新概念英語第二冊(cè)Lesson-1-30講義

新概念英語第二冊(cè)1-30講義Lesson1Aprivateconversation★privateadj.私人的publicadj.公眾的，公開的①adj.私人的privatelife私生活privateschool私立學(xué)校It'smyprivateletter.（如果媽媽想看你的信）It'smyprivatehouse.（如果陌生人想進(jìn)你的房子）②adj.普通的privatesoldier大兵《PrivateRyan》（《拯救大兵瑞恩》）privacyn.隱私It’sprivacy.這是我的隱私!(不愿讓別人知道的)★conversationn.談話havea+talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip名詞變動(dòng)詞talk內(nèi)容可正式可不正式,也可以私人Let’shaveatalk.dialogue對(duì)話,可以指正式國家與國家會(huì)談ChinaandKoreaarehavingadialogue.chat閑聊，就是北京人說的“侃”，說的是無關(guān)緊要的事。gossip嚼舌頭,說長道短★theatren.劇場(chǎng),戲劇cineman.電影院

★seatn.座位haveagoodseat/place，這里的seat指place(指地點(diǎn))，而不是chair.takeaseat/takeyourseatBeijingtoWuhan?BeijingtoWuhan?,就坐Istheseattaken?這個(gè)位置有人嗎?請(qǐng)坐的3種說法:Sitdown,please.(命令性) Takeyourseat,please.Beseated,please.(更禮貌)★angryadj.生氣的angrilyadv.生氣的angry=crossIwasangry./Hewascross.annoyed:惱火的;beblueintheface臉上突然變色程Iwasannoyed.度Iwasangry/cross.加Iwasveryangry.深I(lǐng)amblueintheface.(臉色都青了,相當(dāng)生氣了)★attentionn.注意Attention,please.請(qǐng)注意(口語)payattentionto…對(duì)……注意Youmustpayattentiontothatgirl.payalittleattentionto稍加注意paymuchattentionto多加注意paymoreattentionto更多注意paynoattentionto不用注意paycloseattentionto特別注意★bear(bore,born)v.容忍1vt.承受，支撐，承擔(dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)Cantheicebearmyweight?Whowillbearthecost?誰來承擔(dān)這筆費(fèi)用？2vt.忍受（一般與can/could連用于疑問句及否定句中）Sheeatstoofast.Ican’tbeartowatch/watchingher.她吃得太快。我看著受不了。Howcanyoubearlivinginthisplace?你怎么能受得了住在這個(gè)地方？bear=stand=putupwith3.n.熊whitebear白熊bearhug:熱情(熱烈)的擁抱givesb.abearhug★business①n.生意businessman:生意人dobusiness:做生意gotosomeplaceonbusiness:因公出差I(lǐng)wenttoTianjinonbusiness.②n.某人自己的私人的事情Mindyourownbusiness.管好你自己的事情?！飌ay①vt.&vi.支付（價(jià)款等）Haveyoupaidthetaxi-driver?Ipaid50dollarsforthisskirt.（pay…forsth.花/支付……（錢）買……）②vt.&vi.給予（注意等）；去（訪問）Theydidnotpayanyattention.WepaidavisittoourteacherlastSunday.上星期天我們?nèi)グ菰L了老師。③n.工資，報(bào)酬Ihavenotreceivedmypayyet.我還沒有領(lǐng)到工資?！菊n文講解】1、LastweekIwenttothetheatre.gotothe+地點(diǎn)表示去某地干嘛gotothetheatre=gotothetheatretoseeaplay去劇場(chǎng)看戲gotothecinema=seeafilm去電影院看電影gotothedairy去牛奶店gotothe+人+'s表示去這個(gè)人開的店gotothedoctor's去看??；gotothebutcher's買肉以下短語中名詞前不加冠詞：gotoschool去上學(xué)；gotochurch去做禮拜；gotohospital(醫(yī)院)去看??；gotobed上床，睡覺；gohome（跟home相連一定表示沒有事情可做,回家休息）2、Ididnotenjoyit.enjoyvt.欣賞，享受，喜愛①enjoy+n.喜歡,從當(dāng)中得到一種享受（后面不能跟人）Ienjoythemusic.enjoythedinner/film/program/game②enjoyoneself/代詞玩的開心Wealwaysenjoyourselves.③enjoy+動(dòng)名詞Janedoesn’tenjoyswimming.Sheenjoysgoingtothetheatre.3.talkloudlyTalkloudly4.getangry變得生氣5.heartheactorshear+人:聽見某人的話Icouldnothearyou.Begyourpardon?Icouldn'thearaword./Icouldn'tcatchyourwords.Icouldn'thearyouclearly./Icouldn'tcatchyourwords.6.turnround=turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身Lookatthemanandthewomanangrily7.intheend最后，終于，表示一段較長的時(shí)間之后或某種努力之后Intheend,shehadtoaskherbrotherforhelp.8.It'snoneofyourbusiness.不關(guān)你的事。副詞構(gòu)詞法在形容詞末尾直接加ly例：slowslowlyruderudely以y結(jié)尾的形容詞,y變?yōu)閕再加ly例：angryangrilyhappyhappily以le結(jié)尾的形容詞,le變?yōu)閘y例：terribleterribly特殊變化例：goodwell本身具有兩種詞性的詞，既是形容詞又是副詞。例：early，late，hard以結(jié)尾的詞不是副詞，卻是形容詞。例lovely，friendly，weekly【Keystructures】簡(jiǎn)單陳述句的語序陳述句一定是有主語,有動(dòng)詞,有賓語,有句號(hào)6123456when?Who?ActionWho?How?Where?When?Which?Which?What?What?1主語，一般由名詞、代詞或名詞短語構(gòu)成，通常位于動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞必須與主語一致，即主語決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式2謂語，由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)3賓語，一般為名詞、代詞或名詞短語4副詞或介詞短語,對(duì)方式或狀態(tài)提問,往往做狀語Ilikeherverymuch5地點(diǎn)狀語，一般在方式副詞之后，時(shí)間副詞之前6時(shí)間狀語，可以放在句首或句末簡(jiǎn)單陳述句一定不能少的是主語,謂語.