高中英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題學習講義

高中英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題（講案）（一）識別和判斷猜詞題題干特征常見命題形式1.意義類Theword“...”probablymeans______.Bysaying“...”wemean______.“...”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas______.2.替代類Theunderlinedword“...”couldbestbereplacedby______.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”?Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standfor?

3.指代類Theword“...”refersto______.（二）猜詞類題目解題技巧1.利用上下文語境來猜測詞義Passage3Therearesomanywaystomakenewfriendssuchasjoiningasportsteam,takingpartincommunityactivities,ortraveling.Andthereisnodoubtthatafriendinneedisafriendindeedbecausehecanhelpyououtwhenyouareintroubleorencourageyouwhenyouareupset.So,joiningasportsteamwillbemyfirstchoice.Theprimaryreasonforthisisthateveryoneinasportsteamhasthesameinterest,whichisthemostbasiccharacterforfriends.Becauseofit,theywillbecomeyourpotentialfriendssothatthechancetobefriendsisveryhigh.Inaddition,thesameinterestcangiveyoualotoftopicstotalkaboutwithyourfriendsindailyconversation.（2017-2018，省實驗高一上期期中考試，B）1.【★★☆】Theunderlineword“potential”canbereplacedby.A.beatB.suitable C.reliableD.possible【答案】D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下句意：“這種情況的主要原因是，運動隊中的每個人都有相同的興趣，這是成為朋友最基本的特點。因此，題他們會成為你_______的朋友，成為朋友的機會非常高。”因此D最合適。Passage4Plentyofsciencefiction(sci-f)moviesoverthedecadeshaveshownusdifferentversionsofMars.ThetruthabouttheMartiansurfacemightbeexcitingbecauseit'sreal.AndwithNASA’sMars2020missionsettolaunchthissummer,we'refacingmorediscovery.Sofar,thankstoadecadeofresearchenabledbyNASA'sCuriosityrover,we’velearnedthatlakes,riversstreamsandlikelyoceansusedtoappearonMars.Whileitswaterdisappearedoverthreebillionyearsago,ittellsusthatMarsusedtobehabitable.Thisknowledgeconfusesusbecausesofar,we’veseennoclearevidenceoflifethere,notevenavirus.ButifMarswasoncehabitable,wouldn'tithavelife?（2020，歷城二中高一7月學情檢測，C）1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“habitable”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Enjoyabletovisit. B.Suitableforliving.C.Readyforchanges. D.Convenienttotravel.【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段Sofar,thankstoadecadeofresearchenabledbyNASA’sCuriosityrover,we'velearnedthatlakes,riversstreamsandlikelyoceansusedtoappearonMars(到目前為止，多虧了美國宇航局的“好奇號”漫游者長達十年的研究，我們了解到火星上曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過湖泊、河流和海洋)可知，火星上曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過湖泊、河流和海洋，這些事實告訴我們，火星曾經(jīng)是“宜居的”?？赏浦?，habitable意為suitableforliving，故選B。2.利用指代關系來猜測代詞詞義Passage5WhenMichaelPhelpsannouncedhisretirementatthe2016RioOlympicshereallyhadnointentionofswimmingcompetitivelyagain.However,thatchangedwhenheapproachedtheDiscoveryChanneltohelpkickoffSharkWeekwitharaceagainstoneoftheworld’sfastestandmostefficientshark-agreatwhite!（2017-2018，歷城二中高一上學期第三次調(diào)研，C）1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph1referto?A.Hisintentiontoswimming.B.Hisoriginalidea.C.Hisdecisiontoquitswimming.D.HisrankingintheOlympics.【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)WhenMichaelPhelpsannouncedhisretirementatthe2016RioOlympicshereallyhadnointentionofswimmingcompetitivelyagain。得知當菲爾普斯在2016年里約奧運會上宣布他退役時，他打算不再參加競技性游泳了。從“然而……”得知當初的想法改變了。故選B。Passage6（2017-2018，歷城二中高一上學期第三次調(diào)研，D）【★★☆】A.Parent. B.Children.C.Teachers. D.Letters.【答案】D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)Mostparentsfeargettinglettershomefromtheirchildren’sschool.Theyareusuallyinformingthemthattheirchildisinbigtrouble，這句話的意思是許多父母都害怕收到他們孩子學校的信，信中經(jīng)常通知家長們他們的孩子惹了大麻煩，所以“They”指的是信，選D。3.利用構詞法知識來猜測詞義Passage7AmongthefourskillsinlearningEnglish，whichoneoftheseisthe“odd-man-out”?Theanswerisspeaking．Theotherthreeyoucandoaloneonyourown．Butyoucan’treallyspeakalone!Speakingtoyourselfcanbe“dangerous”becausemeninwhitecoatsmaycomeandtakeyouaway!WherecanyoufindpeopletospeakEnglish?Andhowcanyoupracticespeakingwhenyouarealone?