2025屆新教材高考英語全程一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit5HumansandNature學(xué)生用書北師大版必修第二冊

UNIT5HUMANSANDNATURE【基礎(chǔ)回顧】?核心詞匯——寫其形1．____________n.評論；看法2．____________n.災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍3．____________n.講座，講課；演講4．____________n.損害，損傷，損害5．____________vt.估量，衡量；測量6．____________vt.使震驚；使難以置信7．____________n.&vt.努力，嘗試，企圖8．____________vt.打斷講話9．____________n.&vt.營救；救援10．____________vi.&vt.逃離；躲避?閱讀詞匯——知其意1．droughtn.________________2．hurricanen.________________3．landsliden.________________4．whirlpooln.________________5．kangaroon.________________6．filen.________________7．whalen.________________8．dolphinn.________________9．sharkn.________________10．weedn.________________11．deern.________________?拓展詞匯——通其變1．a(chǎn)nxietyn．著急，焦慮→________adj.焦慮的；擔(dān)心的→________adv.焦慮地；擔(dān)心地2．conductvt.實施；進行；執(zhí)行；vi.&vt.指揮→________n．指揮者；售票員3．lossn．丟失；死亡→________v．丟失；丟掉4．curiousadj.新奇的→________n．新奇，新奇心5．harmn.&vt.損害，損害→________adj.有害的→________adj.無害的6．survivevi.&vt.活下來；幸存→________n．幸存，活下來→________n．生還者，生還者7．a(chǎn)mbitionn．志向，雄心；追求，夙愿→________adj.有志向的，有野心的，有志向的8．equaladj.相等的；相同的→________adv.相等地；同樣地；同等地→________n．同等9．processn．過程，進程→________n．(行列的)行進；(人或車輛等的)行列10．frightn．驚嚇，恐怖→________vt.使膽怯 ，使驚恐→________adj.受驚的，膽怯 的?高頻短語——記得牢1．________________對……束之高閣，對……撒手不管2．________________在……邊緣；某事快要發(fā)生(尤指不好的事)3．________________吸氣4．________________用完；耗盡?典型句式——懂其用1．how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Youcan'timagine________________alifethatIlivedthen.你想象不到那時我過著多么困難的生活。2．the＋比較級．..，the＋比較級．..越……，就越……__________wegettogether,__________wewillbe.我們相聚得越多，我們就越歡樂。3．makesb.dosth.讓某人做某事Wars________thepeacegoaway.斗爭使和平遠(yuǎn)離。Weweremade________________agoodjobinkeyconstructionprojects.要求我們搞好重點項目建設(shè)。4．Sb./Sth.bethefirsttodosth.某人/某物第一個做某事。Heisthefirst____________themathsproblem.他是第一個算出這道數(shù)學(xué)題的人?！竞诵目键c】?第一版塊|重點單詞1．floodn．洪水，水災(zāi)；大批，大量v．沉沒；(使)泛濫；(洪水般地)涌進/出；擠滿，擁滿；使大受感動，充溢(1)afloodof大量的……afloodofcomplaints大量投訴beinflood(河水)上漲，泛濫floodwater洪水infloodsoftears淚如雨下flood...with...把……大量送至……；使……充溢……(2)befloodedwith擠滿，擁滿；大量收到……floodin/into大量涌入floodback(感覺或回憶)涌上心頭，涌現(xiàn)floodsb.out(洪水)迫使某人離開家園floodsb.withquestions用大量的問題問某人◎單句語法填空①Theroomwasatonceflooded________light.②Shedrewthecurtainsandthesunlightflooded________．③________(flood)havebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.④Wecan'tcrossthemeadowtherebecausetheriveris________flood.⑤Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivitytoreplace________(flood)roadsandhighways.⑥Butwhenhefinallyreachedher,thewomanfloodedhim________questions.2mentn．評論；看法v．評論；注釋makecommentson/about對……作出評論makenocommenton/about對……不做評論withoutcomment不予評論nocomment無可奉告cause/attract/drawcomment引來/招來評論askforcomments征求看法offercomments提看法commenton/upon評論，對……提看法commentthat...評論說/稱……◎單句語法填空①Sherefusedtomakeacomment________theincident.②Thistime,however,Ijustcouldn'tletanissuegoby________comment.③Wouldyoucaretocomment________anytroublesomestudentsinyourclass?④Make________(comment)onlyonthesubjectsyouknowwell.3．crowdedadj.擁擠的；擠滿人的crowdvi.&vt.擠滿；塞滿；聚集；擁擠n．人群；觀眾becrowdedwith擠滿；擁擠crowdin擠進crowdin(on/uponsb.)