如果問何時(shí)何地,是一個(gè)固定搭配whenandwhereLesson2Breakfastorlunch?★untilprep.直到until+時(shí)間點(diǎn)until+從句I’llwaithereuntil5.我會(huì)在這里等到5點(diǎn)鐘。Hisfatherwasaliveuntilhecameback.直到他回來為止,他爸爸都是活著的.在否定句中，它通常與描述短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞連用，表示“到……為止”、“直到……才”：until（后的從句）的時(shí)間終止之前,這個(gè)動(dòng)作做了還是沒做？做了前面的主句用肯定；沒做前面的主句用否定Forhe___A(C)___(wait)untilitstoppedraining.A.waitedB.didn'twaitA.leaveB.leftC.didn'tleaveIstayinbeduntiltwelveo'clock.Ididn'tgetupuntil12o'clock.★ring(rang.rung)v.(鈴、電話等)響①vt.鳴，(鈴、電話等)響(這種響是刺耳的,往往是提醒人做某事)Everymorningtheclockringsat6.Thetelephone(doorbell)isringing.而風(fēng)鈴等響要用jingle，jingle(bell)(鈴兒)響叮當(dāng)②vt.打電話給（美語中用call）ringsb.給某人打電話TomorrowI'llringyou.③n.（打）電話givesb.aringRemembertogivemearing./Remembertoringme.④n.戒指★auntn.姑,姨,嬸,舅媽(所有長一輩的女性都用這個(gè)稱呼)男性則是uncle:叔叔他們的孩子：cousin堂兄妹(不分男女)cousin的孩子：nephew外甥；niece外甥女★repeatv.重復(fù)①vt.重復(fù)Willyourepeatthelastword?②vi.重做，重說Pleaserepeatafterme.【課文講解】1.onSundays:所有的星期天,每逢星期天,與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，表示經(jīng)常性的行為。介詞on一般用于表示某一天的時(shí)間短語中：onMonday，onMondaymorning，onthatday當(dāng)使用last，next，this，that時(shí)，介詞（以及定冠詞）必須省略。2.getupearly/late3.untillunchtime4.stay/remaininbed臥床5.lookoutofthewindow6.Whataday!7.justthen:就在那時(shí)=atthatmoment8.如果不知道對(duì)方性別,他/她可以用it取代Whoisit?9.bytrain,by直接加交通工具(不能有任何修飾詞,復(fù)數(shù))；如果加修飾詞,就要換掉by用in或on如果是特指的交通工具，則要加冠詞或其他限定詞：Myauntleftbythe9:15train.byair乘飛機(jī) bybicycle騎自行車bycar乘小汽車 byland由陸路bysea由海路10..I'mcomingtoseeyou.我將要來看你.用come的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)becoming表示一般將來，表示近期按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。同樣用法的動(dòng)詞有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join…11.Dearme!天哪!英國人說Dearme!或Mydear!美國人說:Mygod!【Keystructures】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話的當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生或正在發(fā)生的事件,也用來表示現(xiàn)階段(一段時(shí)間)的動(dòng)向?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與now，just，still等副詞連用：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,真理,是過去、現(xiàn)在和未來都會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般與頻率副詞often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever等連用。HelenneverwritestoherbrotherTony.Shesometimesringshim.頻率副詞往往放在句子中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前,非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后；如果既有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又有非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,要放在兩個(gè)之間；疑問句中副詞往往放在主語后面。非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞:①系動(dòng)詞(be)②幫助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞(do,does,will,shall,have,had,has)③情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(must,can,may)除此之外都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞.Ifrequentlygotobedhungry.（形容詞作狀語）Hewenttoschoolhungry.餓著肚子上學(xué).Youmustcomeherehungry.空腹來這里.【SpecialDifficulties】以what開頭的感嘆句：在英語中可用what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句來表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅等感情，在感嘆中主謂語采用正常語序。What對(duì)名詞感嘆，感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：What+a/an(+adj.)+n.(+主語+謂語)!Whatagoodgirl(sheis)!（主、謂可?。┯猩舷挛暮鸵欢ǖ恼Z境,才能省略形容詞。一般省略形容詞表示批評(píng)或不大好的意思。Whatathingtosay!多么難聽的話?。hat(alotof)trouble(heiscausing)!Lesson3PleaseSendMeaCard★sendv.寄,送sendaletter寄信sendsth.tosb./sendsb.sth.