2024年中考英語(yǔ)（蘇州地區(qū)）重難題型突破中考常規(guī)題型二閱讀理解課件

重難題型突破題型二閱讀理解?

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方法點(diǎn)津1.先讀問(wèn)題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)。此目的是帶著問(wèn)題看文章，做到心中有數(shù)，有的放矢。2.快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌。注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的信息，如果時(shí)間緊，至少要掃一下首段和尾段。再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來(lái)想一想，這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時(shí)，不要忙于答題。3.細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞，掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：（1）

抓住四個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”，就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記，把What（事件）、When（時(shí)間）、Where（地點(diǎn)）、Why（原因）、How（經(jīng)過(guò)）畫(huà)出來(lái)。抓住了四個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問(wèn)題便可解決。（2）

抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語(yǔ)等。因?yàn)檫@些詞具有因果、讓步、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、指代、列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能，這對(duì)分清文章層次、辨明各種關(guān)系、了解人物心理、推斷作者意圖、進(jìn)行邏輯推理等都具有舉足輕重的作用。（3）

根據(jù)題意，初選答案。這一步須仔細(xì)審題，領(lǐng)會(huì)測(cè)試要求，確定解題方法。對(duì)那些明顯的、有把握的題可以直接確定，不必對(duì)其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間；有些略難的題，應(yīng)再查閱短文（不是重讀一遍），迅速找出依據(jù)，予以排除。常用的解題方法有如下幾種：①

直接解題法；②

歸納解題法；③

綜合推理法；④

捕捉關(guān)鍵詞；⑤

轉(zhuǎn)換解題法；⑥

排除法。4.重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案。在解完最后一題后，如果時(shí)間允許，將原文再讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率思考各題，研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，目的在于對(duì)所做答案進(jìn)一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。?

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典例展示（2023·蘇州）Confucianism（儒家思想）hasbeenfollowedbyChinesepeopleformorethantwothousandyears.Tohelppeopleunderstandhowtobehavetowardsothers，ConfucianismteachestheFiveConstants（五常）.Theseareren，

yi，

li，

zhiandxin.Theyaregeneralvirtues（美德）aroundtheworld.Themostimport-anttwoarerenandli.Renisthefeelingofcareandloveweshouldhaveforothers.Confuciusexplainedthatrencouldbestbeunderstoodaslovingothers.Heisfamousforteachingpeople“Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself，donotdotoothers”.ItisquitesimilartowhatisknownintheWestastheGoldenRule（treatothersthewayyouwanttobetreated）.Whilethemeaningofreniseasytounderstand，

liisalittlehardertoexpress.Itcanbethoughtofasdutyorevenrespect.Generally，

liisthewayweshouldconnectwithpeopleinoureverydaylife.InConfucianwritings，discussionsaboutliincludetheproperwaytodrinkteaandhowtorememberancestors（祖先）.Whilerenismostlyaboutouropinionsandfeelings，

liisabouthowweexpressouropinionsandfeelingstowardsothersandtowardstheworldaroundus.Perhapsthemostwell-knownConfucianvirtueisxiao.Thisisthedutychildrenhavetotheirparents.Xiaomeansloving，respecting，obeyingandtakingcareofone’sparentsintheiroldage.InConfucianism，

xiaoisimportantforaharmonious（和諧的）society：Withoutit，thewholeworldwouldfallintoamess.（

B

）1.WhicharethemostimportantoftheFiveConstants？A.Renandyi.B.Renandli.C.Liandxin.D.Yiandzhi.（

C

）2.WhatisthebestChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3？A.博學(xué)于文，約之以禮。B.學(xué)而不思則罔，思而不學(xué)則殆。C.己所不欲，勿施于人。D.君子和而不同，小人同而不和。BC（

C

）3.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofli？A.Buildingapeacefulsociety.B.Takingcareofone’schildren.C.Obeyingrulesofdrinkingtea.D.Learningallthroughone’slife.（

A

）4.WhatdoesthepassagemainlytellusaboutConfucianism？A.Itsgeneralvirtues.B.Itslonghistory.C.Itsnewchallenges.D.Itsgoldenrules.CAA（2023·揚(yáng)州中學(xué)教育集團(tuán)樹(shù)人學(xué)校模擬）（詞數(shù)：317

