中考英語(yǔ)真題分類訓(xùn)練-題型三一選擇型閱讀分類訓(xùn)練20做法建議類主題3人與社會(huì)·個(gè)人信息安全

主題3人與社會(huì)·個(gè)人信息安全A(2022寧波)Recently,manypeoplethinkit'sriskytousecredit(信用)cardnumbersonline.However,fromtimetotime,weallusepasswordsandIDnumbersontheInternet.Wethinkwearesafe,butthatmaynotbetrue!Anewkindofattack(攻擊)isbeingusedbydishonestpeopletostealIDsandcreditcardnumbersfromwebsurfers.Thisnewkindofattackiscalled"phishing".Phishingsoundsthesameastheword"fishing",anditmeansthatathiefistryingtotrickpeopleintogivingawayvaluableinformation.Likerealfishermen,phishersusebait(誘餌)intheformofgreatonlinedealsorservices.Forexample,phishersmightusefalseemailsandwebsitestotrickpeopleintorevealing(透露)creditcardnumbers,accountusernames,andpasswords.Theyimitate(模仿)well-knownbanks,onlinesellers,andcreditcardcompanies.Successfulphishersmaymakeasmanyas5%ofthepeoplebelieveandgiveawaytheirpersonalinformation.It'sreallyabigproblem!Actually,tricking5%oftheonlinepopulationishuge.Nowmorethan4.6billionpeoplehaveaccess(進(jìn)入權(quán))totheInternet,and75%ofthoseInternetusersliveinthewealthiestcountriesonEarth.Ithasbeenreportedthatphisherssendmorethan40billionfalsemessageseachyear.Evenbytrickingonly5%ofthepeople,phisherscanmakealotofmoney.Amy,18,fromCalifornia,receivedanemail.AmantoldAmythatshecouldgetamilliondollarsinheraccountasarewardifshesentathousanddollarstohim.Amydidasthemansaidatonce.The"thief"usedAmy'sSocialSecuritynumbertogetcreditcardsinhernameandtransferredhermoney.Howcanpeopleavoidbeingcheatedonline?Aboveall,theyhavetolearntorecognizetheemailthathasbeensentbyaphisher.Alwaysbecarefulwithanyemailwithurgent(緊急的)requestsforpersonalinformation.Phisherstypicallywriteupsettingorexciting,butfalsestatementsintheiremailssothatpeoplewillreplyrightaway.Nevergiveoutpersonalinformationtophishers.Andifanoffersoundstoogoodtobetrue,itis.1Phishingiscomparedtoaccordingtothepassage.

A.makingmoney B.playinggamesC.catchingfish D.writingemails2WhichwritingskillisusedinPara.3?A.Givingexamples. B.Listingnumbers.C.Raisingquestions. D.Usingsayings.3Whichofthefollowinginthedictionarybestexplainstheunderlinedword"transferred"inPara.4?A.① B.② C.③ D.④4Besidesintroducingwhatphishingis,thewriteralsotellsushowto.

A.helptocatchphishersB.replytourgentemailsC.paybycreditcardD.protectourselvesonlineB(2022金華)①Haveyouevershownyourphotosonyourfavoritesocialmedia(媒體)?Orhaveyouexpressedyourfeelingsandemotionsonyouronlinepage?Ifyes,doyouknowwhatyouhavepostedonthesocialmediacancauseproblemsyoucouldnotexpect?②Cathy,whowasgoingtobefifteen,postedonlineaninvitationtoherbirthdaypartywithheraddressinit.Andguesswhat!500peoplecametotheparty,andsomeevenbrokethewindowsandplants,makingatotalmessofthehouse.Thegirl'sbirthdaypartyturnedintoanightmare(噩夢(mèng)).③Manyteenagers(青少年)thinktheyknoweverythingaboutsocialmedia,andthatsuchathingcouldneverhappentothem.Studiesshowthateachyearmorethanthreemillionyoungpeopleintheworldgetintotroublebecauseoftheironlineactivities.④Sodoremembertheseifyoureallywanttosharesomethingonline.⑤Sharewithcare!Noteveryonewilllikewhatyouwriteonline.Thinkbeforeyoupostanything.Youneverknowwhoseesyourtext,picturesorvideos.Beforeclicking"post",youshouldaskyourself,"HowwillIfeelifmyfamilyorteachersseethis?"and"Howmightthispostbebadformeinfiveortenyearsfromnow?"

⑥Bepolitewhenyouwrite!Imaginesomeoneisunfriendlyinreallife.Thesameistrueofonlinecommunication.Noonelikesitwhenyou"shout"inyourmessages.Ifyoufeelangryorfrustratedwhileyou'rewritingamessage,waitabit.Readitagainlaterandthensendit.

⑦Protectandrespect!Nevershareyourpasswordswithanyone.It'snotwisetopostyourhomeoremailaddressonline.Don'tsaybadthingsaboutpeople.Ifyougetmessageslikethatorseethemonline,talktoyourparentsoryourteachers.

⑧I'dsaynoneofthesethingspromises100%onlinesafety,buteachwillhelpyoutobesafer.1Thewriterstartstointroducethetopicby.A.tellingstories B.givingexamplesC.askingquestions D.sharingexperiences2ThepartyturnedintoanightmarebecauseCathy.A.madeatotalmessofthehouseB.sharedthephotosofherhouseonlineC.invitedhundredsofpeopletoherpartyD.postedaninvitationwithheraddressonline3Thewriterusesthemark"!"intheunderlinedsentencesofParagraphs5~7to.

A.drawthereaders'attentionB.giveordersthatreadersshouldfollowC.expressthestrongfeelingsofworryD.givethedecisionsthathavebeenmade4Whatdoesthewritermeanbysayingthelastsentence?A.Youshouldspendmuchlesstimeonline.B.It'snecessarytothinkbeforeyouactonline.C.Youhavetomakeapromisebeforeyougoonline.D.Ifyouwanttobesaferonline,doasthewritersuggests.主題3人與社會(huì)·個(gè)人信息安全A【短文大意】本文解釋了網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚,并告訴大家上網(wǎng)時(shí)要保護(hù)好自己。1.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句可知,作者把網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚和釣魚相比較,故答案為C。2.B【解析】推理判斷題。第三段多處使用數(shù)字,由此可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。3.C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的"creditcards",畫線詞后的"money"及釋義③中的"money"可推知,答案為C。4.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的描述可推知,作者除了解釋什么是網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚之外,還告訴我們?nèi)绾卧诰W(wǎng)上保護(hù)自己,故選D。B【短文大意】本文以Cathy生日聚會(huì)的事件