新教材高中英語UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage課件新人教版選擇性

UNIT

1

SCIENCE

AND

SCIENTISTSSection

Ⅱ

Learning

About

Language（表語從句）1.（教材P2）Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.2.（教材P5）Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwaswhathappenedattheinitialstageofourgroup’sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.3.（教材P5）WhatSnowwasdeterminedtofindoutwaswhythe1854outbreakofcholerainLondoncouldhavecausedover500deathswithintendays.4.（教材P5）Werealisedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnotwhataspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butratherhowwecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingiseffect!觀察并歸納：1.所有例句中的黑體部分都位于__________后，作表語，故都是_________，這些表語從句在詞性上相當(dāng)于一個______。系動詞be表語從句名詞2.句（1）由從屬連詞______引導(dǎo)；句（2）由連接代詞______引導(dǎo)；句（3）由連接副詞_____引導(dǎo)；句（4）由連接代詞_____引導(dǎo)。thatwhatwhywhat表語從句放在系動詞（也稱連系動詞）之后，充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語。表語從句就是指一個句子作為表語，說明主語是什么或者怎么樣。一般結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+系動詞+表語從句”?？山颖碚Z從句的系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等。類別引導(dǎo)詞用法從屬連詞that只起連接作用，不作句子成分,無實際意義whether只起連接作用,不作句子成分，意為“是否”，不能用if替換類別引導(dǎo)詞用法連接代詞who,what,whom,whose,which等在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等連接副詞when,where,why,how等在從句中作狀語其他連詞because主句主語一般不用reasonasif/asthough表語從句表示的情況發(fā)生的可能性較小時，常用虛擬語氣續(xù)表從屬連詞that的用法：①無意義；②不充當(dāng)成分。而whether有詞義，意為“是否”。這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question,trouble,problem,result,chance,suggestion,idea,reason等。表語從句對主句主語進行說明、解釋，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。Thereasonforhisabsenceisthathehasn’tbeeninformed.他缺席的原因是他沒被通知。Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.關(guān)鍵在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。

1.由連接詞that,whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.她不能理解的是越來越少的學(xué)生對她的課感興趣。誤區(qū)警示if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句。

2.由連接代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句

在連接代詞who,what,which,whom,whose等引導(dǎo)的表語從句中，連接代詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語等，并且不能省略。Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.問題是我們哪一個應(yīng)該去。

Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.問題是誰能做這項工作。That’swhatheisworryingabout.

那就是他在擔(dān)心的事。That’swhatweshoulddo.那是我們應(yīng)該做的。

3.由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句在連接副詞when,where,why,how等引導(dǎo)的表語從句中，連接副詞在從句中作狀語。Goandgetyourcoat.It’swhereyouleftit.去把衣服拿來。就在你原來放的地方。Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.我既沒雨衣也沒傘。那就是我濕透的原因。Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠每年是怎樣損害大量糧食的。

4.由從屬連詞because,asif/asthough等引導(dǎo)的表語從句Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起來好像要下雪了。That’sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.這是因為我們從未想過此事。Itseemsasthoughhedidn’tknowtheanswer.好像他不知道答案。why和because引導(dǎo)的表語從句的區(qū)別That’swhy...意為“那是……的原因”，強調(diào)結(jié)果That’sbecause...意為“那是因為……”強調(diào)原因Ididn’tphoneher,andthat’swhyshegotangrywithme.（強調(diào)“沒打電話”這一結(jié)果）我沒有給她打電話。那就是她對我生氣的原因。Ididn’tphoneher,andthat’sbecauseIgotangrywithher.（強調(diào)“生氣”這一原因）我沒有給她打電話。那是因為我生她的氣了。易混辨析誤區(qū)警示reason作主語時，后面的表語從句表示原因時要用that引導(dǎo)，不宜用because。在表語從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是：advice,suggestion,proposal,request,order,idea等,從句謂語形式是“should+動詞原形”（should可以省略）。Myadviceisthatyou（should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.我的建議是你（應(yīng)該）盡可能多地練習(xí)說英語。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.我的建議是我們應(yīng)該告訴他。

