Unit2重要知識點牛津譯林版英語八年級上冊

8AU2【wele】haveto&must[haveto]：“必須，不得不”，強調(diào)客觀上的需要，有人稱，時態(tài)的變化（三單hasto,過去式hadto,將來時willhaveto）,其否定形式為don't/doesn’t/didn’thaveto,表示“不必”[must]:“必須”，強調(diào)主觀意愿和看法，無人稱，時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化，其否定形式為mustn't,表示“禁止，不允許”It'slikewatchingTV,buttherearefeweradvertisements.它（上學）就像看電視，只不過廣告少一些。①likeprep.像...+名詞/代詞/ving②fewfewer+可名復(fù)③few;afew;little;alittle區(qū)別Britishn.英國人theBritish=Britishpeople=Englishmanadj.英國的Britishpeoplevacation可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞“假期”（英：holiday）onvacation在度假takeavacation度假winter/summervacation寒假/暑假falln秋天（英：Autumn）；瀑布vi.落下；跌倒6.movien.(可數(shù))電影（英：film）gotoamovie/gotothemovie看電影Shallwegotogether?“Shallwedo......?”提建議的句型?肯定回答：Whynot?/OK./Ofcourse./Allright.【提建議的句型】Let’sdosth.You'dbetterdosth.（你最好做某事）How/Whataboutdoingsth?Whynotdosth?Whydon’tyoudosth?Will/Would/Couldyoupleasedosth?(請你做下某事好嗎？)practisevi/vt.練習，訓練practise(doing)sth（英：practise）n.練習（英：practice）【reading】inyear8在八年級（英：inGrade8）在...年級：美inYear+基數(shù)詞inthe+序數(shù)詞+year英inGrade+基數(shù)詞inthe+序數(shù)詞+grademixvt.混合?mixedadj.混合的?mixturen.混合物Amongallmysubjects,IlikeFrenchbest.①like...best=favourite②Francen.法國?French①n.法語②adj法國的Frenchman法國人Learningforeignlanguageisfun.①learningforeignlanguage動名詞短語，起名詞作用（指學外語這件事），后面的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。②foreignadj.外國的foreignlanguage外語foreignern.外國人duringprep.在...期間duringtheweekborrow....from...借入lend...to...借出keep持有bringin帶來，引進bring“拿來，帶來”，強調(diào)從別處帶某人/某物來到說話人所在地take“拿走，帶走”，強調(diào)使人/物離開說話人所在地carry“攜帶，搬運”，強調(diào)某物從甲地移至乙地，帶著物體隨身移動但無固定方向get/fetch“去取來，去拿來”，多用于口語，指去去了動詞又返回來這一往返過程end①n.末端，盡頭theendof...在...末尾attheendof...在...的末尾/盡頭intheend最后，終于②vt/vi.結(jié)束endwith...以...結(jié)束Thepartyendedwithasong.聚會以一首歌結(jié)束。discussvt.討論discusssthwithsb和某人討論某事discussionn.討論haveadiscussioninclass在課堂上intheclass在班級里[seem]①主語+seem（tobe）+adj.②主語+seemtodo③Itseemsthat從句offer①vt.主動提出，自愿給予offersbsth=offersthtosb為某人提供某物可接雙賓語的常見動詞：一帶（bring,）兩給（give,offer）兩傳遞（pass,hand），借（lend）送（send）展示（show）寫（write）雙賓。offertodosth主動提出做某事②n.提供，提議，提出，出價初中階段常見的以o結(jié)尾變復(fù)數(shù)加es的單詞：英雄（hero）愛吃西紅柿(tomato)，土豆(potato)和芒果(mango)。win&beat詞條含義過去式用法win獲勝，贏得won賓語常是“比賽，戰(zhàn)爭，獎品”等名詞，即race,match,game,petition,war,prize等beat打敗，戰(zhàn)勝beat賓語常是“競爭對手”，即指人或球隊的名詞或代詞by①prep.“由/被....”YesterdayIheardaverybeautifulpieceofmusicbyBeethoven.我昨天聽了一首由貝多芬創(chuàng)作的非常美妙的曲子。②“在....旁，靠近”Thereisasmallwoodenhousebytheriver.③“經(jīng)過...的旁邊”Agirlwentbymetotheteachers’officejustnow.④“(表示方法，手段等)靠，用，通過”LastsummerIwenttoBeijingbyair.⑤“被，由（被動語態(tài)中用來引出動作的執(zhí)行者）”Thebuildingwasdesignedbyastudenttenyearsago.⑥“逐個”Thechildrenwentintothecinemaonebyone.