(往事)涌現(xiàn)于(某人的)腦海crowdsb./sth.into/ontosth.＝crowdsb./sth.in把……裝滿……crowdinto/ontosth.大批涌入(狹小的空間)acrowdof一群incrowds成群地followthecrowd跟大家一樣；隨大溜◎單句語法填空①Thegirlstudentscameheretobuyflowers________crowds.②Theroadsare________(crowd)withvehiclesofallkinds.③Manypastmemoriescrowdedin________him.④It'simpossible________(crowd)anymorefootballsupportersin.⑤Thestreetwascrowded________carsandpeople.⑥Iwasverysurprisedwhenallofmyfriendscrowded________myroomtosayhappybirthdaytome.4.lecturen．講座，講課；演講v．訓(xùn)斥；講課；教育lecturern．演講者；講師givealecture 作演講，作講座goto/attendalecture 出席講座listentoalecture 聽講座alectureon/about... 關(guān)于……的講座aseriesoflectures 一系列講座alecturehall/room 演講廳/室lecturein/on(sth.) 就(某題目)作報告，辦講座lecturesb.forsth. 因……教訓(xùn)某人[誤區(qū)警示]表示“作演講”時，動詞不能用make，而用deliver或give。Hedelivered/gavealecturetothestudents.(√)Hemadealecturetothestudents.(×)Hemadeaspeechtothestudents.(√)◎單句語法填空①Shedoesn'ttalktome.She________(lecture)me.②Twostudentswaitedbehindtoputmorequestionstothe________(lecture).③Helectured________Russianliteraturetohisstudents.④Elderchildrendon'tlike________(lecture).5．escapevi.&vt.逃離；躲避n．逃跑；躲避；泄露(1)escapeto逃至……escapefromreality躲避現(xiàn)實escapefromone'smind/memory某事被某人遺忘escapedoing/beingdone躲避做……narrowlyescape九死一生escape/avoidresponsibility躲避/回避責(zé)任anarrow/luckyescape死里逃命；幸運逃脫(2)表示“逃跑”的詞匯：fleefrom從……逃離；避開fleeto逃到……runawayfrom從……逃跑getawayfrom從……離開[誤區(qū)警示]escape作“被……遺忘，沒有被……留意到”解時，用sth.escape(s)sb.結(jié)構(gòu)。Heraddressescapedme.我把她的地址忘了?！騿尉湔Z法填空①Ifoundnomethodofescape________painandsuffering.②Theyarereportedtohaveescaped________theothersideoftheborder.③Henarrowlyescaped________(hurt)intheaccident.④Theexplosionwascausedby________escapeofgas.⑤Thereisnowaytoescape________(do)thework.⑥Hehad________narrowescapewhenhiscarskiddedontheice.6．survivevi.&vt.活下來；幸存；艱難度過；比……活得長survivaln．生存；幸存；殘存物；遺風(fēng)survivorn．生還者，生還者(1)survivethedisaster幸免于難survivetheattack在攻擊中幸免于難survivetheearthquake在地震中幸免于難peoplewhosurvivecancer癌癥生還者survivethiscrisis渡過這個危機survivethedifficulties渡過難關(guān)(2)surviveon靠……活下來；靠……生存(＝liveon)survivefrom...從……沿襲/保存下來survivesb.by...year(s)比某人多活……年(3)構(gòu)詞法：survivev．(去e)＋-al→survivaln．如：arrive→arrival propose→proposalrefuse→refusal remove→removalapprove→approvalAfterhesurvivedtheearthquake,theoldmanbecameoneofthefewsurvivorsofthefamilyandhissurvivalmadehisoldfriendsveryhappy.這位老人在地震中幸存下來之后，成了這個家庭中少數(shù)的生還者之一，他的幸存使他的老摯友們很欣慰?！騿尉湔Z法填空①Itisoneofthegreatestbookstosurvive________theancientworld.②About1.3billionpeoplecurrentlyhavetosurvive________lessthan$1aday.③Mr.Tanner________(survive)byhiswifeandtwochildren.④Therewasonlyone________(survive)fromtheplanecrash.⑤Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking；________(survive)isnevercertain.7．curiousadj.新奇的；奇妙的curiouslyadv.新奇地curiosityn．新奇心becuriousabout... 對……新奇becurioustodosth. 很想做某事Itis/wascuriousthat... 驚奇的是……withcuriosity 新奇地outofcuriosity 出于新奇◎單句語法填空①Don'tbetoocurious________thingsyouarenotsupposedtoknow.②Thesalesgirlintheshoplookedatthem________(curious).③Itwascurious________shedidn'ttellanyone.④Sheopenedhereyesandlookedupatme________curiosityandhopefulness.⑤Iwascurious________(find)outwhatshehadsaid.