建議用時(shí)：7分鐘）WhiteFangwasalmostfullygrownandhelookedmorelikeawolfthanadog.Hedidn’tfeelfrightenedofthegrowndogsanymore.InafightagainstanolddogBaseek，hisoldenemy，heeasilydefeatedBaseek.ThisgaveWhiteFangevenmoreconfidenceinhimself.Fromthenon，noneoftheotherdogschallengedhim.Ashorttimeafterthis，WhiteFangwentwithGrayBeavertovisitanothervillagewherehemethismotherKiche.Herememberedher，butshedidnotrememberhim—wolvesdonotremembertheiroldcubs（幼崽）afteratime.①

?Shethoughthewasadangerouswolfandattackedhim.Hehadlearnedtolivewithouther.②

?WhenWhiteFangwasthree，therewasabadfamine.Therewasnothingtoeat.Thedogsbegantoeatotherdogs.Thenthemenbegantoeattheirdogs.Ingreatfear，thedogsranoffintotheforestwheretheysometimesdiedofhunger.WhiteFangwentintotheforesttoo.③

?Hewasabletocatchsmallanimals，suchassquirrelsandwoodlandmice，betterthanthedogscould.Hewasthreequarterswolfandhadlearnedhowtohuntwhenhewasacub.Hewasevenabletokillanoldwolf，weakenedbyhunger.Oncehewasattackedbythewolfpack（狼群），buthewasfullofenergyfromtwodaysofeatingalynxandtheweakwolvescouldnotcatchhim.Heevenraninabigcircle，andkilledandateoneoftheweakestwolvesatthebackofthepack.Oneday，hecametoadifferentvillage.Therewasthesmelloffoodandthesoundsofhappypeopleandanimals.GrayBeaver’swife，Kloo-KoochwelcomedWhiteFangwithamealoffish.Thefaminewasfinallyoverforhim.④

?（

C

）1.WhichofthefollowingaboutWhiteFangisinthecorrectorder？a.Hewaswelcomedwithamealoffish.b.Heleftandhuntedintheforest.c.Therewasafamine，andthemenhadnothingtoeat.d.Hetravelledtoanothervillagewherehemethismother.e.Hehadafightagainstanoldenemyandwon.A.e-a-b-c-dB.e-b-a-c-dC.e-d-c-b-aD.e-d-b-c-aC（

B

）2.Wherecanweputthemissingsentence“Heunderstoodthathehadtobeindependent.”inthepassage？A.①B.②C.③D.④（

D

）3.Theunderlinedword“famine”inParagraph3means“

?”.A.災(zāi)難B.瘟疫C.旱澇D.饑荒BD（

C

）4.Accordingtothepassage，whichbestdescribesWhiteFang？A.Helpfulandbrave.B.Strongbutmean.C.Wildandindependent.D.Confidentbutweak.CB（2023·宿遷模擬）（詞數(shù)：317

建議用時(shí)：7分鐘）Inmyearlychildhood，IwasoftensurprisedwhenIsawmyfathermakingasmallnumberofmoneywithdifficulty.Beingachild，Iwasunabletounderstandhim.WhenIwasolder，myfatherstarteddoingaparttimejobathome.Heoftenbroughtsomeworkbackandworkedtilllatenight.Ican’tforgetheplayedwithmewhenIwas3or4yearsold.HetaughtmehowtoreadwhenIwasattheageof5.HetookcareofmeallnightwhenIwassick.WheneverIfeltdown，hewouldcheermeup.Healsocaredaboutmylessonsandoftenhelpedmegetreadyforexaminations.LaterhesentmetoNewDelhiforthebesteducation.WheneverIneededmoney，heneverrefused.Healwaysmanagedmoneyformystudies.Twoyearsago，IgotajobatahospitalinNewDelhi.WhenIhelpedmyfirstpatient，Igotastrongfeelingofsatisfaction.WhenIgotmyfirstsalary（薪水）whichwasabouttentimesmorethanmypocketmoney，Ispentitallonmyself.WhenIreturnedhomeonefinemorning，Iheardmyfathercommunicatingwithoneneighbour.Hewastellinghimaboutmyjobveryproudly.HealsotoldhimthatIhadahighersalarythanhim.Adreamthathissonshouldbecomebetterthanhimselfcametrue.Iwasunabletomoveonmyfeet.Past23yearsflashedintomymindinamoment.Iknewmyfatherlovedmeverymuch.Icouldunderstandthemeaningofmyfather’saspirations（渴望）.Icouldunderstandthedecisionsmyfathermadeinthepast.Thefinancial（經(jīng)濟(jì)）difficultyhewasfacingwasdecidedbyhisgoal—makinghischildmoresuccessfulthanhimself.IftodayIamsuccessful，thisisbecauseofmyfather.（