【grammar】fast&quickly&soonfast形容詞，副詞指運動中的人或物體動作本身的速度快，強調(diào)自身速度快。quickly副詞指在較短時間內(nèi)發(fā)生或完成，突出做事動作快。soon副詞指不久就發(fā)生某個動作或狀況，表示所花時間短。far比較級?further/fartherfurther可以表示距離上“較遠，更遠”；還可以表示程度上“進一步”，具有抽象意義farther表示長度或距離上“較遠，更遠”Shedrawsbetterthananyotherstudentinmyclass.“比較級+thananyother+可名單”表示最高級（比較的對象要是同一范圍的）◎數(shù)量的比較兩者數(shù)量的比較用“more...than...”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“...比...多”，more+可名復(fù)/不可名。YouhavemorebooksthanI.你的書比我的多Ihavemorefreetimethanyou.我的空余時間比你的多。2.用“fewer/less...than..."結(jié)構(gòu)表示“......比....少”,fewer+可名復(fù),less+不可名。Ourschoolhasfewerweeksoffforthesummerholidaythanyours.我們學校比你們學校的暑假少放幾個星期。HespendslessmoneyonclothesthanI.他在衣服上花的錢比我少。二、三者或三者以上的數(shù)量上的比較1.用“themost”表示“最多”,most+可名復(fù)/不可名Westudythemostsubjectsofall.在所有人當中我們學習的科目最多。Ispendthemosttimedoingmyhomework.我在做家庭作業(yè)上花的時間最多。2.用“thefewest/least"表示“最少”，fewest+可名復(fù),least+不可名。Danieldrinkstheleast.juiceamongthethreeofus.丹尼爾在我們?nèi)齻€當中飲料喝得最少。Whohasthefewestfriendsofthethree?三個人中誰的朋友最少?◎副詞的比較級和最高級一、副詞比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)則1.規(guī)則變化副詞的比較級和最高級的規(guī)則變化與形容詞基本相同。2.不規(guī)則變化wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfather/furtherfarthest/furthest二、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法1.副詞的比較級和最高級的用法與形容詞基本相同。TomdoeshishomeworkmorecarefullythanI.湯姆做家庭作業(yè)比我認真。Lucydrawsthebestofusall.露西在我們所有人當中畫得最好。2.副詞最高級前面的the可以省略，而形容詞前面的the不可以省略。Theboyisthefastestinhisclass.這個男孩在他班上跑得最快。Theboyruns(the)fastestinhisclass.這個男孩在他班上跑得最快?！綢ntegratedskills&studyskills&task】thenumberof...is....anumberof+可名復(fù)...are...spendvt.花費過去式：spent詞條主語花費常用結(jié)構(gòu)spend人時間/金錢Sb+spend(s)/spent+時間/金錢+onsth(in)doingsthcost物金錢Sth+cost(s)/cost+sb+金錢pay人金錢Sb+pay(s）/paid+金錢+forsthtakeit時間Ittakes/took(sb)+時間+todosthwearvt.穿，戴強調(diào)穿著的狀態(tài)wear+衣物beinprep.強調(diào)穿著的狀態(tài)bein+衣物/顏色puton強調(diào)“穿，戴”的動作dress作動詞時，賓語通常為人dresssb;dressoneself4.ChinesestudentshavemoreweeksoffforthesummerholidaythanBritishstudents.①have+一段時間+off“有...時間的假期”havetwoweeksoff有兩周的假期②off:falloff....從...掉下來keepoff遠離turnoff關(guān)掉Halfanhourforplayingputergamesandanotherhalfanhourforplayingchess.?another①adj.（不確定數(shù)目中的）“另外任何一個的”②代詞“另一個”Ifyoudon’tlikethisone,tryanother.③another+數(shù)詞+名詞=數(shù)詞+more+名詞“還，再，又”?playchess下國際象棋atmost至多，不超過=notmorethan反義詞組：atleast至少后綴ly(1)“名詞+后綴ly”構(gòu)成形容詞monthly每月的friendly友好的(2)形容詞+后綴ly?副詞carefulcarefully?形容詞變副詞的常見方法（1）大多數(shù)形容詞在詞尾加ly,quickquickly（2）輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，y?i，+lyluckyluckily（3）le結(jié)尾的，去e再加yterribleterribly7.lookthrough瀏覽，快速查看；透過...