⑥Wewenttotheshowoutof________(curious)morethananythingelse.8．equaladj.相等的；相同的vt.比得上；等于n．同輩；同等；同等的人或事務(wù)equallyadv.同等地；同等(重要)地equalityn．同等；相等(1)equalopportunities/rights同等的機會/權(quán)利anequalnumber/amountof相等數(shù)量的……beequalinsize/length大小/長度相等beequalto...與……相等；能勝任/應(yīng)付……onequalterms(withsb.)(與某人)地位同等(2)equalaworldrecord與世界紀(jì)錄打平(3)bewithoutequal/havenoequal無與倫比，無敵[誤區(qū)警示]beequalto作“勝任”講時，其后的to是介詞，后接名詞或動名詞，而不是動詞不定式符號。另外介詞to也不能錯用為as?！騿尉湔Z法填空①Billisquiteequal________runningtheoffice.②Allthesetechniquesare________(equal)effective.③Allmenarenotequal________ability.④Heisabasketballplayer________equalintheteam.⑤Onehorseisnotequalto________(pull)theheavycart.9．trapvt.困??；使陷于危急中n．圈套；陷阱；逆境(1)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(lay/setatrap（forsb.）（給某人）設(shè)下圈套,fall/walkintoatrap落入圈套))(2)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(trapsb./sth.in...使某人/某物困于……,trapsb.intosth./v.-ing誘騙某人實行某種行動,trapanimals捕獵動物,trapcriminals誘捕罪犯))(3)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(becaughtupin陷入；卷入,betrappedin...陷入；被困于……中))Theyweretrappedintheburninghotel.他們被困在發(fā)生火災(zāi)的旅館里?！騿尉湔Z法填空①Thirtyminersarestilltrapped________theminefollowingyesterday'sexplosion.②Thehunterset________traptocatchthefox.③Thethief________(trap)bythepoliceinanoldhouse.④It'seasytofall________atrap,buthardtogetoutagain.10.attemptn.&vt.努力，嘗試，企圖attemptedadj.未遂的attempttodosth.(＝trytodosth.)＝makeanattempttodosth./atdoingsth.企圖/試圖做某事atone'sfirstattempt在某人第一次嘗試時inanattempttodosth.試圖做某事afutileattempt徒勞的嘗試attemptarescue設(shè)法實行營救attemptedcrime犯罪未遂[詞語辨析]attempt與tryattempt較正式用詞，側(cè)重已經(jīng)起先，且希望完成，但常隱含著不肯定有預(yù)期的結(jié)果。try一般用詞，可與attempt換用，但強調(diào)努力或嘗試，后跟不定式表示努力或爭取，跟動名詞表示嘗試?！騿尉湔Z法填空①Hestudiedhard________anattempttopasstheexam.②Shepassedherdrivingtest________thefirstattempt.③[2024·江蘇卷]WhenWilsonreturnedhomefromhospitaltwomonthslater,hisparentsattempted________(find)awaytodealwiththecatastrophethathadhappenedtotheirlives.④Sometimeafter10，000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempt________(control)theworldtheylivedin,throughagriculture.⑤[2024·天津二考]Thiseffortisnotjustanattempt________beingcommunityminded—it'salsoacrimecuttingmeasure.11．damagen．損害，損傷，損害，損失；損害賠償金(pl.)v．損害；毀壞damagedadj.被損壞的，受損傷的(1)do/causedamageto損壞；破壞damageone'shealth損害某人的健康(2)becompletelydestroyedbyfire被大火徹底燒毀destroytheenvironment毀壞環(huán)境destroyone'sconfidence/hope/faith摧毀某人的信念/希望/信仰inruins成為廢墟[詞語辨析]damage,destroy與ruindamage部分性“破壞”“損壞”，一般還可修復(fù)。destroy徹底地“破壞”“毀壞”，一般不能或很難修復(fù)。ruin嚴(yán)峻地“毀壞”，側(cè)重于破壞事物的內(nèi)在價值?！騿尉湔Z法填空①Theflooddidalotofdamage________thecrops.②Withoutoxygen,thebrain________(damage)quickly.③Herheartwasslightly________(damage)asaresultofherlongillness.◎辨析填空：damage,destroy,ruin④Anatombombwould________acity.⑤Thepoliticsofthecompanywill________theirimage.⑥Manyhouseswere________bytheearthquake.12．measurevt.估量，衡量；測量n．措施；方法；度量單位；尺度；程度linkingv．(指尺寸、長短、數(shù)量等)量度為measurementn．測量；尺寸；數(shù)量measureone'sheight 測量某人的身高make...toone'smeasure 為某人量身定做……takeone'smeasure 給某人量尺寸takemeasurestodosth. 實行措施做某事beyondmeasure 特別；極其；不行估量[誤區(qū)警示]當(dāng)measure意為“(指尺寸、長短、數(shù)量等)量度為”時是連系動詞，不能用于進行時態(tài)，也不用于被動語態(tài)。