B

）1.Fromthefirstparagraph，weknowthewriter’sfatheris

?.A.humorousB.hard-workingC.seriousD.outgoing（

A

）2.Whenthewriterwasyoung，hisfather

?.A.managedmoneyforhisstudiesB.cheeredhimupallnightC.hardlyboughtanythingforhimD.onlycaredabouthisexaminationsBA（

D

）3.Therightorderofthestoryis

?.a.Myfathersentmetogetthebesteducation.b.Myfatherthoughthisdreamcametrue.c.Beingachild，Iwasunabletounderstandmyfather.d.Icouldunderstandthemeaningofmyfather’saspirations.e.Igotahighersalarythanmyfather.A.b-d-c-e-aB.d-a-c-e-bC.c-a-e-b-dD.c-a-d-b-eC（

D

）4.Thebesttitleforthispassageis“

?”.A.AsuccessfulchildB.AnunforgettablemomentC.AdifficulttimeD.Afather’sloveDC（2023·蘇州模擬）（詞數(shù)：216

建議用時(shí)：5分鐘）Orderingtakeoutisverypopularnowadaysbecauseitisconvenient.Morethan60percentofthepeopleinChinaordertakeoutfoodtwiceaweek.Ifpeopledon’twanttoeatout，theycanjustordertakeoutonthesmartphoneandwaitforittobedelivered（送達(dá)）.Whataboutpeoplelivinginancienttimes？Didtheyeattakeout？Infact，therewastakeoutasfarbackastheSongdynasty.Accordingtohistorybooks，EmperorXiaozong（1127—1194）likedtoordertakeoutlateatnight.Hisservantsthenwentaroundthecitytopickupthedishesandbringthembacktothepalace.Ordinary（普通的）peoplealsoorderedtakeout.Restaurantwaiterswouldgooutintothestreetsandyelloutwhichdishescouldbeorderedthatday.Afterhearingthewaiters，peoplecouldthenplaceanorder.Later，deliveryworkerswouldbringfoodtotheirhomes.InthefamousSongdynastypaintingAlong

the

River

During

the

Qingming

Festival，atakeoutworkercanbeseenwithfoodinhand.Peopleatthattimeevenhadaspecialmealboxfortakeoutdishes.Itwasalongwoodenboxwithseverallayers.Peoplealsousedwarmingplatesmadeoftwolayersofporcelain（瓷）.Hotwatercouldbeputbetweenthemtokeepdisheswarm.（

A

）1.Accordingtothepassage，takeouthasalonghistoryofabout

?years.A.900B.1，100C.1，500D.2，000（

D

）2.Theunderlinedword“yell”inParagraph3probablymeans“

?”.A.giveB.sendC.takeD.shoutAD（

B

）3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat

?.A.everyemperorintheSongdynastylikedorderingtakeoutB.eatingmidnightfoodwasquitepopularintheSongdynastyC.therewasnoneedtoordertakeoutaheadoftimeinancienttimesD.thetakeoutboxinancienttimeswasnotenvironmentallyfriendlyB（

C

）4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage？A.TheemperorwholikedtakeoutB.TheadvantagesoforderingtakeoutC.TakeoutinancientChinaD.WaystoordertakeoutinancientChinaCD（2023·南通市啟東市模擬）（詞數(shù)：334