（2019-2020，歷城二中高一下學期開學考，A）1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“odd-man-out”probablymeanaccordingtothepassage?A.Someoneorsomethingthatcanbeeasilymistakenforanother．B.Someoneorsomethingappearingdifferentfromtheothers．C.Someoneorsomethingstandingoutofthegroup．D.Someoneorsomethingarrangedinpairs．【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的AmongthefourskillsinlearningEnglish,whichoneoftheseisthe“odd-man-out”?Theanswerisspeaking.Theotherthreeyoucandoaloneonyourown.（在英語學習的四種技能中，哪一種是“odd-man-out”?答案是說其他三個你可以自己做。但你不能一個人說）可知，此處指在英語學習的四種技能中，哪一種是不一樣的。由此推知，odd-man-out指與別的不一樣的事物。故選B。Passage8Asmanypeoplerisktheirlivesandthelivesofpeoplearoundthemjusttosendatextormindlesslychecktheirmessages,smartphonesareinmanywaysmoredangeroustopeople.Thequalityofthistechnologyisde-advancingsocietalachievementsandweakeningthevalueofcommunication.Notonlyisthesmartphoneaffectingourdesiretointeract（交流）face-to-face,butitisalsoloweringsociety’sabilitytocommunicate.(2018-2019濟南中學下高一期中，D)1.【★★☆】Theunderlinedword“de-advancing”inthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby_______.A.weakening B.broadeningC.strengtheningD.promoting【答案】A【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)該詞前后意思為“這種技術的質量正在_____社會成就，并且削弱通信的價值”，可知選擇中只有weakening是合適的。前綴de-有“降低、離開、向下”等含義。4.利用定義來猜測詞義 Passage9Scientistsstartedthinkingthatthehumanbraincoulddevelopandchangewhentheystudiedanimals’brains.Theyfoundoutthatanimalsthatlivedinachallengingenvironmentweremoreperspicacious－theywerebetteratsolvingproblemsandlearningnewthings.（2016-2017，山師附中高一下學期期末考試，D）1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perspicacious”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Strong. B.Smart.C.Popular. D.Active.【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測題。該詞破折號后句子對其進行了解釋，即為“他們更擅長解決問題和學習新事物”，因此，說明他們是更“聰慧的”，因此選B。Passage10Anearthquakeisoneofthemostcommonnaturaldisasters.Itmaycausegreatdamage.Soitiswisetolearnsomesimplesafetytipstoprotectyourselforyourfamilymembers.Fragileitemslikethosemadeofglassareeasilybrokenandshouldusuallybeplacedonalowersurface,nearthegroundinsteadofplacingtheminthecupboardshigherup.Neverplacethemnearyourbed,sofasandotherfurniturewhereyouwouldbesittingorlyingdown.Whenthereisastrongmovement,thesepieceswillfallonthefloordirectlyandnotonyou.（2018-2019，濟南一中高一上學期期中考試，B）1.【★★☆】Theunderlinedword“Fragile”inParagraph2probablymeans“”．A.Easilyfound B.Expensive C.Easilybroken D.Heavy【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題。句意為“______，如玻璃制成的物品，很容易被打破，通常應該放在較低的表面，靠近地面，而不是把它們放在更高的櫥柜里”，所以“l(fā)ikethosemadeofglassareeasilybroken”對fragileitems進行了修飾，因此選C。5.利用對比或比較的詞語來猜測詞義Passage11MhMdnssishe.Theollgebsktblltounmnthppnsoneaea.tbginsonMh1ndunsorthewks.MillionsofpoplewillollowthetounmntonT.Millionsmoewillbtawdollsonthevnt.Thywilltytopikthewinn.Theountys68bstollgebsktblltmssttofinthetounmnt.mseuttrthyloseoneam.Ovrtim,thenumbrofminingtmsshinks.TheetheSwtSixtn,theEliteEihtndthntheinlou.nthend,theejusttwosuvivos.Thyightitoutinahmpionshipam.（2017-2018,山東師大附中高一下期中考試，C）1.【★★☆】Theundlindwodshink”inPgrph3npobblybeplcdby”.A.ight .due C.ompte D.row【答案】B【解析】句意猜測題。前后為“球隊輸?shù)粢粓霰荣惡缶捅惶蕴恕ｋS著時間的推移，剩余團隊的數(shù)量___。最后，只有兩個幸存者”，所以“shrink”跟wascut與justtwosurvivors有關。Passage12Sohowdotheseshoeswork?AccordingtoNike,eachshoeispoweredbyasmallmotorthathasthepowertotietheshoes.Allthewearerhastodoisputthemon,andatfirst,theshoesareveryloose.Butthenyoucanpushthe“+”button,andtheshoeswilltighten(收緊）togivetheweareraperfectfit.Totakethemoff,allyouhavetodoispushthe“-”button,andtheshoeswilleasilyslideoff.Buttheshoesarebatterycharged,andforsomeonewhousesthemquiteoften,theyneedtobechargedeverytwoweeks.（2016-2017，省實驗學年度第二學期階段測試,，C）1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“slideoff”meaninParagraph4?A.Moveoff.B.Payoff. C.Gowrong.D.Becometight.【答案】A【解析】詞義猜測題?！癇utthenyoucanpushthe“+”button,andtheshoeswilltighten(收緊）togivetheweareraperfectfit.Totakethemoff,allyouhavetodoispushthe“-”button,andtheshoeswilleasilyslideoff”，句意為“當你按下+按鈕，鞋子會收緊；脫下時，你只需按下-按鈕，鞋子就會______”，所以slideoff與tighten相反，與takethemoff相關。因此選A。

