初升高英語入門之定語從句精講

定語從句Learningaims:1.通過復(fù)習(xí)掌握定語從句的概念和基本用法,能正確選擇關(guān)系詞。2.學(xué)習(xí)介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句并能正確使用。Shehangsouteverydaynearbythe_____Havingahoneykissfalling_____Shelookssosexywhenshe’swalkingthe_____Nobodyeverputaringonher______Swimtotheoceanshorefishinthe____Sheisthestorythestoryis_____Shesingstothemoonandthestarsinthe______Shiningfromhighaboveyoushouldn’task______Sheistheonethatyounever______Sheistheheaven-sentangelyou

_______Oh,shemustbethereason_____Godmadeagirl

beachasleepsandhandssea

shesky

whyforget

met

why

Sheistheone

thatyouneverforget.Shemustbethereason

whyGodmadeagirl.在復(fù)合句中,修飾或限定某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。主句中被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有三個作用：1.連接作用：引導(dǎo)從句，和主句相連；2.替代作用：在從句中替代被從句所修飾的先行詞；3.在從句中充當(dāng)成分：作主語、賓語、表語、定語，狀語。常用的關(guān)系代詞有：thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas常用的關(guān)系副詞有：whenwherewhyFillinblanks:1.Theoldmanhasason_______isinthearmy.2.Imetanoldwomanyesterday_______sonshadstudiedabroad.3.Heboughtahouselastweek______windowismadeofwood.4.Fromthetime_______hewaslittle,hehadknownalot.5.Shanghaiistheplace_______Iwasborn.6.Weallknowthereason_______heissosadtoday.that/whowhosewhosewhenwherewhy三.介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句Discussion:如何選用介詞Thisisthebook____whichIspent8dollars.Thisisthebook______whichIpaid8dollars.Iremembertheday______whichIjoinedtheParty.1.介詞的選用原則：a依從句中的動詞,形容詞,名詞與介詞的固定搭配而定b依先行詞與從句中動詞的關(guān)系及所表達的含義而定onforon2.當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時，關(guān)系代詞只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)不能用that，且關(guān)系代詞不能省略。Theman__________youtalkedjustnowismyneighbor.Ican’tfindthepen

_________Iwaswriting.withwhomwithwhichDadisaperson________________Icaneasilytalkto.Isthistheplay__________youweretalkingaboutjustnow?(which/that)(whom/who/that)3.當(dāng)介詞位于定語從句末尾時，可用which/that(指物),who/whom/that(指人)作從句中介詞的賓語.而且作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。Thisisthewatch(that/which)Iamlookingfor.Thebabies(who/whom/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.4.在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。如：lookafter,lookfor,bemadeof,takepartin,lookforwardtoThisisthebook,______coverisdesignedbyMrJones.=Thisisthebook,_____________isdesignedbyMrJones.=Thisisthebook,_____________isdesignedbyMrJones.whosethecoverofwhichofwhichthecover5.the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞(which,whom)=whose+名詞6.部分詞匯/結(jié)構(gòu)+of+關(guān)系代詞部分詞匯/結(jié)構(gòu):1,all,both,none,neither,either,many,most,few,several,enough,half,some,any2,數(shù)詞(基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞,百分數(shù),分數(shù))+of+名詞3,the+形容詞最高級/比較級+of+名詞Herearetwopairsofsocks,either_______youmaychoose.Thefootballteamhas15members,theoldest________is25yearsold.ofwhichofwhom7.關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞when=in/on/at+whichwhere=in/on/at+whichwhy=for+whichIstillremembertheday

when(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Thisistheschool

where(=inwhich)hismotherteaches.Thisisthereason(=forwhich)whyIwaslate.Consolidation1.Theroom___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.2.Iwillneverforgettheday____________Imetyou.3.Thereason________________Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.onwhich/whenwhy/for

whichwhere/inwhich4.Thehouse,theroof________wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.5.Thegirlto_______youtalkedjustnowisourEnglishteacher.6.Thisistheheroof_______weareproud.7.Theoldmanhasthreesons,twoof______aredoctors.ofwhichwhomwhomwhom1.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助2.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到長城非好漢。3.He

wholaughslastlaughsbest.

誰笑到最后，誰笑得最好。Remembersomebeautifulsentences:Consolidation真題回顧1.(2023年全國甲卷)“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica

alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings,”2.(2021全國新高考Ⅱ卷)IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany___________usedalotofplastic,I’dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.3.(2020全國Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartist_______paintingswerealmostlifelike.4.(2020新高考全國Ⅰ卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum____________openedin1759.5.(2019全國Ⅲ卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Consolidation1.“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica

alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings,”2.IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany___________usedalotofplastic,I’dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.wherethat或which1.“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica

alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings,”【解析】句意：曾經(jīng)有一個位于美國中心的小鎮(zhèn)，那里的所有生命似乎都與周圍的環(huán)境和平共處-------。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，該從句對空前的內(nèi)容進行修飾和限定，先行詞atown為地點，且從句不缺少成分，因此用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)該從句，故填where。2.IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany___________usedalotofplastic,I’dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.【解析】引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句中缺主語，先行詞為company，故填that或which。3.InancientChinalivedanartist_______paintingswerealmostlifelike.4.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum____________openedin1759.5.Theywerewelltrai