Thefishmeasuresmorethatonemeter.這條魚長一米多?！騿尉湔Z法填空①Doyoumakesuits________yourmeasure?②Thegoodtheyhavedoneformeis______measure.③Weshouldtakeappropriatemeasures________(improve)ourteaching.④Theysuggested________(measure)toovercomecurrentdifficulties.⑤Theoverall________(measure)ofthisroomis80squaremetres.⑥He________(measure)MrsBrownfromtoptocessn．過程，進程v．加工；處理；列隊前進processedadj.加工過的goovereq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(everyprocess檢查每道工序,alltheprocesses檢查全部工序))intheprocess與此同時，在此過程中beintheprocessof(doing)sth.在(做)某事的過程中，在進行……中processtheagriculturalproducts/tealeaves加工農(nóng)產(chǎn)品/茶葉processthedata處理數(shù)據(jù)processinto列隊走進processedfood加工過的食品[誤區(qū)警示]process用作及物動詞時，常接名詞、代詞作賓語，可用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)；用作不及物動詞時，常與介詞into連用。◎單句語法填空①Theadministrationisin________processofdrawingupapeaceplan.②Thestudentsprocessed________thediningroom.③Grocerystoressellmanyfoodsthat________(process).④[2024·全國Ⅱ卷]However,ifothersbenefit________theprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?⑤Theyarerequired________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.14．interruptv．打斷講話；打攪；遮擋interruptionn．打斷；打攪interruptsb.打斷某人(的講話)interruptsb.withsth.用某事打斷某人sorrytointerrupt...對不起打攪……sorryforinterrupting對不起打攪一下beinterruptedby...受到……打攪[詞語辨析]interrupt，disturb兩詞都有“擾”的意思。interrupt既含“擾”又有“斷”之意，側(cè)重“斷”之意。disturb打攪，搗亂，使心神不寧，但沒有“斷”之意?！騿尉湔Z法填空①Hewasangryatbeinginterrupted________suchsillyquestionsinhisspeech.②Theirconversation________(interrupt)byaphonecallfromNina.③Sorry________(interrupt),butthere'ssomeonetoseeyou.④Thefunctionsofourgovernmentcontinuewithout________(interrupt).15．conductvt.實施；進行；執(zhí)行；帶領(lǐng)；引導(dǎo)；傳導(dǎo)vi.&vt.指揮n．行為；舉止conductorn．指揮；職業(yè)指揮；售票員；導(dǎo)體conductanexperiment 進行試驗conductoneself 表現(xiàn)；舉止conductanorchestra 指揮管弦樂隊conductactivities 開展活動conductsb.around 帶領(lǐng)某人參觀……conductsb.into 領(lǐng)某人進入……conductsb.through 領(lǐng)某人穿過……conductsb.totheteacher 帶某人去見老師◎單句語法填空①Thewayheconducts________(he)reflectsthefamily.②Afiredrillwill________(conduct)inyourresidencehalleverysemester.③Itishisdutytoconductthevisitors________thewholepark.④Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I'dlikeyoutolookatastudy________(conduct)inAustraliain2012.16.protectionn．愛護；防護protectv．愛護；防護protectiveadj.愛護的；防護的；出于愛惜protectorn．愛護人；愛護裝置undertheprotectionof...在……的愛護下theprotectionof...……的愛護protectsb./sth.from/against...愛護某人/某物免受……的損害◎單句語法填空①Iregardedhimasmyfriendand________(protect).②Littlechildrenlive________theprotectionoftheirparents.③Livingawayfromthe________(protect)ofparents,Iamgrowingupinarapidspeed.④She'stoo________(protect)towardsherchildren;sheshouldletthembemoreindependent.⑤________protectionofintellectualpropertyrightshasbeenahottopicinthepastfewyears.⑥Theyfeltstronglythattheirproductsshouldbeprotected________competitionfromforeignimports.17.nearbyadv.旁邊地adj.旁邊的livenearby 住在旁邊playnearby 在旁邊玩[誤區(qū)警示]nearby用作形容詞的意思是“旁邊的，不遠(yuǎn)的”，指位置較近或就在旁邊，在句中一般用作定語，可放在被修飾的名詞之前或之后。Thehospitalnearbyisabigone.旁邊的這家醫(yī)院很大。Hermotherlivedinanearbytown.她母親住在旁邊的一個小鎮(zhèn)上?！