給某人送（寄）什么東西send/takechildrentoschool：take強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自送；send則是通過第三人去送,takeflowerstohiswife自己送sendflowerstohiswife叫店里的人送★postcardn.明信片namecard/visitingcard名片Hereismynamecard.(口語常用,同時(shí)伴隨著遞出的動(dòng)作)IDcard身份證（ID身份）creditcard信用卡cashcard現(xiàn)金卡,儲(chǔ)蓄卡,工資卡(不能透支的那種)★spoil(spoiled，spoilt)v.使索然無味,損壞①vt.弄壞，損壞，糟蹋Thesadnewsspoiledourweekend.這不幸的消息使我們沒能過好周末。②vt.寵壞，慣壞，溺愛Don’tspoilyourchildren.不能太慣孩子。Hisparentsspoiledtheboy.spoil:把東西的質(zhì)量變得不好;生活中不順心的事,spoil主要指精神上的break:打破;breakthewindows打破玻璃damage:破壞,程度不一定很重destroy:破壞,徹底摧毀★publicadj.公共的①adj.公共的，公眾的，社會(huì)的Thereisapubliclibraryinthistown.IalwayssitinpublicgardensonSundays.②adj.公開的，眾人皆知的Theirsecretmeetingwasmadepublic20yearslater.他們的秘密會(huì)晤20年以后才被公開。publichouse（酒吧）簡(jiǎn)稱pubpublicplace公共場(chǎng)所inpublic公開的；inprivate私下里的Let’shaveaconversationinprivate.讓我們私下談?wù)?Whynothaveaconversationinpublic?為什么不公開談呢?(當(dāng)面說呢?)③n.公眾，群眾，大眾ThemuseumisopentothepubliconSunday.★friendlyadj.友好的作為狀語表示這個(gè)人做什么事情很友好,用短語inafriendlywayHeisnotveryfriendlytoJohn.Healwaysgreetsmeinafriendlyway.★waitern.服務(wù)員,招待員waiter(男服務(wù)員),waitress(女服務(wù)員),只出現(xiàn)在餐館里chiefwaiter領(lǐng)班shopassistant商店里的店員attendantn.（其他公共場(chǎng)所的）服務(wù)員★lendv.借給lendsth.tosb/lendsb.sth.Canyoulendme$20please?I’llpay/giveitbacktomorrow.borrowsth.fromsb./borrowsth.（borrow不能用borrowsbsth.）borrowone’ssthHeborrowedmypenyesterday.Hehasn’tgivenmeityet.★decisionn.決定makeabigdecision作出決定decidev.決定★wholeadj.整個(gè)的awholebottleofmilk一整瓶牛奶thewhole…，thewholeday整天，twowholeweeks整整兩星期allthe…，allday(the可省略)整天allof后面如果加代詞,代詞前面不需要修飾詞；一旦要加名詞,前面一定要加theallofus；allofthestudents★single1.adj.唯一的,單一的反義詞:double雙倍的2.單身的，未婚的=unmarried【課文講解】spoilmyholidayvisitmuseumssitinpublicgardens4.teachsb.sth.教某人做某事HeteachesusEnglish.(對(duì))5.語言不可數(shù),所以要用alittleItalian或afewwordsofItalianafewquestions.一些問題。6.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.thinkabout/of考慮,思考，指某一段時(shí)間一直在想/考慮某事thinkof還可指想到Whatdoyouthinkof?WhatdoyouthinkofTVprogramlastnight?Whatdoyouthinkoftheweathertoday?你覺得天氣怎么樣?thinkover仔細(xì)考慮，反復(fù)思考7.onthelastday8、spendthewholedayinmyroomspend還可以表示“花錢”spendmoneyonsthIcan’tspendanymoreonthiscar.spendmoneyindoingsth9.didnotwriteasinglecard一張卡片也沒有寫，notasingle起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用【SpecialDifficulties】直接賓語與間接賓語雙賓語：直接賓語(表示動(dòng)作結(jié)果，動(dòng)作所涉及的事物)和間接賓語(動(dòng)作目標(biāo)，動(dòng)作是誰做的或?yàn)檎l做的，通常是人)。間接賓語大多數(shù)情況下置于直接賓語之前，如果間接賓語在后，間接賓主前必須加“to”（表示動(dòng)作對(duì)什么人做）或“for”（表示動(dòng)作為什么人而做）。givesb.sth./givesthtosb間接賓語在后面時(shí),其前必須加to(對(duì)……而言)或for(為……而做)?？梢苑g為“給”、“替”、“為”的，就用for；如果只能翻譯為“給”的,就用to與to相連的give,take,pass,read,sell,buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owetakeflowerstomywife.與for相連的buy,order,make,findIbuyabookforyou.makeacakeforyoufindsth.forsb.dosb.afavor幫某人一個(gè)忙Domeafavorplease./Doafavorforme?幫我一個(gè)忙Idosomethingforyou.CanIordersomethingforyou?CanIbuyyouabottleofbeer?意為我請(qǐng)你喝杯酒的意思Lesson4Anexcitingtrip★receivev.接受,收到receive/havealetterfromsb.accept同意接收take則是主動(dòng)的“拿”、“取”Ireceivedabeautifulpenfrommyuncle.Mybrothertookitfrommeyesterday.taketheexam接受考試；takeadvice接受建議★firmn.商行,公司companyn.公司★differentadj.不同的（經(jīng)常與from連用）bedifferentfrom…Myroomisdifferentfromyours.★abroadadv.在國外（副詞,直接和動(dòng)詞連用）goabroad去國外liveabroad國外定居studyabroad國外學(xué)習(xí)【課文講解】1、Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother,Tim.同位語：一個(gè)名詞（或短語等）與另一個(gè)名詞（或短語）并列而作為其說明或限定成分時(shí)稱為同位語。同位語與它所補(bǔ)充說明的成分之間用逗號(hào)隔開。在譯成漢語時(shí)，同位語或者插入主句中，或者另譯為一句，很少像英語中那樣用逗號(hào)隔開。ThisisJohn,oneofmybestfriends.