6.熟詞僻義猜測詞義Passage13（2017-2018，歷城二中高一下學期3月，C）【★★☆】【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章中“”可知，voice所表達的意思為“寫作方式”。Passage14Ladybugs(瓢蟲)goabouttheirdailybusinesswithoutworryingmuchaboutanything.Veryfewbirdsorinsectswilleataladybugbecauseitgivesoffsomethingthatisdangeroustoeat.Ladybugsalsoprotectthemselvesbyplayingdead.Theyfalloffleavesandremainverystilluntiltheirenemygoesaway.Sonexttimeyouseealadybug,thinkaboutwhatitmaybeupto.Maybeitisofftosaveanorangetree.Maybeitsnextmovewillbetofalloffaleafandplaydeadorstand_up_toabirdabout100timesitssize.Maybeit’slettingyouknowthattheweatherwillbegoodtomorrow.Whoknows?Ladybugsarespecialthatway.（2020，臨沂七中高一下學期疫情居家第一次測試，B）1.【★★★】Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“standupto”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Playwith. B.Worryabout.C.Getalongwith. D.Fightbackagainst.【答案】D【解析】詞義猜測題。由Veryfewbirdsorinsectswilleataladybugbecauseitgivesoffsomethingthatisdangeroustoeat．可知，很少有鳥或昆蟲吃瓢蟲。再由劃線部分后的abirdabout100timesitssize可知，當遇見比它大的鳥時，瓢蟲會釋放某種物質從而對鳥造成威脅。故此處的standupto有“回擊、抵御”之意。課后鞏固練習Passage1Doyouwanttogethomefromworkknowingyouhavemadearealdifferenceinsomeone’slife?Ifyes，don’tcareaboutsexorage!Comeandjoinus,thenyou’llmakeit!（2016-2017，歷城二中高一下學期6月月考，A）1.【★☆☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedpartmean?A.You’llmakeothers’livesmoremeaningfulwiththisjob.B.You’llarrivehomejustintimefromthisjob.C.You’llearnagoodsalaryfromthisjob.D.You’llsucceedingettingthisjob.【答案】A【解析】考查詞義猜測。在文章開頭作者提出問題：你希望通過你的工作而使別人的生活有所改變嗎？然后鼓勵人們加入進來，由此判斷加入進來后就會實現(xiàn)自己的愿望，即通過自己的工作讓別人的生活更加有意義，故答案選A。此題易誤選答案為D，makeit意思是“成功地做到或得到”因為開頭作者只是問讀者是否想獲得工作中的滿足感，而沒有提出這是一份工作招聘信息，所以D選項錯誤。Passage2“Whendogsfollowtheirowners,therecanbeseveralscientificexplanations,dependingonthedogandtheindividualsituation,”accordingtoMaryBurch,Ph.D.,ananimalbehaviorist(行為學家).Theseexplanationsinclude:Positivereinforcement(正面強化):Whenyourdogfollowsyou,goodthingshappen.Thinkdogfood,ahotbathandtakingawalkaroundtheneighborhood.Yourdog’snodummy.Andoneofhismanytalentsislearningfromexperience,thatis“reinforcement.”（2018-2019年，山師附中高一上學期期中，B）1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dummy”meaninPara5?A.cute. B.considerate.C.stupid. D.lovely.【答案】D【解析】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)上句Whenyourdogfollowsyou,goodthingshappen.Thinkdogfood,ahotbathandtakingawalkaroundtheneighborhood.