5.表語從句中的虛擬語氣Ⅰ.單句填空1.Hegotcaughtintheheavytraffic.Thatwas________hewaslate.why2.Energyis_________makesthingswork.what3.Wedidn’tsetout;itwas____________wewantedtowaituntilourmothercameback.because4.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis_________onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.that5.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot_________shipsarebuiltfor.what6.Thetroubleis_________Icantfindmyway.that7.Whathewantstoknowis____________wecanfinishourworkbytomorrowmorning.whether8.ThereasonwhyIwassadwas_________hedidn’tunderstandme.that9.Thatis_________wearelookingforwardto.what10.Theproblemis________isreallyfitforthehardjob.who11.That’s__________Ifirstmether,thesmallbeautifulpark.where12.Hissolerequirementwas_________thesystemwork.that13.Thefirsttimewemeteachotherwas_________westudiedinthatschool.when14.Thereisnodoubtthatthat’s________Iobjecttotheplan.whyⅡ.完成句子1.困難是我們資金短缺。Thetroubleis_______________________________.thatweareshortofmoney2.這就是新英格蘭牧場用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因。Thatis_______________________________________________aroundNewEnglandfields.whystonewallsareusedinsteadoffences3.聽起來好像有人在敲門。Itsounds__________________________________________.asifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor4.當(dāng)時，我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?。Atthattime,itseemed______________________________________________anyhow.asifIcouldn’tthinkoftherightword5.問題是她把他的錢弄丟了。Thetroubleis________________________________.thatshehaslosthismoney6.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。Thequestionis___________________________________.whetherweneedmoreicecreamⅠ.單句語法填空1.—Areyoualocalpersoninthecountryside?—IwasborninWashingtonD.C.,butthisis__________Igrewup.where2.Hewenttothehospitalforamedicalexamination.Andthatis________hewasabsentfromthemeeting.why3.Manypeoplearenotfullyawareofthedamagethatitdoestotheirhealth.Thisis________wechosethispictureasourlogo.why4.Themixtureofbetterjobs,specialgovernmentpoliciesandhavingsponsorsforstudyingabroadis_________liesbehindthechangestoChina’sbraindrain.whatthat6.Thereasonwhyshepreferredcitylifeis_________shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.that7.AllthemistakesIevermadeinmylifewere_________Iwantedtosay“No”andsaid“Yes”.when8.—Iheardyouwantedtostudyfurtherinaforeigncollege.—Yes,that’s________ItrymybesttolearnEnglishwell.why9.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeis_________happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.what10.—Ourcountryisdevelopingatanamazingspeed!—Yes.Thisis_________makesmefeelsoproud.what11.Whatmadetheschoolproudwas_________morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.thatthat13.Thismodernhotel,inwhichthevisitorscanenjoythebestserviceinthecity,is__________Marystayedlasttime.where14.WhatTom’sparentsreallydoubtis____________hewillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.whether15.WhatamazedtheNBAworldis_________KobeBryantscored81pointsjustinonegame.thatⅡ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Thatitwastoovaluableforeverydayusewasaproblem.→_________________________itwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.Theproblemwasthat2.ThisisthethingthatIwanttotellyou.→Thisis____________________________.whatIwanttotellyou3.Myideaistostartmakingpreparationsrightnow.→Myideais________________________makingpreparationsrightnow.thatIshouldstart4.Whetherthefilmisworthseeingisaquestion.→____________________________thefilmisworthseeing.Thequestioniswhether5.YouarenotthemanwhoIthoughtyouwere.→Youarenot____________________________.whatIthoughtyouwereⅢ.完成句子1.真正重要的不在于別人怎么看待你,而在于你怎么看待你自己。（表語從句）Whatreallymattersis______________________________________________________________.nothowothersthinkofyoubuthowyouthinkofyourselfthatthedevicewasinventedbyahighschoolstudent3.問題是你能否在大多數(shù)人反對的情況下堅持自己的觀點。（表語從句）Theproblemis________________________________________________whilemostpeopleareagainstit.whetheryoucansticktoyourpointofview4.我獲悉了你對英語校報的改革方案,那就是為什么我寫信發(fā)表我自己觀點。IreadaboutyourreformoftheschoolEnglishnewspaper,andthat’s_________________________________________.whyI’mwritingtovoicemyopinion5.事實是地球表面超過百分之七十都是被水覆蓋的。（表語從句）______________________morethanseventypercentoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.ThatfactisthatⅠ.閱讀理解turntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecameaprofessorthere.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1933,theInstituteforAdvancedStudywasformed,andhebecameoneofthe6full-timepeople（Einsteinwasoneoftheothers）.WorldWarⅡhugelychangedvonNeumann’sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpuremathematician.Duringandafterthewar,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicstheoriesintopractice.DuringthelastpartoftheVonNeumannreallywasalegendinhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofhislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthisway,“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”1.Accordingtothetext,vonNeumann’sfatherbelievedthat______.A.amathematiciancouldn’tearnalotofmoneyB.amathematicianneededagoodmemoryC.vonNeumannhadtheabilitytolearntwosubjectsatthesametimeD.vonNeumannhadthegiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeedA2.VonNeumannpublishedhisfirstbookattheageof______.A.23 B.26 C.29 D.32C[解析]【命題立意】推理判斷題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)第一段中的In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineering可知，他出生在1903年。然后由第二段中的Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.可以計算出他第一本書出版是在他29歲時，所以答案選C。3.HowdidWorldWarⅡaffectJohnvonNeumann?(