這位是約翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。Mrs.Smith,myneighbore,hasneverbeenabroad.我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來沒有出過國。2、Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths.IhavearrivedinBeijing.（arrive是瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和段時(shí)間連用）hasbeen+in地點(diǎn)在某地呆過一段時(shí)間HehasbeeninBeijingforoneyear.3、HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.workfor在……上班/任職，強(qiáng)調(diào)workIamworkingforaschool.workin強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)（在哪個(gè)地方上班）IamworkingintheNewOrientalschool.workat上班Sheworksatadepartmentstore.anumberof后面一定要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；通常number前有g(shù)reat，large，good，small，certain等形容詞，數(shù)量大小也隨之改變。agreatnumberof類似于,約等于alotof；Alarge/greatnumberofourstudentsareDanish.Thereareasmallnumberofspellingmistakesinyourhomework.alotof可加可數(shù)名詞也可加不可數(shù)名詞IhavealotoffriendsIhaveagreatnumberoffriends.4、HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAlicesprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.hasgoneto去了某地沒回來hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過某地,現(xiàn)在不在那個(gè)地方HaveyoubeentoParis?5、Fromthere,hewillflytoPerth.fromthere:從那地方起fromBeijingtoTianjingflytoPerth=gotoPerthbyair6、Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore,soheisfendingthistripveryexciting.find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”、“發(fā)覺”講時(shí)賓語往往帶補(bǔ)足語（一般為形容詞），說明賓語的狀況、性質(zhì)等。find+賓語+形容詞做賓補(bǔ)findtheroomcleanfindherhappy7，下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)：believe，doubt，see，hear，know，understand，belong，think，consider，feel，look，seem，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，possess，care，like，hate，love，detest，desire【Keystructures】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)存的結(jié)果，或者過去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞和副詞短語：before(now)（以前）；sofor（到目前為止），uptonow（直到現(xiàn)在），just（剛剛），already（已經(jīng)），lately（最近），now（現(xiàn)在），for一段時(shí)間；疑問句和否定句中常用ever，yet，never，not…ever等。動(dòng)詞歸納：receivereceivedreceivediswasbeenvisitvisitedvisitedbuyboughtboughtgowentgoneleaveleftlefthavehadhadwritewrotewrittenturnturnedturnedmakemademadewashwashedwashedcombcombedcombedsweepsweptsweptreadreadreadseesawseentaketooktakendoddiddonefinishfinishedfinishedLesson5Nowrongnumbers★pigeonn.鴿子It'snotmypigeon.＝Noneofmybusiness.不關(guān)我的事?！飉essagen.（口頭或書面的）信息Hereisamessageforyoufromyoursister.anoral/writtenmessage口信/便條leavesb.amessage給……留便條takeamessageforsb.替某人捎口信Canyoutakeamessageforme?你能替我捎個(gè)口信嗎?takeamessagetosb.給某人口信informationn.信息（不可數(shù)）messengern.送信人，信使★coverv.越過；覆蓋①vt.蓋，覆蓋coversthwithsthShecoveredthechildwithacoat.她給孩子蓋了件外衣。②vt.行過（一段距離），走過（通常不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)）cover+距離越過……Youcancoverthedistancetothemuseumintenminutes.③n.覆蓋物，蓋子，罩子，套子Putacoveronthebox!★distancen.距離keepdistance保持距離What’sthedistancebetweenBeijingandWuhan?What’sthedistancefromBeijingtoWuhan?HowfarisitfromBeijingtoWuhan?distantadj.遠(yuǎn)距離的importancen.重要importantadj.重要的differencen.不同differentadj.不同的★requestn.要求,請(qǐng)求①n.requestfor對(duì)……有請(qǐng)求,有需求Ihavearequestforthecake.②v.要求,請(qǐng)求requestsb.todosth.＝asksb.todosth.要求某人做……★spareadj.備用的①vt.抽出（時(shí)間等），讓給Icannotsparethetime.②vt.饒恕，赦免‘Shareme!’beggedtheprisoner.③adj.多余的，空閑的，剩下的，備用的Youcansleepinthesparebedroom.Ihavenosparetimenow.★servicen.業(yè)務(wù),服務(wù)themailservice（郵政業(yè)務(wù)）、thetelephoneservice（電話業(yè)務(wù)）atravelservice（旅行社）、anewsservice（通訊社）。