可知狗跟隨主人是因為會有好事發(fā)生，它會得到一些好處。結合下句Andoneofhismanytalentsislearningfromexperience.可知狗很聰明，不傻?！癲ummy”指的是傻子，與stupid同義，故選C.Passage3Huaweisold30millionphonesinChinainthelastthreemonthsof2018,nearlythreetimesasmanyasApple(AAPL),accordingtodatapublishedthisweekbyresearchfirmsCanalysandIDC.Apple'ssalesplungedalmost20%.1.【★★☆】Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedwordintheparagraph?A.increasedgreatlyby.B.reducedgreatlyto.C.droppedgreatlyby.D.remainedsteady.（2019-2020,歷城二中高一期中考試，C）【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題?！盚uaweisold30millionphonesinChinainthelastthreemonthsof2018,nearlythreetimesasmanyasApple(AAPL),accordingtodatapublishedthisweekbyresearchfirmsCanalysandIDC”，句意是，根據(jù)研究公司Canalys和IDC本周公布的數(shù)據(jù)，華為在2018年最后三個月在中國銷售了3000萬部手機，幾乎是蘋果(Apple)的三倍。所以Apple'ssalesplungedalmost20%，意思應為“蘋果的銷售額暴跌了近20%”。故選C。Passage4Somepeopledon’ttrytomakefriendsbecausetheideaofmakingnewfriendsisscarytothem.They’reafraidpeoplewillrefusetomakefriendswiththem.Ifsomeonedoesrejecttomakefriendswithyouitdoesn’tmeanthatyou’reuselessorunlovable.Maybethey’rehavingabadday.Maybetheydon’tknowyouwell.Ormaybethey’renotaniceperson.Ifyou’vebeenturneddownbysomeonebeforedon’tthinkotherswilldothesametoyou.1.【★☆☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reject”inParagraph4mean?A.Refuse.B.Offer.C.Afford.D.Try.（2018-2019,省實驗高一上學期期中考試，B）【答案】A【解析】詞義猜測題?！癟hey’reafraidpeoplewillrefusetomakefriendswiththem”，句意是，他們害怕人們會拒絕跟自己交朋友。所以“Ifsomeonedoesrejecttomakefriendswithyouitdoesn’tmeanthatyou’reuselessorunlovable.Maybethey’rehavingabadday.”意思應為“如果某人拒絕與你交朋友，這不意味著你是沒用的或者不可愛的，可能他們這一天過得不好而已?！惫蔬xA。Passage5Ofcourse,therewereanumberofnewthings,andittookmethewholeyeartofindthemallout.Inevergothomesick.PerhapsitwasbecauseIdidnothavetoomanynegativeexperiencesandfeltlovedandwelcomedthere.However,IhadundergonesomepainfulexperiencebackinGermany.Iwasfrustratedbythewaypeoplewouldrunmeoverandnotevensay"Sorry".TakingupmystudiesattheTU-Dresden,Ifeltlonely.Everybodyhereseemedtobewithdrawn(離群的)andImissedeverythingIhadinCincinnati.Germanywasso"cold".Ifounditsomuchhardertomakenewfriends.AftersixmonthsIgotaroommateandonlytwogoodfriends.IalsoflewbacktoCincinnatiseveraltimesforlongperiods.IfeltthatwithoutthosevisitsIwasnotabletomakeit.