蛲瓿删渥英貶eworksin____________________________(旁邊的警察局).②Heusuallytrades________________________(在旁邊的超市).③Smalllocalshopsstopbeingeconomicwhenasupermarket_____________________(在旁邊開設(shè)).18．a(chǎn)mbitionn．志向，雄心；追求，夙愿ambitiousadj.有雄心的；有野心的alackofambition缺乏志向befullofambition充溢野心realize/achieve/fulfillone'sambition實現(xiàn)某人的志向haveanambitiontodosth./ofdoingsth.有做某事的愿望One'sambitionistobe/do...某人的志向是(做)……political/literary/sportingambitions政治志向/文學(xué)夙愿/運動目標(biāo)beambitiousfor渴望beambitioustodosth.渴望做某事Robertisaveryambitiousmanandoneofhisambitionsistobecomeagreatscientistinthefuture.羅伯特是一位特別有雄心的人，他的目標(biāo)之一是將來成為一名宏大的科學(xué)家?！騿尉湔Z法填空①Annhasanambition________(be)aprofessor.②Youwillnotbeabletoachieveyour________(ambitious)ifyoudonotworkhard.③[2024·天津二考]Galileowasnotmerely________(ambition)whenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.19.cheerfuladj.興奮的，興致勃勃的cheern．歡呼聲；喝彩聲v．歡呼；(為……)喝彩；(使)激昂cheerfulnessn．興奮acheerfulface笑臉acheerfulcolour亮麗的顏色wordsofcheer激勵的話cheerfor為……喝彩/叫好；為……鼓勁兒/加油cheer(sb.)up使(某人)振作起來；使(某人)興奮起來cheeron為……打氣；為……加油◎單句語法填空①Ourfriendshavealookof________(cheerful).②Theaudiencegave________greatcheerwhenhescored.③Thisrestauranthasa________(cheer)atmosphere.④Let'sgotothefootballgameandcheer________ourfavouriteteam.⑤Wedidourbesttocheerhim________whenhewasabouttogiveup.20．provevt.證明；證明proofn．證據(jù)；證明provesth.tosb.向某人證明……provesb./sth.＋adj./n.證明某人/某物是……proveoneselftobe證明自己是……provethat/wh-從句證明……itisprovedthat...……被證明[誤區(qū)警示]prove為連系動詞時，不用于被動語態(tài)中，其后接名詞或形容詞作表語。Themethodproveduseful.這種方法證明有用。◎單句語法填空①Thebloodonhisshoeswasa________(prove)ofhisguilt.②Shemaybeproved________(be)themostsuitablepersonforthejob.③It________(prove)thatthemanstolesomemoneyfromtheshop.④Heproved________(he)aworthysuccessortotheformerPrimeMinister.⑤Youwillhavetoprove________thepolicethatyouwereathomethatnight.⑥Theirexperiencesprove________lifeisfullofchangesandpossibilities.21．sincerityn．真誠，真摯，誠懇sincereadj.真誠的；真誠的sincerelyadv.真誠地；真心地(1)inallsincerity特別真誠地；誠心地besincerein...在……方面是真誠的(2)表示“真誠地，誠心地”的短語：fromthebottomofone'sheart,fromtheheart。◎單句語法填空①Her________(sincere)hasneverbeenquestioned.②I________(sincere)believethatthisistherightdecision.③Icansay________allsinceritythatIknewnothingoftheseplans.④Sheisnevercompletelysincere________whatshesaysaboutpeople.⑤Iwasimpressedbyher________(sincere)sodeeplyatthattimethatIdecidedtomakefriendswithher.?其次版塊|重點短語1．runout用完；耗盡runoutof用完，耗盡runoutofsteam失去動力；精疲力竭[詞語辨析]runout與runoutofrunout是不及物動詞詞組，不用于被動語態(tài)。runoutof是及物詞詞組，后跟賓語，可用于被動語態(tài)。Hermoneyhasrunoutandsheisalsorunningoutofherpatience.她的錢已經(jīng)用完了，她的耐性也快耗盡了?！騿尉湔Z法填空①Theirluckhadsimplyrun________.Still,neverfear.②Ihaverunout________patiencewithher.◎辨析填空：runout,runoutof③Itlooksasifoilwill________fasterthancoal.④They'll________theirdailynecessities.2.havesb.doingsth.讓某人始終做某事Hehaduslaughingallthroughthemeal.他讓我們吃飯時始終笑個不停。I'llhaveyouspeakingEnglishinsixmonths.我將使你在六個月后會說英語。[歸納拓展](1)havesb.dosth.讓某人做某事，賓語與賓補之間為主動關(guān)系。IfanyonehappenstodropinwhileIamout,havehimorherleaveamessage.假如我外出時碰巧有人來探望，讓他或她留個口信。(2)havesth.done的兩層含義：①使某事被……(主語有意識的行為，可能是主語自己做，也可能請別人做)。Wehaveyourmedicinepreparednow.