Atyourservice.=Gladtobeatyourservice.=Iamgladtobeatyourservice.我很樂意為您效勞.servev.服務(wù),接待【課文講解】1、Mr.JamesScotthasagarageinSilburyandnowhehasjustboughtanothergarageinPinhurst.another(+單數(shù)名詞)其它的很多個(gè)中的一個(gè)，Canyoushowmeanotherdress?other(+名詞)adj.其它的(可加單/復(fù)數(shù)名詞)theother兩個(gè)之中的另外一個(gè)one…theother…一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……Oneiswateringtheflowers,andtheotherisreading.others(不用再加名詞)=other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)some…others…Someboysareplayingfootball,andothersarerowing/(goingboating).2、PinhurstisonlyfivemilesfromSilbury,butMr.Scottcannotgetatelephoneforhisnewgarage,sohehasjustboughttwelvepigeons.介詞from在這里表示距離上相隔，作“距……”、“離……”講，常與away連用Myhomeistenmilesawayfromhere.Myhomeistenmilesfromhere.getatelephone得到電話,安裝電話3、Yesterday,apigeoncarriedthefirstmessagefromPinhursttoSilbury.carryv.帶著,攜帶（其強(qiáng)調(diào)所攜帶的東西不會(huì)著地）carrythefirstmessagefrom…to…表示從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方Helookedatthegirlfromheadtofoot.Thenewsspreadfromhousetohouse.家家戶戶都得知了這條消息。4、Thebirdcoveredthedistanceinthreeminutes.coverthedistance飛過那段距離5、Uptonow,Mr.Scotthassentagreatmanyrequestsforsparepartsandotherurgentmessagesfromonegaragetotheother.uptonow=uptillnow到目前為止，到現(xiàn)在為止(作時(shí)間狀語，時(shí)態(tài)多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，相當(dāng)于until/tillnow)Uptonow,hehasnotbeenveryhard-working.agreatmanyrequestsagreatmany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))許多……agreatnumberof(+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))許多……6,inthiswayinthewayintheway+從句按照，以……方式inaway從某種意義上來說，在某種程度上inafriendlyway用友好的方式inthefamilyway懷孕了,快有小孩了(haveababy)outoftheway讓路onthewaytobytheway【Keystructures】一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作時(shí)，要用一般過去時(shí)。在表示剛剛或者已經(jīng)完成一個(gè)動(dòng)作并且對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響時(shí)，則要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語可以是不特指的now，just或者for引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間，或者不加任何時(shí)間狀語。一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的共同點(diǎn)：動(dòng)作在過去都做過了；區(qū)別：過去式只能強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事,和現(xiàn)在沒有任何關(guān)系.Iateapieceofbread.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響.Ihaveeatenapieceofbreadthismorning.I'mnothungry.Theclockstopped.陳述事實(shí)Theclockhasstopped.過去的事實(shí)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響Itsnowedyesterday.Ithassnowedyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響Lesson6PercyButtons★beggarn.乞丐begv.乞求Ibegyourpardon?begfor乞求得到askfor請(qǐng)求得到（asksb.forsth.向某人索要某物）★pocketn.衣服口袋pocketbook袖珍書；pocketdictionary袖珍詞典pocketpick車上的小偷pocketmoney(小孩的)零花錢change零錢getexactchange準(zhǔn)備好正確的零花錢beermoney(男人的)零花錢★callv.拜訪,光顧①vt.&vi.叫，喊Iheardsomeonecalling.callout=shout大聲喊②vt.呼喚，召喚Lucyissick.Pleasecalladoctor.③vi.訪問，拜訪；（車、船等）?？縞allonsb.拜訪某人Iwillcallonyou.我要去你家。callat+地點(diǎn)＝visitsomeplace拜訪某地Iwillcallatyourhome.我要去你家。④vt.&vi.打電話callsb=callupsb.給某人打電話callback回某人電話callinsb.招集和邀請(qǐng)某人Fortheproject,thegovernmentcalledinalotofexperts.【課文講解】1、Yesterdayabeggarknockedatmydoor.★knockv.敲門①vi.敲門knockatthedoor；knockatthewindow②vt.&vi.碰撞Youalwaysknockthingsoffthetable.你總是碰掉桌上的東西。Jimwasknockedoverbyabusthismorning.今天上午吉姆被一輛公共汽車撞倒了。Shehasknockedacupoveragain.她又碰倒了一個(gè)杯子。③vt.把（某人）打成……狀態(tài)HeknockedTomoutyesterday.他昨天把湯姆打昏過去了。④與off連用時(shí)有一些特殊含義，一般用于口語vt.（價(jià)格上）減去，除去，打折扣Theyknockedfivedollarsoffthepriceofthecoat.Theshopassistantknocked10%offthebill.