看；翻查；翻找lookup抬頭看；查閱lookout當心lookforwardto盼望lookafter照顧lookfor尋找lookaround環(huán)顧四周atfirst起初，首次atlast最后IalsokeepwritinginEnglishaboutmydailylife.keepdoingsth繼續(xù)，重復(fù)做某事dailylife日常生活daily每日的，日常的形容詞指每天發(fā)生一次的，在句中作定語everyday每天的，日常的形容詞指日常發(fā)生的，無須特別關(guān)心的，只作定語everyday每天副詞短語在句中作狀語finishschool放學；畢業(yè)finishdoingsth結(jié)束做某事后接vingd的動詞和短語動詞：完成（finish）練習（practise）考（consider）建議（suggest），喜歡（enjoy）錯過（miss）別介意(mind)。短語：忙于（bebusy）期盼(lookforwardto)要習慣(beusedto)，不禁(can’thelp)放棄(give)想(feellike)繼續(xù)(keepon)。idealn.理想Weshouldstruggleforourideals.adj.理想的Myidealjobistobeadoctor.needvt.需要needsb/sthneed(sb)todosthsthneedtobedone情態(tài)動詞“必須，必要”常用于否定句或疑問句中，否定形式為“needn't”=don’thavetoneedn’tdosth不必做某事n.需要beinneed12.havefun=haveagood/great/wonderfultime;enjoyoneselfhavefunwithsthhavefundoingsth.作文：我理想的學校生活體裁記敘文話題學校生活時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時人稱第一人稱段落布局開頭：總述學校生活的情況主體：具體敘述一些學校生活結(jié)尾：對整篇文章進行整體概括，升華文章主題句式鏈:Myidealschoolstartsat...andfinishesat...Wehavelotsoftimefor...Ihave...becauseIthink...isveryinteresting.EveryMonday,Igotothe...club.IhopeIhave...weeksoff.Wehaveanhourfor...一、根據(jù)句義或所給的正確形式填空1.Ifyouwanttobefar___________(health),youmustdomoresports.2.Thesekitesmadeofpaperarethese_________(hero).3.Totellyouthetruth,heis________(true)sorryforwhathedid.4.Readingbooksisbetterthan_______(play)toomuchputergamesinthefreetime.5.It’s________(mean)tospendtoomuchtimeontheboringthings,you’dbetternotdothemagain.6.Whatagreattimetheyhave______(chat)witheachotherontheInternet.7.Theweatherisgetting________(terrible)badbecauseoftheheavyrain.8.Tomisthesecond______________(hardworking)boyinourclass.9.Withtheirhelp,wefoundtheMathsproblem________(easy)thanbefore.10.Everymonthwehavea________(month)testaboutourstudy.11.Ourteacheris__________(幽默的)inourschool,heoftentellsfunnyjokesandmakesushappy.12.Asateacher,youcan’tbetoo_________(patient)toyourstudents.13.Wealllookforwardto_______(win)thebasketballfinalinthepetition.14.Yesterdayallofusreceivedthe________(invite)lettersfromLinda.15.Whohasa_______(方形的)faceinyourclass?16.Thehillismorethan120metersin________(high).17.PeopleintheUKsay“holiday”whilepeopleintheUSAsay“________(假期)”.18.Whichis___________(important)ofthetwoquestions?19.Thelinelooks________(end),it’sdifficulttobuytheticket.20.Heisveryhelpful,heoftenoffers________(help)thepeopleinneed.