1.【★☆☆】Theunderlinedword"undergone"inParagraph4probablymeans________A.welcomed B.accepted C.expected D.suffered（2018-2019,省實驗高一上學期期中考試，B）【答案】D【解析】詞義猜測題。Undergone后面搭配的詞為painfulexperiences，后面又繼續(xù)講解具體的經(jīng)歷是什么，“Iwasfrustratedbythewaypeoplewouldrunmeoverandnotevensay"Sorry"，意為“我很沮喪，因為人們會把我撞倒，甚至不說“對不起”，所以是“經(jīng)歷、遭受、承受”之意。故選D。2.【鞏固練習】Passage6TheFDAhasbeguntestingfrozenberriesforhepatitisA(甲肝)andnorovirus(諾如病毒).Theresearch,whichstartedinNovemberandisexpectedtolastfor18months,waspromptedbyfourfrozen-berry-relatedoutbreaksintheU.S.between1997and2018.ThethreehepatitisAoutbreaksintheU.S.caused405peopletogetsickand53wereinhospital,whiletheonenorovirusoutbreakmade136peopleill,accordingtotheFDA.（2018，省實驗高一下期末考試，D）1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prompted”meaninParagraph1?A.Influenced. B.Attracted.C.Caused. D.Produced【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題?！癟heresearch,whichstartedinNovemberandisexpectedtolastfor18months,waspromptedbyfourfrozen-berry-relatedoutbreaksintheU.S.between1997and2018，”句意為“這項研究始于11月，預計將持續(xù)18個月，是由1997年至2018年期間美國四次與冷凍漿果相關的疫情_____”，所以選C，“引起、導致”。Passage7Thereisathirdreasonforthissituation.Childrenthesedaystakeverylittleexercise.Theydonotwalktoschool.Whentheygethome,theysitinfrontofthetelevisionortheircomputersandplaycomputergames.Notonlyisthisanunhealthypastime(消遣),italsogivesthemtimetoeatmoreunhealthyfood.Whattheyneedistogooutsideandplayactivegamesorsports.Theabovearethemainreasonsforthisproblem,andthereforewehavetoencourageyoungpeopletobemoreactive,aswellassteeringthemawayfromfastfoodshopsandbadeatinghabits.（2017-2018，歷城二中高一下學期3月月考，C）1.【★★☆】Theword“steering”underlinedinthelastsentencemostprobablymeans______.A.forcingB.guidingC.drivingD.moving【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測題?！皌hereforewehavetoencourageyoungpeopletobemoreactive,aswellassteeringthemawayfromfastfoodshopsandbadeatinghabits.”句意為，“因此，我們必須鼓勵年輕人更加積極，并______他們遠離快餐店和不良的飲食習慣”，因此，steering與encourage應該是相關的詞匯，所以選B。Passage8Theschoolauthoritiessaytheyfeelthebanisnecessarytokeeporderinclass.Theyevengaveoutanopenlettertoremindparentsnottolettheirchildrenbringmobilephonestoschool.Morethan96percentofparentssaytheywelcometheschooldecision.Theschoolisalsobeingflexibleinimplementingtheban.Thosestudentswholivefarfromschoolareallowedtobringmobilephonestocontacttheirparents.Buttheystillhavetoswitchthemoffinclassrooms.Medicalexpertshavealsowelcomedtheschooldecision.Theysaytoomuchdependenceonmobilephonescancausemanypsychologicalproblemsinteenagestudents.（2019-2020，外國語第一學期階段性考試，A）1.【★★☆】Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"implementing"inthe2ndparagraph?