（Hereducedthepriceby10%.）vi.下班，停止，中斷（工作等）Heknockedoffforlunchathalfpasteleven.他十一點(diǎn)半休息吃中午飯。2、Heaskedmeforamealandaglassofbeer.ask(sb.)forsth=requestforsth.問某人要什么東西（for為了這個(gè)目的去請(qǐng)求某人,sb.更多的時(shí)候不出現(xiàn),askforsth.）Theboyasked(hisparents)formoneyagain/oncemore.aglassofbeerapieceofcheese3、Inreturnforthis,thebeggarstoodonhisheadandsangsongs.inreturnforthis作為對(duì)……的回報(bào)，作為交換（this在代詞當(dāng)中常常指代上文的一件事情）I'llbuyapresentforhiminreturnforhospitality.（hospitalityadj.熱情）Hedoesn'twantanythinginreturn.他不想得到任何回報(bào)standonone’shead倒立standonone'shands用手著地(hand單數(shù)就是一只手,雙手復(fù)數(shù))standonone'sknees跪著,膝蓋lieonone'sback仰面躺著lieonone'sside側(cè)躺lieonone'sstomach趴著4、Lateraneighbourtoldmeabouthim.tellsb.aboutsth.告訴某人某事（about關(guān)于,通過其他事自己得出的結(jié)論）tellsb.sth.告訴某人某件事(把事情直接告訴)tellsb.todosth.告訴某人去做某事tellastory/lie/joke6、Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.callateveryhouse光顧，拜訪每家每戶inthestreet（英國）/onthestreet（美國）onceamonth一個(gè)月一次,單位表達(dá)方式movetoanewhousegoawayLesson7Toolate★detectiven.偵探detectivestory偵探小說★airportn.機(jī)場(chǎng)attheairport在機(jī)場(chǎng)★airfieldn.飛機(jī)起落的場(chǎng)地，停機(jī)坪ontheairfield在停機(jī)坪上★expectv.期待,等待expectsth.IexpectaletterfromJimmy.expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事Iexpectyoutowriteback.Iexpectmymothertocomeback.waitforsth./sb.動(dòng)作上的等待Iwaitformymother.Iexpectso./Ithinkso.我希望如此［口語］Iexpectyou’veheardthenews.我想你已經(jīng)聽到這個(gè)消息了?！飗aluableadj.貴重的★preciousadj.珍貴的valuen.&v.價(jià)值；valuableadj.有價(jià)值的sth.isvaluable/sth.ispreciouspreciousadj.珍貴的（帶有一定的感情色彩）preciousphoto珍貴的照片-less表否定;pricelessadj.沒有價(jià)格的,無價(jià)的valuelessadj.沒有價(jià)值,不足道的worthlessadj.無價(jià)值的★diamondn.鉆石diamondring鉆石戒指preciousstone寶石；crystal水晶；jade玉★steal（stole，stolen）v.偷①vt.&vi.偷盜，行竊英語中“偷”用steal和rob來表達(dá)，賓語是物，用steal；賓語是人，用rob；跟地點(diǎn)相連，也用robstealsth.偷(某物)Mywalletwasstolen.robsb.搶(某人)Iwasrobbed.robthebank②vt.巧妙地占用，偷偷地弄到手HehasstolenawayMary’sheart.他已贏得瑪麗的芳心。★mainadj.主要的mainbuilding；mainstreet；mainsentence；mainidea★guardn.警戒,守衛(wèi)lifeguard救生員standguard站崗，放哨bodyguard保鏢keepguardat/oversth.守望，警戒Theykeptacloseguardoverthethieves.他們對(duì)小偷們嚴(yán)加看管?！菊n文講解】1、Theplanewaslateanddetectiveswerewaitingattheairportallmorning.all一般直接加表示時(shí)間的單數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成副詞短語，如：allday，allnight，allweek，allwinter，allyear等。但不說allhour。whole在表達(dá)同樣的意思時(shí)一般要加冠詞或數(shù)詞，如awholeday/year，twowholeweeks。2、TheywereexpectingavaluableparcelofdiamondsfromSouthAfrica.avaluableparcelofdiamonds3,afewhoursearlier幾個(gè)小時(shí)以前=afewhoursbefore/afewhoursago4、Whentheplanearrived,someofthedetectiveswerewaitinginsidethemainbuildingwhileotherswerewaitingontheairfield.one…theother…一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……some…others…一些……另一些……Somestudentsareveryhard-working,othersarenot.others=other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)waitinsidethemainbuildingwaitontheairfieldTwomentooktheparcelofftheplaneandcarrieditintotheCustomsHouse.taketheparcelofftheplanetakesth.off…=takesth.awayfrom…carryitintotheCustomsHouseandcarrieditinto…carried表示看得很重CustomsHouse海關(guān)6、Whiletwodetectiveswerekeepingguardatthedoor,twoothersopenedtheparcel.Totheirsurprise,thepreciousparcelwasfullofstonesandsand!keepguardatthedoortoone'ssurprise,讓某人驚訝的是Tomysurprise,theteacherwaslate.toone'sjoyTomyjoy,mymothercamehereyesterday.toone'sexcitementToourexcitement,ourteamwins.befullof...裝滿【Keystructures】過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：be的過去式+現(xiàn)在分詞過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)經(jīng)常同在一個(gè)句子里使用。