【答案】healthier2.heroes’3.truly4.playing5.meaningless6.chatting7.terribly8.mosthardworking9.easier10.monthly11.themosthumorousimpatient13.winning14.invitation15.square16.height17.vocation18.themoreimportant19.endless20.tohelp二、單項選擇()1.Ihavetosaythatthisis_________bestfilmIhaveseen.Iagree.Ihaveneverseen_________betterone.A.a;the B.a;a C.the;a D.the;the()2.Didyouseethefilmlastnight?Yes,Ithought_________formetoseesuchafilm.A.it’sinteresting B.that’sinterestingC.itinteresting D.thatinteresting()3.Whichcolordoyoulike_________,Bill,red_________yellow?A.most;or B.better;or C.best;or D.more;and()4.It_________himalotthathisfatherlosthiswayhome.A.worried B.worriedabout C.wasworriedabout D.wasworried()5.Heknockedsomething_________theshelfwhenhe_________it.A.off;passed B.down;past C.off;past D.over;passed()6.Yoursweaterisn’t_________though(雖然)it’smuchmoreexpensive.A.asbeautifulasher B.sobeautifulasyou C.asniceashis D.assameasmine()7._________isitfromheretothepark?About20minutesbybike.A.Howlong B.Howsoon C.Howfar D.Howoften()8.Whichofthefollowingwordsispronounced/weist/?A.west B.weight C.waste D.worst()9._________iteasiertokeepintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathome.A.Made B.Make C.Making D.Tomake()10._________excitingnewsitis!Ourteamhaswonthegame.A.How B.Howan C.What D.Whatan()11.Hehas_________moneyandhecanbuyonly_________sheep.A.few;little B.little;few C.little;afew D.few;alittle()12._________Davidbethenewmonitorofourclass?He_________be,butI’mnotsure.A.Can;may B.Can;can’t C.May;must D.May;can’t()13.Tokyoislargerthan_________inChinaandit’slargerthan_________inAsia.A.anyothercity;theothercities B.allthecities;anyothercity C.theothercities;anycity D.anycity;allthecities()14.HespeaksEnglishwell,butofcoursenot_________apersonborninBritain.A.asgoodas B.betterthan C.aswellas D.worsethan()15.Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?Yes.Whatgreatfun_________ourselvestoallkindsofsnacks!A.wehadtohelp B.itwashelping C.itistohelp D.wehadhelping【答案】CCBAACCCDCCADCD三、用所給動詞的適當形式填空1.Theyhadafamilymeetingand_________(plan)togotoHongKongforavisitfortheingholiday.2.Look!Itissocloudy.It_________(rain).3.–HowlongdoesKittyspend_________(chat)onlinewithherfriendseveryday?–Lessthanonehour.4.Whatgreatfunitis_________(fly)kitesintheopenair!5.–Ican’tbelievethatyou’vesoldmesuchaterriblewashingmachine.Itdoesn’twork.I_________(listen),Madam.Couldyouspeakalittlemoreslowlyandtellmewhat’swrong?6.Don’tkeep_________(worry)aboutyourson.Hewilltakegoodcareofhimself.7.Themoreexerciseyou_________(take),thestrongeryouwillbe.8.Whatevertheysay,Ichoose_________(trust)you.【答案】1.planned2.isgoingtorain3.chatting4.tofly5.amlistening6.worrying7.take8.totrust四、完成句子1.我不喜歡看《侏羅紀世界2》，因為它沒有《憨豆先生》有趣。Idon’tlikewatching<JurassicWorld2>because_________________________as<MrBean>.2.目前，大城市的房價比小城市的高很多。Atpresent,thepriceofthehousesinbigcities_________________________insmallcities.3.徐崢很有幽默感，因此他的電影我從不感到無聊。XuZhenghas_________________________,soIneverfeelboredwithhisfilms.4.