建議用時(shí)：8分鐘）Isitshi（是）orsi（斯）inthesentence“ThuswhenHeavenisabouttoconferagreatofficeonanyman（故天將降大任于是/斯人也）”？Notlongago，peoplehadaheateddiscussiononlineaboutthis.Mostpeople“clearlyremember”thatit’ssi，whiletheirchildhoodtextbookssayit’sshi.Itshowshowunreliable（不可靠的）ourmemorycanbe.AccordingtopsychologistFaithBrynie，memoriescanbeinfluencedbyimagination，beliefandtime.Manystudieshaveproventhat“feelingcertain”aboutamemorysometimeshasnothingtodowiththefacts.Attitudes

and

belief

change

our

memoryScientistsatCornellUniversitytoldcollegestudentsastoryaboutamanwhowalkedoutwithoutpayingarestaurantbill.Thefirstgroupwastoldthattheman“l(fā)ikedtosteal”.Thesecondgroupwastoldthatheleftbecausehegotanemergency（緊急的）phonecall.Oneweeklaterthefirstgrouprememberedahigherbill—10to25percentmorethanthebillactuallywas.Thesecondgrouprememberedalowerbill.Thestudyshowedthathowweexpectorbelievethingstohappencandistort（扭曲）ourmemories.Remembering

things

that

never

happenedInanotherexperiment（實(shí)驗(yàn)），peoplewatchedafilmandwereasked：

“Howfastwasthewhitecargoingwhenitpassedthebarn（谷倉(cāng)）whiletravellingalongthecountryroad？”Actuallytherewasnobarninthefilm.Butabout20percentofthestudentssaidtheyhadseenthebarn.NorthwesternUniversityscientistKennethPallersaidthatpartsofthebrainforreallyseeinganobjectandimagininganobjectoverlap（重疊）.Soimaginationaftergettingahint（暗示）couldleaveamemorytrace（痕跡）inthebrain.Si

or

shiInthecaseofsiorshi，somepeoplesaidthatsisoundsmorelikeancientChinese.That’swhymostpeoplerelateittotheancientclassic.OntheInternet，theversion（版本）ofsiisalsomorewidespreadthanshi，givingpeopleawronghint.（

C

）1.Inthefirstexperiment，thefirstgrouprememberedahigherbillbecause

?.A.thestudentsforgotthebillcompletelyB.thestudentsthoughtthemanwasrichenoughC.thescientistsmadethestudentsbelievethemanwasbadD.thescientiststoldthestudentsthatthemanshouldpaymoreC（

C

）2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hint”referto？A.Thesightsinthefilm.B.KennethPaller’swords.C.Theword“barn”inthequestion.D.Arealbarninstudents’memories.C（

A

）3.Whatcanwelearnfromthecaseofsiorshi？A.Feelingscandecidepeople’smemories.B.Theversionofshiismorewidespread.C.People’smemoriesarealwaysunreliable.D.TherewasnosoundofshiinancientChinese.A（

A

）4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage？A.Areyoureallysure？B.Haveyouforgottenyet？C.Whatshouldberemembered？D.Howisthememoryimproved？AE（2023·南京聯(lián)合體模擬）（詞數(shù)：307

建議用時(shí)：8分鐘）TheEarthisabout4.6billionyearsold.WehumanshavelivedontheEarthforarelativelysmallnumberofyears，butduringthisperiod，wehavechangedourplanetalotinmanyways.SomethingswehavedoneareverygoodfortheEarthwhileothersarebad.TheAmazonrainforestinSouthAmericaisthelargestrainforestintheworld.Theforestisimportantforpeopleallovertheworldbecauseitproducesalotofoxygen，andalsohelpstocooltheweather.Butlargeareasoftherainforestarebeingcutdownforwood—55％oftheforestcouldbegoneby2030！TheWorldWildlifeFund（WWF）ishelpingtostopsomeareasoftherainforestfrombeingcutdown.TheAralSeawasoneofthelargestlakesintheworldbeforethe1960s.Thenriverswerediverted（改道）andithasbeengettingsmallereversince.By2007，itwasonly10％ofitsoriginalsize.Duststormshappenagainandagainandthevillagessitontheedgeofahugedesert（沙漠）withlargeshipsstranded（擱淺）initssand.InChina，morethan2，250km2ofgrasslandneartheGobiturnsintodeserteveryyear.ThereareoftenstormsthatblowdustallthewaytoBeijing.Thestormsaregettingworseeachyearandhaveadeepinfluenceonfarmers.ThegoaloftheGreatGreenWallproject，startedin1978，istoincreaseforestsinnorthernChinafrom5％to15％inordertostopthedesertfromgrowing.Theprojectfacesmanychallenges.However，peoplemustnevergiveuponit.Savingthedisappearingnatureneedseveryone’seffort.Althougheachoneofusmayonlydoalittle，togetherwecanmakeabigdifference.Whatcanyoudotoprotecttheenvironment？（