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或情況，一般過去時(shí)則表示比較短暫的動(dòng)作或事件。正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作或情況往往由連詞when，while，as，justas等引導(dǎo)。when，while當(dāng)……時(shí)候（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）while+從句,動(dòng)詞一定是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞when+延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞/瞬間動(dòng)詞=【SpecialDifficulties】短語動(dòng)詞中的小品詞許多動(dòng)詞加上介詞或副詞后就會(huì)改變?cè)~義，這些介詞和副詞通常被稱為小品詞。它們沒有詞形的變化。有些小品詞既可以作介詞又可以作副詞。判斷一個(gè)小品詞是副詞還是介詞要看小品詞有沒有帶賓語。有賓語的是介詞，沒有賓語的是副詞，介詞的位置相對(duì)固定，不能變動(dòng)。①vi.&vt.+prep./adv.+賓語(n.)Sheiswalkingupthehill.②vt.+賓語(n./pron.)+adv.takeoffthecoat=takethecoatoff=takeitoffputonyourshoes=putyourshoeson=putthemonLesson8Thebestandtheworst★competitionn.比賽，競(jìng)賽（暗地里的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）racen.比賽，競(jìng)賽carracematchn.比賽footballmatchcontestn.比賽（更廣泛）babycontest寶寶大賽；beautycontest選美game:游戲,運(yùn)動(dòng)★neatadj.整齊的,整潔的，井井有條cleanadj.干凈的neat=tidy<adj.>tidyv.tidytheroom整理房間★pooln.水池(人工的)swimmingpool游泳池pond池塘（天然的）【課文講解】1、JoeSandershasthemostbeautifulgardeninourtown.Joe'sgardenisthemostbeautiful.2、Nearlyeverybodyentersfor'TheNicestGardenCompetition'eachyear,butJoewinseverytime.nearly和almost意義相似，表示“幾乎”、“差不多”、“差點(diǎn)兒”的意思。enterfor報(bào)名參加（各種競(jìng)賽，考試等活動(dòng)）win（won，won）v.贏vi.贏Iwin.Ilose.(輸了)②vt.贏得……winsomething后面往往是獎(jiǎng)品,不能接對(duì)手Iwinthebook.Iwinthegoldcup.winthefistprizewinaprizefor…因?yàn)椤@獎(jiǎng)beat+競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手beatsbin…3、BillFrith'sgardenislargerthanJoe's.名詞加-’s表示所屬關(guān)系，構(gòu)成名詞的所有格。這類名詞往往指有生命的東西，特別是人。所有格的語法作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，限定后面的名詞。這個(gè)被限定的名詞在上下文中第二次被提到時(shí)可以省略，只要不引起誤解。Hehasmadeneatpathsandhasbuiltawoodenbridgeoverapool.makeneatpathsbuildawoodenbridgemake和build在這里是同義詞，“修建，建造”。make的詞義比較籠統(tǒng)、廣泛，可解釋為“做、作出、制造”等，而build主要限于建筑業(yè)，指“建造，建設(shè)，蓋房子，修筑（橋梁）等”Haveyoumadetheskirtbyyourself?Theyhavemadearoadalongtheriver.Lesson9Acoldwelcome★welcomen.歡迎；v.歡迎①n.歡迎acoldwelcome冷遇②v.歡迎welcometo+地點(diǎn)welcometoChina；welcometomyhome；welcomehome；welcomeback③adj.受歡迎的Youarewelcome.Youarewelcometo+地點(diǎn)★crowdn.人群①n.人群inthecrowd在人群中Ispottedhiminthecrowd.我在人群中一眼就認(rèn)出了他acrowdofpeople一群人，沒有次序的人群,擁擠的人群agroupofpeople一群人，有次序的人群alargecrowdofpeople一大群人crowdsofpeople許多人,人山人海②v.擁擠,擠滿becrowdedwithTheclassroomiscrowdedwithchildren.★handn.(表或機(jī)器的)指針；手minutehand；secondhand；hourhandsecondhand二手的，舊的;秒針★refusev.拒絕refusesthSherefusedthegift.refusetodosthJohnrefusedtochangehismind.約翰拒不改變主意?！飐houtv.喊叫callout大聲喊叫cryout大聲哭喊scream尖叫【課文講解】1、Acoldwelcome冷遇coldadj.冷的,寒冷的,冷淡的coldfish冷漠的人Mybrotherisacoldfish.luckydog幸運(yùn)的人Whatdoes"acoldwelcome"referto?（referto指……）2、OnWednesdayevening,wewenttotheTownHall.morning，afternoon，evening前如果加修飾詞則用介詞on，否則用inonWednesdayevening3、ItwasthelastdayoftheyearandalargecrowdofpeoplehadgatheredundertheTownHallclock.thelastdayoftheyear一年中的最后一天gatherundertheTownHallclock在市政大廳聚集（自發(fā)地聚集）4、Itwouldstriketwelveintwentyminutes'time.★strikev.打，擊；敲，彈（鐘，樂器等）①v.打，擊Shestruckthemanintheface.②v.敲，彈（鐘，樂器等）striketheclock（人）敲鐘clockstrike鐘自己響Listen,theclockisstriking.striketwelve數(shù)字表示敲擊的次數(shù)minutes'名詞所有格，用來表達(dá)時(shí)間名詞所有格表示時(shí)間或距離Itwillleaveinfiveminutes'time.intwenty(minutes'time)名詞所有格可省略anhour'stimeHowfaristheschoolfromhere?3minutes'walk.三分鐘路程。5、Fifteenminutespassedandthen,atfivetotwelve,theclockstopped.