A.Carryingout.

B.Givingup.

C.Makingup.

D.Findingout.

【答案】A【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下文，“Morethan96percentofparentssaytheywelcometheschooldecision.Theschoolisalsobeingflexibleinimplementingtheban.”意為，“超過96%的父母說他們歡迎學校的決定。學校也在靈活地執(zhí)行禁令”，故選A。Passage9Somepeoplefightlazinessbyremovingthetemptationsthatsurroundthem.Atelevisioninthelivingroommayprovideentertainment,butwatchingtoomuchTVoftencontributestolaziness.Createarewardsystemforyourself,justasparentsdoforachild.Completeafewtasksandrewardyourselfwithwhatyouenjoy,suchasagooddinnerorafilm.（2019-2020，外國語高一期末，C）1.【★★☆】Theunderlinedword“temptations”isclosestinmeaningto_______.

A.excitementsB.distractionsC.attractionsD.entertainments【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“Atelevisioninthelivingroommayprovideentertainment,butwatchingtoomuchTVoftencontributestolaziness”意為，“客廳里的電視可能會提供娛樂，但看太多的電視往往會導致懶惰”，所以第一句話應為“有些人通過消除周圍的誘惑來對抗懶惰?！?，故選C。Passage10WhencartoonbookcharactersliketheIncredibleHulkgetangry,theychangecoloursandoftengainspecialpower.Intherealworld,angerislessobviousandmaybemoredangerous.That’swhyProfessorFredLuskin,founderoftheStanfordForgivenessProjectandauthorofForgiveforGood,saysholdingontoangerandhatredcanharmyourphysicalandmentalhealth.Twonewstudiesseemtoshowthesameidea.1.【★★☆】Theunderlinedphrase“holdingonto”inthispassagepossiblymeans“______”.

A.removingB.keepingupC.gettingridofD.learningabout（2017-2018，外國語高一下學期期末C）【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前后文,“…saysholdingontoangerandhatredcanharmyourphysicalandmentalhealth”，意為，“保持憤怒和仇恨會損害你的身心健康”，故選B。Passage11Learningasecondlanguageistoughatanyage.Now,inanewstudy,scientisthavefoundouttheexactageafterwhichyourchancesofreachingfluency（流利）inasecondlanguageseemtoplummet:10.ThestudypublishedinthejournalCognition,foundthatit's"nearlyimpossible"forlanguagelearnerstoreachnative-level（母語水平）fluencyiftheystartlearningasecondlanguageafterage10.“Itturnsoutyou'restilllearningfast,”saysstudyco-authorJoshuaHartshorne.“It’sjustthatyour