我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)給你打算好藥了。Mycomputerbrokedownsuddenly,andIwillhaveitrepaired.我的電腦突然壞了，我要找人修修它。②某人遭受、經(jīng)驗(不好的事)。Hehadhislegbrokenwhileskiing.他滑雪時摔斷了腿。◎單句語法填空①CanIhavetheparcel________(weigh)here?②We'dbedelightedtohaveyou________(work)withus.③Hehadme________(do)allkindsofjobsforhim.④Ihaveacomposition________(write),soIcan'tgoskiing.◎完成句子⑤Mother______________________________(讓我把信寄了)atonce.⑥He______________________________(手燒傷了)inthatbigfire.⑦We____________________________________(有許多工作要做).⑧Shewon't____________________________(讓孩子們遲到).3．breakdown停止運轉(zhuǎn)，出故障，壞掉；(安排、和談等)失??；(精神、身體)垮掉；分解；消退；把……拆分；不由自主地哭起來Themachinemustbreakdownatthisbusyhour.正忙的時候，機器偏偏又壞了。Johnbrokedownthewashingmachine.約翰拆開了洗衣機。breakaway(from)離開；逃脫；脫離breakin插嘴；打斷；闖入breakinto破門而入；突然起先(笑、唱等)breakoff中斷；折斷breakout(火災(zāi)、斗爭等)突然爆發(fā)breakthrough沖破；突破breakup(使)裂開；(使)裂開；解散；散會；(學(xué)校)期終放假◎單句語法填空①Whendoesyourschoolbreak________？②Peterbroke________andwasunabletoworkforayear.③Theyattemptedtobreak________toformanindependentstate.④Theriverbroke________itsbanks,andfloodedthecountryformanymilesaround.⑤Wewerediscussingourplans,buthadtobreak________whenthetelephonerang.◎?qū)懗鼍渲衎reakdown的含義⑥Thewashingmachineseemstohavebrokendownagain.________________⑦ShebadbeenwaitingforSimontobreakdownthebarrierbetweenthem.________________⑧Peterbrokedownandweptwhenhesawthedeerthathehadshot.________________⑨Hisplanbrokedownwhenitwasputintopracticebecausehehadnotgivenenoughattentiontodetails.________________⑩Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon'thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.________________4.holdonto緊緊抓??；抓住不放；保留Holdontoyourdreamsandonedaytheymaycometrue.堅持你的幻想，或許有一天它們會實現(xiàn)。Janeisdeterminedtoholdontoherfortune.簡決心要守住自己的財產(chǎn)。holdback隱瞞；退縮；抑制；阻擋holdon別掛斷電話；等會兒；堅持住holdup支撐，舉起；延遲，阻礙holdout伸出(手)；維持，堅持holdone'sbreath屏住呼吸◎單句語法填空①Themanageraskedhimtohold________whileheinvestigatedtheaccident.②Ifthere'ssomethingyou'dliketosay,pleasedon'thold________．③MusicwastheonethingIcouldholdon________whenthingsgotcrazy.④Trafficonthebridgewasheld________forseveralhoursbecauseoftheaccident.⑤Seeinghersonagainaftertwoyears'absence,themotherheld________herarmstoembracehim.5．a(chǎn)s...assb.can盡可能……地Findoutasmuchasyoucanabouthimandreportbacktome.盡量查找有關(guān)他的資料，向我匯報。Estebanhadbeencyclingashardashecouldforhours.埃斯特班已經(jīng)全力以赴騎了數(shù)小時的車。asmuchasyoucan盡最大可能地assoonasyoucan盡可能快地(時間)asfastasyoucan盡可能快地asquickasyoucan盡可能快地ashardasyoucan盡可能努力地[學(xué)法點撥]as...asonecan可與as...aspossible進行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。Thisisallurgentdocument,soyououghttodeliveritassoonasyoucan/assoonaspossible.這是一份緊急文件，因此你應(yīng)當(dāng)盡快寄送出去?！蛲瓿删渥英貶eiskeenonbeingpromoted______________________________(盡快).②Run________________(你盡可能快地)sothatyoucanwinfirstplace.③IhopethatIcanmeetyouagainassoonaspossible.＝IhopethatIcanmeetyouagain____________________________．④你最好盡快為志愿者工作做好打算。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.protectsb.from/against...愛護某人不受……Herealizedthatitwasbecausethereweren'tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromtheheat.他意識到這是因為沒有足夠的樹木來愛護它們免受高溫的損害。You'dbetterwearapairofsunglassestoprotectyoureyesfrom/againstbeingharmed.你最好戴一副太陽鏡來愛護你的眼睛不受損害。eq\a\vs4\al\co1(阻擋……做某事)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(keep...fromdoingsth.,stop...（from）doingsth.,prevent...（from）doingsth.))[誤區(qū)警示](1)keep...fromdoingsth.中的from不能省略，因為假如省略，意思會發(fā)生改變：keep...doingsth.使……始終做某事。(2)在被動語態(tài)中，keep/stop/prevent...fromdoingsth.結(jié)構(gòu)中的from都不能省略。Peoplearekeptfromcommunicatingwithoneanother.人們被阻擋彼此溝通?！騿尉湔Z法填空①Wemust________(protect)againstsuddenattacks.②Theysetupawildlifereservetoprotectanimalsfrom________(hunt).③Whatcanwedotopreventtheseanimals________(die)out?④Thisspecialcreamwillprotectyourskin________theburningsun.⑤Wewerekept________goingoutbytheheavyrain.7.bemadeupof由……組成Mydietismadeupofmeat,fish,vegetables,fruit,waterandmilk.我的飲食內(nèi)容包括肉、魚、蔬菜、水果、水和牛奶。makeup構(gòu)成；編寫makeupfor補償makeout分辨出；明白，理解makeit剛好到達(dá)；取得勝利makethebestof充分利用makeupone'smind下定決心makegood/fulluseof好好/充分利用◎單句語法填空①Hehadn'tbeenabletomake________toourdinner.②Encouragedbymyparents,Imade________mymindtostudyharder.③IworkedlastSaturday,soIhavetodayoff,tomakeup________it.④Thecourse________(make)upof12two-hoursessions.⑤Ifyoucannothavethebest,makethe________(good)ofwhatyouhave.⑥Lookingthroughthemist,Icouldmake________thefigureofawomanstandingunderthestreetlamp.?第三版塊|典型句式1．Itisacommonsayingthat...俗話說……Itisacommonsayingthatwedonotvalueathingtillweloseit.俗話說，失去一樣?xùn)|西，我們才知道珍惜。ItisacommonsayingthattheweatherintheUKischangeable.俗話說，英國的天氣改變多端。[歸納拓展]類似的結(jié)構(gòu)：Itisapity/shamethat...缺憾的是……It'snowonderthat...難怪……Itisagreatpitythathelostthematch.真缺憾他輸了這場競賽。Itisnowonderthatyou'retired.You'vebeenwalkingforhours.難怪你會累。你已經(jīng)走了幾個小時了。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]完成句子①俗話說，身正不怕影子斜。________________________acleanhandwantsnowashing.②很缺憾你昨晚沒有參與晚會。________________________youdidn'tattendthepartylastnight.③俗話說，得摯友難，失摯友易。________________________afriendiseasierlostthanfound.④真缺憾，亨利沒參與足球隊員的選拔賽。________________________Henrydidn'ttryoutforthefootballteam.2．狀語從句的省略Ifpossible,Iwishtogotherenextsummer.假如可能，我希望明年夏天去那里。[歸納拓展]某些句式經(jīng)過長期發(fā)展已成為固定結(jié)構(gòu)：ifpossible假如可能的話ifonly要是……就好了ifany假如有的話ifever假如有過的話ifnot不然的話ifnecessary如有必要Whynot?為什么不呢？Whatif...?假如……怎么辦？Whatfor?為了什么？when/wherenecessary必要的時候/地方[學(xué)法點撥]在時間、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句中，假如從句主語與主句主語一樣或從句主語是it，且從句謂語中含有be動詞，可以將從句中的主語和be動詞一起省略，構(gòu)成“連詞＋分詞/形容詞/介詞短語/名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。While(Iwas)walkinginthenearbypark,Isawacrowdofpeopledancing.當(dāng)我在旁邊的公園漫步時，我看到一群人在跳舞。If(itis)heated,waterwillturnintowatervapour.水假如被加熱，就會變成水蒸氣。Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless(theyare)wateredeveryday.假如不每天澆水他摯友送給他的花就會枯萎。Shewentonworkingthough(shewas)tired.她雖然累了，但仍接著工作。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]單句語法填空①While________(wander),Isawtheboypaintingapandaonthewall.②When________(complete),themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.③Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif________(leave)inthewronghands.