…minutespass…幾點(diǎn)過幾分（前半小時(shí)，pass過了）25minutespassedeight…minutesto…幾點(diǎn)過幾分（后半小時(shí)，to還沒到）aquartertonine/15minutestonine時(shí)刻指點(diǎn)時(shí)間,時(shí)間指段時(shí)間。時(shí)刻前的介詞用at…(sometime)passedandthen,sth.happened……時(shí)間過去了，……Anhourpassedandthen,hearrived.一個(gè)小時(shí)過去了，他終于來了?！璵inuteslater幾分鐘以后6、Wewaitedandwaited,butnothinghappened.waitedandwaited等啊等啊,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的重復(fù)（walkedandwalked；runandrun）happenvi.事情做主語,事情發(fā)生Whathappened?Nothinghappened.7、Itwastrue.Itwastruethat+從句……是一個(gè)事實(shí)8、ThebigclockrefusedtowelcometheNewYear.refusetodosth.拒絕去做某事Irefusetoleave.我拒絕離開Irefusetomove.我拒絕移動(dòng)9、Atthatmoment,everybodybegantolaughandsing.atthatmoment=justthen就在那時(shí)atthemoment=now現(xiàn)在,此刻,在此時(shí)【Keystructures】引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的介詞in/on/at/during/till與until1、用in的時(shí)間短語有：①表示一天中的某段時(shí)間：inthemorning；intheafternoon；intheevening②表示周、月份、年份：inaweek；inJanuary；inFeb；in1992③表示季節(jié)：insummer；inspring；inautumn；inwinterin+表示時(shí)間長度的短語可以表示“在某段時(shí)間之內(nèi)”，這時(shí)可以與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)連用，一般與完成某動(dòng)作有關(guān)；還可譯為“……時(shí)間之后”，一般與將來時(shí)連用。根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)判別in表示的含義intwentyminutes'time20分鐘之后Wewillfinishclassinhalfanhour.2、用on的時(shí)間短語有：①表示星期：onMonday；onFriday②表示日期：onJune1st；on23rdMarch（在書寫日期時(shí)沒有冠詞，但在口語中則分別讀為：onJunethefirst；onthe23rdofMarch）③表示星期+日期：onMonday,June1st④表示具體時(shí)間：onWednesdayevening；onfineafternoon；onthatday3、用at的時(shí)間短語有：①表示確切的時(shí)間：atfivetotwelve；atteno'clock②表示用餐時(shí)間：atlunch/dinnertime；atteatime③表示其他時(shí)刻：atnight；atnoon；atmidnight；atthattime4、during在……期間，后必須跟一個(gè)名詞，可以指整個(gè)一段時(shí)間，有時(shí)可以用in替代Hehasphonedfourtimesduringthelasthalfhour.Imethimsometimeduringtheweek.（不能用in代替）我是在這一周的某天遇到他的。duringtheholiday強(qiáng)調(diào)假期的從頭到尾Heenjoyedhimselfduringhisholiday.intheholiday強(qiáng)調(diào)這段時(shí)間其中某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,并不表示自始至終Iwascaughtinanaccidentintheholiday.5、from…till…指一段明確的時(shí)間：ThetouristseasonrunsfromJunetillOctober.6、untilprep.&coin.直到……時(shí)候，直到什么時(shí)候?yàn)橹?直到什么時(shí)候才until主句和從句兩個(gè)都用一般過去時(shí)對(duì)(最習(xí)慣的一種用法),主句和從句任何一個(gè)用過去完成是也對(duì)Ican'tenterforthesportsmeetinguntiltomorrow.Ihadnotunderstoodtheproblemuntilheexplainedit.Wehadn'tdisturbedhimuntilhefinishedwork.Wedidn'tdisturbhimuntilhehadfinishedwork.Wedidn'tdisturbhimuntilhefinishedwork.(更習(xí)慣于這種用法)7、from…to…EverydaywehaveEnglishclassfrom8:30to11:30關(guān)于時(shí)間表示方法:What’sthetime?/Whattimeisit?A整點(diǎn):Ao’clockA點(diǎn)B分（B<30）:AB/BpastAA點(diǎn)15分:Afifteen/fifteenpastA/aquarterpastAA點(diǎn)30分:Athirty/halfpastAA點(diǎn)B分(B>30):AB/(60-B)to(A+1)A點(diǎn)45分:Aforty-five/aquarterto(A+1)/fifteento(A+1)

【SpecialDifficulties】Any，Not...AnyandNoany用于否定句和疑問句中,some用于肯定句(或要求得到肯定回答的疑問句)Doyouhaveanyfriends?Idon'thaveanyfriends.not用在非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后面,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前面.notany=no<adj.>用在名詞前面，no比notany的語氣要強(qiáng)，但這兩種否定的意義是相同的。Ihavenofriends.no可構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞nobody，none，nothing，nowhere；any可構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞anybody，anything和anywhere。在一個(gè)句子中通常只能有一個(gè)否定詞（包括never，hardly等詞）【Multiplechoicequestions】4

Thepeople___a___undertheTownHallclock.a.were b.was c.is d.bepeople:人們,做主語一定是復(fù)數(shù)police，cattle是集合名詞，用復(fù)數(shù)8

Howmanytimesdidtheclock___d___?a.hit b.beat c.knock d.strike敲門用knock；敲鐘用strikehit（輕）和strike（重hithard)在一定的時(shí)候可以互換,一般表示打一下beatv.連續(xù)