感謝你仔細聆聽我的問題并主動給予我?guī)椭hanksfor_________________________and_________________________.5.爸爸不斷告誡我不要花太多時間在電腦上。Father_________________________spendtoomuchtimeonputers.6.暑假里，英國學生比中國學生少幾周的休假。Britishstudents_________________________thesummerholidaythanChinesestudents.7.功課越難，你越得認真學習。_________________________thesubjectsare,_________________________youshouldstudy.【答案】1.itisn’tasinteresting2.ismuchhigherthanthat3.agoodsenseofhumor4.listeningtomyproblemscarefully;offeringhelptome5.keepstellingmenotto6.havefewerweeksofffor7.Theharder;themorecarefully五、完形填空Lisahasalwaysbeenoverweight.Shewantedtoloseweight,notjustbecauseshewantedto__36morebeautifulandbehealthier,butalsobecauseitwouldmakelifeeasier.Forexample,itwas37forLisatofindreadymadeclothesthatwouldfit.Shehadtoaskatailor(裁縫)__38clothesthatwerelargeenough.Inschool,sheneededaspecialchairwhichwasbiggerand___39thantheotherchairs.Ifshewentforawalk,shegottiredveryquickly.Shewasalsounhappyaboutthewaypeopletreated40sometimes.“Peoplelookatmeandevenmakefunofme.That’sunfair!It’struethatI’moverweight,butIdon’tthinkpeople41treatmedifferentlybecauseI’mbig.Ican’tenjoy42withmyfriendsbecauseI’mafraidofgettingfatter.”Herfriendsandfamilynevermadefunofher.Theytriedtohelpher43.Theywantedhertobehappyandhealthy.SometimeswhenLisawasfeelingsad,shedidn’twanttospeakto44.Butnowthings45quitedifferent.LastmonthherclassmateswerepreparingfortheSchool46Week.SomeoneadvisedLisatoplaytheleadroleoftheproudQueen(女王)whowastallandfat.Lisa47andpracticedalot.Soonaftertheplay,Lisabecamethestar!Shedidsowellthateverybodyrememberedthe__48__Queen.Theystoodaroundherandsaid“49”toher.SheevenwontheSchoolBestActressAwardforherwonderfulperformance.NowLisadoesn’tworry50beingfatanymore.ShebelievesintheEnglishsaying“Everydoghasitsday.”36．A.see B.watch C.notice D.look37．A.easy B.difficult C.wrong D.right38．A.making B.makes C.make D.tomake39．A.stronger B.higher C.longer D.wider40．A.her B.him C.me D.you41．A.can B.may C.should D.must42．A.havingdinner B.havingparties C.doingsports D.playinggames43．A.however B.instead C.too D.either44．A.nobody B.someone C.anyone D.everyone45．A.was B.is C.were D.are46．A.Sports B.Art C.Science D.Environment47．A.agreed B.disagreed C.answered D.allowed48．A.beautiful B.happy C.sad D.proud49．A.Sorry B.Goodluck C.Congratulations D.Goodbye50．A.with B.about C.in D.for【答案】DBDAACABCDBADCB六、閱讀理解PeopleinAustralialovekoalasandtakecareofthem．Theyhavesetupplacesforthemtolivesafely．Noonecankillthemfortheirprettyfur(皮毛)．Whenakoalaisborn,hehasnofur．Andheisnotasbigasyourlittletoe(腳趾)!Themotherkoalahasapocketinthefrontofherbody．Thebabygoesintothiswarmpocket．Therehestaysforsixmonths．Whenthebabyleavesthepocket,hehasmuchfur．Andheisaboutasbigasyoursho