Unit-5-Expanded-Sentence-Base-1教學(xué)課件說(shuō)課

Unit5

ExpandedSentenceBase(1)IntroductionAfterlearninghowtochoosewordsandhowtoproducecorrectsimplesentences,itishightimewebegantoconsiderhowtoexpandoursentences.Thisunitfocusesonhowtowritelongersentencesbyexpandingthenounsinthesentences.

How?

attributesrelativeclauseAttributesIncompletesentences&wordorderRelativeclauseUnit53.AttributesDefinition:Wordsorphrasesusedtonarrowdownordecribenounsarecalledattributes.Functions:e.g.1.thecat2.thecatinthetree3.thefatandlazycatClassroomactivities:P58narrowdown/makeitspecificaddmoredetaileddescriptionsWhatcanbeusedasattributes?1.DeterminersDeterminersrefertowordsthatareusedtodefinethereferentialmeaningofanounoranominalphrase.

限定詞是在名詞詞組中對(duì)名詞中心詞起特指、類指以及表示確定數(shù)量和非確定數(shù)量等限定作用的詞類。包括：Articles:a,an,thePossessiveprons物主代詞：my,your,one'sGenitivenouns名詞屬格：John'sDemonstrativeprons指示代詞：this,those,suchIndefiniteprons不定代詞：some,any,each,either,all,both...Cardinal&ordinalnumeral基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞Quantifier量詞：alotof,agreatdealofWhatcanbeusedasattributes?2.Adjetives:(before&after)3.Nouns:thefeatureofthenoun(before)4.-ingforms:thefunction,feature,state(before&after)5.-edforms:(before&after)

Note:Sometimes,ifthereisonlyanadverbmodifyingthe-edform,wemayalsoputitbeforethenoun.Forexample:well-tailoredsuits6.Infinitives:refertoafutureaction(after)7.Prepositionalphrases:place&purpose(after)Exercises(p61)RelativeclausePage64:ClassroomactivitiesWhyuserelativeclauses?1.Toexpandsentences:tomakethenouneithermoreexactormorevivid;toputmoreinformation.

Page64:Exercise(3versions)2.Todirectreaders’attentiontoideasinthemainclause.Page64:ClassroomactivitiesGrammar：incompletesentencesAcompletesentenceshouldhaveatleastasubjectandapredicate.Anincompletesentenceisasentencewithsomepart/partsmissing.Sentencefragment（4types)PhrasefragmentFragmentwithoutasubjectFragmentwithoutanauxiliaryverbSubordinateclausefragmentWordorderofdeterminers3groupsofdeterminersaccordingtotheirrelativepositionspredeterminerscentraldeterminersPostdeterminers限冠形齡色國(guó)材predeterminers:all,both,half/double,twice…timescentraldeterminers:a,an,the(article);this,that,these,those(demonstrativepronouns)my,your,his,her…;(possessivepronouns）some,any,no（indefiniteprons.不定代詞）;every,each,either,neitherpostdeterminers:one,two,three;first,second,thirdmany,much,few,afew,little,alittle,fewer,less,more;fewest,least,most;alotof,lotsof,anumberof,anamountof,agreatdealof,suchHowtoplacemanymodifiers1)IadmireJenny’shair.(glossy,black,long)IadmireJenny’slongblackglossyhairsomuch.2)一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮茄克abeautifulnewblackItalianleatherjacket。3)Canadian，extraordinary，an，new,playanextraordinarynewCanadianplay4)(gold，British，the，round）cointheroundBritishgoldcoin5)（ugly，writing，the，steel，seven）desksthesevenuglysteelwritingdesks6)（purple，Russian，nice，long，her）coat

hernicelongpurpleRussiancoat限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高，形狀年齡和新老；顏色國(guó)籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠；(大小形狀和新老，顏色國(guó)際出（處）材料)

限定詞”包括：冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、或數(shù)詞.“描繪”性形容詞如：beautiful、bad、cold.材料”的詞如：wooden,woolen,stone,silk等“作用類別”的詞如：medical,college，writingdesk，policecar等。Absolutes(1)Hurtinthegame,Iwillnotbeabletogotoyourpartytonight.(2)Mybestfriendhurtinthegame,Iwillnotbeabletogotoyourpartytonight.b.(1)Mygrandmawassittinginherrocker,singinghappilyinthespringfragrance.(2)Mygrandmawassittinginherrocker,herradiosinginghappilyinthespringfragrance.