)A.Herealizedtheimportanceofengineering.B.Hebegantoresearchhowtoputmathematicsintopractice.C.Heleftcollegeandservedatthegovernmentdepartment.D.Helostinterestinchemistry.B[解析]【命題立意】細節(jié)理解題?！窘忸}思路】由第三段中的Duringandafterthewar,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicstheoriesintopractice.可知，在戰(zhàn)爭期間和戰(zhàn)后他開始把數(shù)學(xué)理論應(yīng)用于實踐，所以B項正確。4.WhatcanweconcludeaboutvonNeumannbasedonthetext?(

)A.Hehadthreechildren.B.Hediedinanaccident.C.Hereceivedmanyawardsinhislife.D.HeandEinsteinwereclassmatesatPrincetonUniversity.C[解析]【命題立意】細節(jié)理解題。【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段中的Hereceivedmanyawards可知C項正確。Ⅱ.語法填空toquithasbeenshiftsproductionas/sonecessarilyflewtheboomingairtravelbroughtthedemandfortwin-engineplanesthatcanflynon-stopto9_________peoplewanttotravel.AnAirbusspokespersonsaidtheA380wasa“passengermagnet”,andhewas10_______________（disappoint）thattheairline’smisunderstoodandmarketeditpoorly.wheredisappointed1.____________toquit[解析][語篇解讀]本文介紹了空中客車公司生產(chǎn)的A380飛機的歷史和面臨的問題?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：飛機制造商空中客車公司宣布，計劃停止生產(chǎn)其著名的A380飛機。此處用不定式作后置定語修飾plans，故填toquit。2._____________hasbeen[解析]考查時態(tài)。句意：A380是世界上最大的客機，已經(jīng)在役12年了。根據(jù)時間狀語for12years以及前面的時態(tài)可知，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時。故用hasbeen。3.___________shifts[解析]考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：然而，乘客需求的變化意味著大型四引擎客機的時代已經(jīng)結(jié)束。shift作“改變”講時為可數(shù)名詞，在此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4._______________production[解析]考查名詞。句意：空中客車公司決定停止生產(chǎn)541座的A380客機。設(shè)空處在句中作stop的賓語，故用名詞形式。5.__________as/so[解析]考查固定搭配。分析句子可知，此處為notso/as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)。6.________________necessarily[解析]考查副詞。設(shè)空處修飾動詞，應(yīng)用副詞形式。7._________flew[解析]考查時態(tài)。句意：A380于2005年4月首次飛行。句子中有明顯表示過去的時間狀語，時態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過去時。8.________the[解析]考查冠詞。thenumberof…意為“……的數(shù)量”。10._________________disappointed[解析]考查形容詞。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)用disappoint的形容詞形式，設(shè)空處修飾人，故用disappointed。9.__________where[解析]考查名詞性從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從