④Theairinthefactoryisseriouslypolluted.If________(breathe)in,itmayresultinillnessorevendeath.[實力提升]完成句子⑤假如有必要我可以早點兒來。Icouldcomeearlier，________________．⑥我沒有生氣。假如說我有什么反應(yīng)的話，那就是我感到有點驚異。I'mnotangry.________________，Ifeelalittlesurprised.⑦她幾乎不會——即使有也很少——單獨去看電影。Sheseldom,________________，goestothemoviesbyherself.⑧我可能明天去看你。假如不是明天，那就是周六。Imightseeyoutomorrow.________________，thenit'llbeSaturday.3.the＋比較級(＋主語＋謂語)，the＋比較級(＋主語＋謂語)越……，就越……(前者表示條件，后者表示結(jié)果)Themoreyoupractice,thebetteryoucanunderstand.你練習(xí)得越多，理解得就越透徹。Themorelearntamanis,themoremodestheusuallybecomes.一個人越博學(xué)，他通常就越虛心。[歸納拓展]“比較級＋and＋比較級”和“moreandmore＋原級”表示“越來越……”。Whenspringcomes,theweathergetswarmerandwarmer.當(dāng)春天來臨時，天氣變得越來越溫煦。Learningbecomesmoreandmoredifficultaswegetolder.隨著我們年紀(jì)變大，學(xué)習(xí)變得越來越困難。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]單句語法填空①The________(high)thegroundis,thethinnertheairbecomes.②Theharderyoustudy,________greateryou'llbe.③Theflamesweregrowinghigher________higher.④Astheeveningworeon,shebecamemoreandmore________(nerve).4．bedoing...when正在做……，突然……Theyweremakingaplanabouttheprojectwhenthelightwentout.他們正在制訂這個工程的安排，突然燈滅了。Theartistwasworkingonhissculpturewhenhisfriendscametovisithim.這位藝術(shù)家正在做他的雕塑，這時他的摯友們來探望他。[歸納拓展]beabouttodosth.when...剛要做某事，突然……h(huán)ad(just)donesth.when...剛做完某事就……beonthepointofdoingsth.when...剛要做某事，突然……Thefamilywereabouttogooutwhenthepostmancame.這家人剛要出去，這時郵遞員來了。Wehadjustarrivedhomewhenitbegantorain.我們剛到家，這時就起先下雨了。Shewasonthepointofgettingthecarstartedwhenthetelephonerang.她剛要發(fā)動汽車，這時電話鈴響了。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]單句語法填空①Hewasmeasuringthelengthofthesofa________hiswifewalkedin.②He________(walk)inthestreetwhenitrainedcatsanddogs.③Tomwassleepingsound________heheardsomeonescreaming.④Theshipwasonthepointofsettingsail________itbegantorain.[實力提升]完成句子⑤They________________________(正在海上看風(fēng)景，突然)theshipbegantosink.⑥He________________________(剛吃完晚飯剛要出去，這時)oneofhisbestfriendsdroppedin.⑦I________________________(剛要看電視，突然)thepowerwasout.5．a(chǎn)sif引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句Irememberthewholethingasifithappenedyesterday.我記得整件事，就似乎發(fā)生在昨天一樣。Thechildtalkedtousasifhewereagrown-up.那個孩子跟我們講話就像個大人一樣。[歸納拓展](1)asif引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時的語氣：asif從句可用陳述語氣，但更常用的是asif引導(dǎo)的從句用虛擬語氣，表示所述的狀況與事實不符。asif從句用虛擬語氣時，謂語構(gòu)成如下：與現(xiàn)在事實不符過去式(be用were)與過去事實不符haddone與將來事實不符would/could/might/should＋do(2)look/seem/feel＋asif引導(dǎo)的表語從句asif引導(dǎo)的表語從句依據(jù)詳細(xì)狀況用陳述語氣或虛擬語氣。Theblackcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.烏云正在聚集。看起來似乎要下雨了。(陳述語氣)Shelooksasifshegotbacktoherchildhoodagain.她看上去似乎又回到了她的童年時代。(虛擬語氣)[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]單句語法填空①LiuMingspeaksEnglishsowellasifhe________(be)anAmerican.②Theylookedasifthey________(notcare).③Heopenedhismouthasif________(say)something.④Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasiftheynever________(exist).⑤Aftertherainthecornshotupasif________magic.⑥Itlooksasifhe________(notsee)foodforaweek.【跟蹤演練】Ⅰ.短語漢譯英1．火山噴發(fā)________________2．對……發(fā)表評論________________3．?dāng)?shù)以百萬計的________________4．對……束之高閣，對……撒手不管