D

）1.WhymustwesavetheAmazonrainforestaccordingtothepassage？A.ItgottheattentionofWWF.B.Theriversinitwerediverted.C.Moreandmoreduststormshappenthere.D.Ithelpsproduceoxygenandcooltheweather.D（

C

）2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“original”inthethirdparagraphprobablymean？A.Largestorbiggest.B.Unusualandfunny.C.Firstorearliest.D.Completelydifferent.C（

B

）3.HowcantheGreatGreenWallprojecthelptosavethegrassland？A.Byimprovingfarmers’life.B.Bypreventingthedesertgrowing.C.Bykeepingpeoplesafefromduststorms.D.Bybuildingadamtohavehigherwaterlevels.B（

D

）4.Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom？A.Atravelguide.B.Ahistorybook.C.Aliterarynovel.D.Ageographymagazine.DF（2023·常州外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校模擬）（詞數(shù)：327

建議用時(shí)：7分鐘）Everybodylikestofeelthatsheorheisspecial.Sadly，manyofusgrowupbelievingthatwe’renotspecialatall.Wewishthatwecouldbemoreattractiveorbetteratsports.Wewishwehadmoremoneyornicerclothes.LiketheTinMan，theScarecrow，ortheCowardlyLionfromThe

Wizard

of

Oz，wethinkwe’renotgoodenough.Inthefilm，theTinManwisheshehadaheart.TheScarecrowwishesthathehadabrain，andtheCowardlyLionwantscourage.Finally，theyrealizethattheyalreadyhavewhattheywant.Nearlyallparentswantustobethebestwecanbe.Theysometimestrytoencourageustodobetterbycomparingustoothers.Theymeanwell，butthemessageweusuallygetisthatwe’renotgoodenough.Westarttobelievethattheonlywaywecanbespecialisbybeingbetterthansomebodyelse，butweareoftendisappointed（失望的）.Therewillalwaysbesomebodyouttherethatisbetterthanweareatsomething.Therearealotofpeoplearoundwhomaynotbeassmartaswearebutarebetteratsports.Ortheymaynotbeashandsomeasweare，buttheyaremoresuccessful.Itisunthinkableforustobebetterthaneverybodyelseallthetime.LiketheTinMan，theScarecrow，andtheCowardlyLion，weallneedwhatwebelievewillmakeusbetterpeople.Whatwedon’tunderstandisthatoftenwealreadyhavetheverythingsinsideusthatwelookfor.Ourparentsoftenforgettotellusthatwearespecialandthatwearegoodenoughjustasweare.Perhapsnoonetoldthemwhentheyweregrowingup，ormaybetheyjustforgot.Eitherway，it’suptoustoremindthemsometimesthateachofus，inourownway，isspecial.（

C

）1.Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeofwritingthetext？A.Todescribehowsmartweare.B.Totalkaboutourfamilyproblems.C.Toexplaintheimportanceofbeingourselves.D.Tosuggesthowpeoplecanchangetheirwayoflife.C（

C

）2.Whatdoesthewritersayaboutourparents？A.Theynevercompareuswithotherchildren.B.Theyalwaystellusthatwearegoodenough.C.Theyoftenforgettotellusthatwearespecial.D.Theyalwayswantustobethesameasothers.C（

D

）3.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage？A.WhatmakesyousmartB.WhatmakesyouhappyC.WhatmakesyoustrongD.WhatmakesyouspecialDG（2023·鹽城市大豐區(qū)模擬）（詞數(shù)：282

建議用時(shí)：6分鐘）Itisapopularbeliefthatfishcan’trememberanythingforlongerthansevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthattheyd