2025屆新高考英語精準沖刺復習主謂一致

2025屆新高考英語精準沖刺復習

主謂一致

主謂一致三原則：主謂一致語法一致（AgreementinGrammar）意義一致（AgreementinMeaning）就近一致=就近原則（AgreementinNearness）1)語法一致原則（AgreementinGrammar）主語和謂語動詞之間的一致關系表現(xiàn)在“數(shù)”的形式上，即用做主語的名詞或名詞詞組的中心詞和謂語動詞在單復數(shù)形式上一致。如果名詞或名詞詞組的中心詞是復數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞應該用復數(shù)形式；如果名詞或名詞詞組的中心詞是單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。（1）動名詞，介詞短語或名詞性從句作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)。Readingaloudisimportantinlearningaforeignlanguage.Whetherhecomesornotisofnomatter.Whatmattersmost_______notwinningbutparticipation.A.areB.tobeC.wasD.is（2）當“主語+aswellas（asmuchas，nolessthan，alongwith，togetherwith，ratherthan，like，unlike，but，except，besides，including”時,其謂語單復數(shù)與前面主語保持一致。MysisterwithherchildrenhasgonetoHongkong.Theteacheraswellashisstudentslikesmusic.Nothingbutstampsandenvelopesisforsale.Theteacherwithanumberofstudentsisintheclassroom.Dr.Watson,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,________visitBeijingthissummer.A.isgoingtoB.aregoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.weregoingto（3）用and或both...and連接并列主語,謂語用復數(shù)。Bothbreadandbutterweresoldout.MaryandJanecompetewitheachotherforfirstprize.[注意]a.并列主語指的是同一個人、同一個事物或同一概念,謂語用單數(shù),這時and后面的名詞無冠詞。Asingeranddancerwaspresentattheparty.b.由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前面分別有each，every，no或manya修飾時,謂語用單數(shù)。Inourcountry，everyboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Everyboyandgirl_______thebookandtheyeach_______tobuyone.A.like,wantB.likes,wantsC.likes,wantD.like,wantsc.用and連接起來的兩種不同物質作主語,這兩種物質被看作是一種混合體時,謂語用單數(shù)。

Mudandsandisalreadyprepared.泥沙已經(jīng)準備好。（4）一些只有復數(shù)形式的名詞,如clothes，trousers，glasses等作主語時,謂語用復數(shù)。Mytrousersarenowbeingwashedbymymother.[注意]：由“a/the/thispair（form，kind，type）of或either（neither）of+名詞復數(shù)”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Thispairofshoesbelongstome.Thereisapairofshoesleftontheshelf.Iseitherofyourparentsanengineer?（5）“morethan+數(shù)詞+名詞（復）”作主語時,謂語用復數(shù)?！眒orethanone+單數(shù)名詞”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Morethan300peoplehaveattendedthelecture.Morethanonepersonisinvolvedinthiscase.（6）由“alotof，lotsof，aquantityof，onethirdof，（60）percentof，halfof，therestof等+名詞”作主語時,謂語的單數(shù)或復數(shù)要由of后面的名詞的數(shù)來確定。但quantitiesof+名詞，做主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Avastquantityofbeerwassoldyesterday.Onethirdoftheworkersinthisfactoryarewomen.Largequantitiesofwater________neededforcoolingpurpose.A.isB.areC.beD.was（7）由“anumberof+名詞（復）”作主語時,謂語用復數(shù);而由“thenumberof+名詞（復）作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)。AnumberofYoungPioneersareplayinggamesnearthelake.Thenumberoftheteachersinthisschoolisover200.（8）關系代詞在定語從句中作主語,從句中的謂語應和從句所修飾的先行詞一致。在“oneof+名詞復數(shù)+定語從句”結構中,one前有theonly等修飾詞,定語從句中謂語動詞用單數(shù);one前沒有theonly等修飾詞,則從句謂語動詞用復數(shù)。

Heisoneoftheboyswhoareoftenlateforschool.Shewastheonlyoneofthewomenwhowasgiventhechancetogoabroad.Heistheonlyoneofthechildrenwho_______afraidofgoingoutaloneatnight.A.areB.isC.wereD.was2）意義上的一致（AgreementinMeaning）主語和謂語動詞的一致關系并非只取決于語法上的單復數(shù)形式，還取決于主語的單復數(shù)意義。有時主語在語法形式上并非復數(shù)，但含有復數(shù)意義，其后的謂語動詞用復數(shù)；反之，主語在語法形式上是復數(shù)，而在意義上是單數(shù)，其后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。（1）表示時間、距離、價格、度量衡等復數(shù)名詞或短語作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)Fiftyyearsisnotashorttime.Fourthousanddollarsismorethanshecanafford.Onehundredyears_______notaverylongperiodoftimeinhumanhistory,thoughafewpeoplecanlivethatlong.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen（2）在數(shù)學概念中,表示數(shù)目的主語通常按單數(shù)看待。Howmuchisfifty－sixdividedbyseven（3）news（新聞），means(方法、手段)，works（工廠）以及以－cs結尾的學科名稱，常見的有physics（物理學）,economics（經(jīng)濟學）,electronics（電子學）,mathematics（數(shù)學）,ethics（倫理學）,politics（政治學）,statistics(統(tǒng)計學)都屬于形復意單的名詞,作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)。Southofthecityliesanironworks.Physicsseemstobedifficulttome.Nonewsisgoodnews.TheglassworkswasbuiltinJuly，1979.Manymeanshavebeentried.（4）書、報、戲劇、電影、國名等名稱的專有名詞,當其中的主要名詞為復數(shù)時,謂語用單數(shù)。TheNewYorkTimesispublishedeveryday.TheUnitedStatesisoneofthedevelopedcountriesintheworld.（5）有些集合名詞,如public，government，family，class，team，group,audience,cattle,committee,staff,crowd等作主語時,如果被看成一個整體,謂語用單數(shù);如果就其中一個個成員而言,謂語用復數(shù)。Ateamfullofcourageislikelytowin.Thewholeclassarelisteningtotheteacherattentively.Thewholefamily_______TVattentively.A.arewatchingB.watchesC.iswatchingD.areseeing（6）“the+形容詞”結構表示一類人作主語時,謂語通常用復數(shù)。TheoldarewelllookedafterinChina.Thewoundedhavebeensenttothehospitalnearby.3）就近一致（AgreementofNearness）謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語（主要指名詞或代詞）的單、復形式。（1）在倒裝句中,謂語通常和其后邊的第一個名詞保持一致。Hereisanorangeandtwoapplesforyou.Onthewallaremanypictures.（2）用連詞or，either...or，neither...nor，whether...or，notonly...butalso等連接的兩個并列主語,謂語要與最近的主語保持一致。例如:Hedidn’tsaywhetherEnglishnovelsoranEnglishdictionarywaswanted.Maryandyouaretoblameforthefault.EitheryouorIamgoingtouniversity.NotonlyIbutalsoTomandMary_______fondofwatchingTV.A.isB.areC.wasD.were習題：1.Thisisoneofthelaboratoriesthat_______thisyearinourinstitute.A.havebeenbuiltB.buildsC.isbuilt被動語態(tài)D.havebuilt2.Wewalktoschooleveryday.Afterall,twokilometers距離notalongwaytogoonfoot.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen3.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI_______goodatpainting.Bothofus_______goodpainters.A.are;areB.am;amC.am,areD.is,is4.Theresultsoftheexamination_______thatyouhaveallmadegreat________.A.show;progressBshows;progress（不可數(shù)名詞）

C.show;progressesD.shows;progresses5.Therich富人_______notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have6.Theteacheraswellashisstudents_______plantingthetreesintheparknow.'A.wereB.areC.isD.was7.Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentsintheclassthatnever________amistakeevenwhenitispointedouttohimA.admitmakingB.admits承認doingsthmakingC.admittomakeD.admitstomake8.TheLeaguesecretary團委書記

andmonitor監(jiān)督員_______askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting_______nextMonday.A.is;tobeheldB.was;heldC.are;tobeheldD.were;held9.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.were;wasB.was;wereC.was,wasD.were;were10.Morethanonestudent________punished.Morestudentsthanone______praisedA.are;isB.were;wereC.were;wasD.was,were11.Mysister,aswellasherclassmates

who______lateforclass,_____criticized批評byMr.Hunt.A.were;wasB.was;wereC.was;wasD.were;were12.MyfriendandclassmatePaul_______motorcyclesinhissparetime.A.raceB.racesC.isracedD.isracing13.Climbing（動名詞）hills_______ofgreathelptohealth.A.isB.areC.wereD.be14.Theinjured受傷的人

intheearthquake_______goodcareofbysomemedicalteams.A.istakenB.arebeingtaken被動語態(tài)

C.aretakingD.isbeingtaken15.Eachmanandeachwoman______askedtohelpwhenthefirebrokeout.AisB.wasc.areD.were16.About60percentofthestudents________fromthesouth;therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.Aare;isB.is;iscis;areD.are;are17.——Isthereanybodyintheclassroom?——No,theteacher,togetherwiththestudents______totheground.A.goBwentC.hasgoneD.havegone18.Agreatdealofwork______ustodo.AawaitB.awaitsC.awaitedD.areawaited19

Whattheyhavedone_______usefultothepeople,AareconsideredBisconsidered認為

C.wereconsideredD.willbeconsidered20AsIhaveameetingatfour.tenminutes______allthatIcansparetotalkwithyou.AareB.wasC.isD.were21.Neithermoneynorfame______influenceonme.AhavehadBhaveC.hasD.had22.Heistheonlyoneofthesonsinthefamilywho_______receivedhighereducation.A.areB.isC.haveD.has23.Surprisingly,mathematics_______votedfortheirfavoritesubjectlastterm.A.areB.wereC.wasD.is24.Eitheryouorthepreside