldifficulteconomicsituation,manypeopledon'tdaretoinvestmoneyinthestockmarketanymore.11．Tonylookedtired(tire)andover-anxious.12．Intheeveningheisburied(bury)inhisbooks.13．Wearenotsatisfied(satisfy)withtheseresults.14．Hewasdiscouraged(discourage)frommakinganotherattempt.15．Tomwasmoresurprised(surprise)thandisappointed(disappoint)atthisnews.16．Ifeltexcited(excite)atthenews.17．Aftertheheavyrain,manycarsgotcaught(catch)inthemud.18．WhenIgothome,thedoorremainedlocked(lock)．19．Thewomandevoted(devote)tohissonbrokedownintheend.20．Hegottrapped(trap)inthebigfire.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Thehunterlefthishomeandhewasfollowedbyhisdog.→Thehunterlefthishome,followedbyhisdog.2．Whenitisheated,waterchangesintosteam.→Whenheated,waterchangesintosteam.3．Becausetheteacherwassatisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhiminclass.→Satisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhiminclass.4．Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil,theseseedsc