Theseparticipleshavealogicalsubjectdifferentfromthatofthesentence.Whatisabsoluteconstructionorabsolute?InEnglish,participlephrasesusedwiththeirownlogicalsubjectsarecalledabsolutes.a.Themanstoodinthestreetcorner,hishandsputinhispockets.b.Themanstoodinthestreetcorner,handsputinhispockets.c.Themanstoodinthestreetcorner,handsinhispockets.

Fromthisexample,wemaygetaconclusion,thatis,anabsoluteconstructionmayappearinthreeforms:1)n.+v-ing+otherpartsoftheparticiplephrase2)n.+v-ed+otherpartsoftheparticiplephrase3)n.+otherpartsoftheparticiplephraseNightenshroudingtheearth,nobodycouldmakeoutwhatthedarkmasswasfromadistance．黑夜籠罩大地，誰(shuí)也看不清遠(yuǎn)處黑壓壓的一片是什么東西。Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.

3.n+to-infinitive名詞(代詞)+不定式Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.

Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabor,eachtotranslateaquarterofthebook.

4.n.+adj.名詞(代詞)+形容詞TheTrojansasleep,theGreeksoldierscreptoutofthehollowwoodenhorse．Computersverysmall,wecanusethemwidely.5.n+adv.名詞(代詞)+副詞Themeetingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeetingroom.Thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.6.n.+n.名詞(代詞)+名詞Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.Hisfirstshotfailure，hefiredagain．7.n.+prepositionalphrase名詞(代詞)+介詞短語(yǔ)Everyafternoonaveryoldwomanhobbledpasttheoldhouse，avastloadoffirewoodonherback．Writing—précis

Whatisaprécis?Aprécisisaconcisesummaryofthemainpointsinapieceofwriting,sowhenwewriteprécis,weshouldwritedownallofthemainideaanddeleteanyunnecessaryinformation,suchasdescriptions,examples,etc.

Somecommontechniquestoreducedetailsinpréciswriting:(1)omitthedetailsYoumayleaveoutmostofthedescriptivedetailsifthatdoesnotimpairthegeneralidea.(2)reducetheexamplesIftheoriginalpassageprovidesfourorfiveexamplesforacertainidea,youmaymentiononeortwo,oryoumaymentiontheexamplesbutleaveoutthedetails.

(3)replacespecificwordswithgenericreferenceIfseveralspecificexamplesbelongtothesamecategory,youcanusuallyreplacethemwithonegenericword.Forexample:Forthedinner,sheboughttwobottlesofmilk,fourpacksoforangejuice,andthreebottlesofwine.

Sheboughtlotsofdrinksforthedinner.(4)simplifydescriptionYoudefinitelydon’tneeddetaileddescriptioninyourprécis.Inmanycase,youmayusegeneralwordstotelltheimpression.Forexample,iftherearemanysentencesdescribinghowbeautifulagardenis,youcanjustsay

Thegardenisverybeautiful.

(5)avoidrepetitionThewriteroftheoriginalpassagemaypurposelyrepeatanidea,butinwritingaprécis,youmaynotdothesame.(6)simplifywordysentencesRemoveunnecessarywordsintheoriginalpassage.Forexample,forasentencelikeHisactioninthefightmaywellbecalledlion-likewithoutexaggeration,youmaysimplywrite

Heisverybrave.

(7)shortentransitionsUseshorttransitionalwords,suchasbesides,