專升本英語語法知識歸納

一時態(tài)和語態(tài)：16種表現(xiàn)形式

時/現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來

態(tài)

一般do/doesdidwill/shalldowould/

am/is/arewas/wereshoulddo

進行am/is/are,was/werewill/shallbewould/

doingdoingdoingshouldbe

doing

完成have/hoshaddonewill/shallhavewould/shouldhave

donedonedone

用于圜a語氣

完成have/hashadbeenwill/shallhavewould/should

進行beendoingdoingbeendoinghavebeen

doing

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(do/does;am/is/are)

考點如下：

1.時間狀語：

2.表示客觀事實，永恒真理和規(guī)律。

必考點1：3.(主將從現(xiàn))在時間和條件狀語從句中，從句中的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時表示

一般將來時。

考法：IfyoupassthespokenEnglishtest,youwillgetachancetogoabroad.

解析：考試一般都會給出時間/條件連詞，且從句中的時態(tài)，讓考生們選擇主句中的時態(tài)。

注意1：如果從句中的時態(tài)是do/does,那么主句中是willdo/shalldo/begoingtodo/be

abouttodo/betodo.(be動詞為am/is/are;這里willdo出現(xiàn)的考點頻率最高)

注意2：如果從句中的時態(tài)是did,那么主句中是woulddo/shouldldo/begoingtodo/be

abouttodo/betodo.(be動詞為was/were;這里would/shoulddo出現(xiàn)的考點頻率最高)

2.Heassoonashefinisheshishomework.

A.goestobedB.willgoestobed

C.wenttobedD.willgotobed

主將從現(xiàn)例題：用所給詞的適當形式填空：

1.Ifhe(study)harder,hewillcatchupwithussoon.

2.Frank(see)afilmifhe'sfreenextSaturday.

3.Wewon'tgototheparkifit(rain)tomorrow.

注意3：主句中暗含一般將來時，從句中仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(do/does)：

1.thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe

a.willarriveb.arrives

c.isarrivingd.isgoingtoarrive

2.--canIjoinyourclub,Dad?

---youcanwhenyouabitolder.

a.getb.willgetc.aregettingd.willhaveget

3.remembertosendmeaphotoofyoursonnexttimeyoutome.

a.writeb.willwritec.arewritingd.wouldwrite

4.IfMr.Smithback,pleaseletmeknow.

A.willcomeB.comesC.cameD.hadcome

必考點2：4.themore...,themore…句型

完整句型：The+形容詞/副詞的比較級+（名詞）+主語+謂語，the+形容詞/副詞的比較級+

（名詞）+主語+謂語.

Eg:Themorebookshereads,thehappierheis.

12年真題：18題

shesaid,shegot.

A.Themorethemoreexcited

B.Moreexcited

C.Muchthemoreexcited

D.Themuchexcited

翻譯練習題：

1.他越忙就越高興。

Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.

2.你越用功,進步就越大。

Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.

二、一般過去時（did;was/were）考點如下：

1.時間狀語：lastweek/year/month;yesterday;in2003;beforeago

2.必考點：關(guān)于use的短語方法：根據(jù)主語定

sb.usedtodo"過去常常”（肯定表否定）

sb.be/get/becomeusedtodoingsth.

“某人習慣于做某事”

sth.beusedtodosth.、

sth.beuesdfordoingsth.

sth.usedtobedone”某物被用來做。。?！?/p>

三、一般將來時（willdo）考點如下：

1.表現(xiàn)形式：willdo/begoingtodo/betodo/beaboutto^o...when...

2.必考點：表位移的方向性瞬間動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時或者是現(xiàn)在進行時表將來（一般用于列

車時刻表的出發(fā)或者是離開）

必考點：leave;come;go;start;arrive；begin;takeoff

11年真題19題

Histrain_______at9:00tomorrowmorning.Iwillsee

himoff.

A.leavesB.isleft

C.willhaveleftD.willbeleft

四、現(xiàn)在進行時(am/is/aredoing)

1.常與now連用，表示現(xiàn)在正在做某事

2.常與always,constantly,continually連用，表達一種感情色彩

3.必考點：表方向性的位移瞬間動詞用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來

leave;come;go;start;arrive;move

五、現(xiàn)在完成時(have/hasdone)考點如下：

1.必考點：提示詞

(1).since+過去時間點/句子(did),主句(have/hasdone)e.g.since1995

(2).for+一段時間e.g.for5years

(3).lately>recently>sofar=uptonow=bynow=tillnow、just>already>thesedays

(4).in/over/during/for+thepast/last+few/具體數(shù)字+years/days/months

1.wetheJourneytotheWestsincewewereyoung.

a.sawb.havesee

c.haveseend.havebeenseen

2.hurryup!thefilmfortenminutes.

a.hadbegunb.hasbegun

c.begand.begins

用所給詞的適當形式填空：

1.1already(see)thefilm.I(see)itlastweek.

2.he(finish)hisworktoday?

Notyet.

3.you(be)toHongKong?

Yes,I(be)theretwice.

4.Hejust(finish)hishomework.

六：過去完成時(haddone)與將來完成時(willhavedone)

必考點總結(jié)：

(1).過去完成時：by/bytheendof+過去時間(bylastweek/month/year)

將來完成時：by/bytheendof+將來時間(bynext/thisweek/month/year)

Eg:wehadfinishedallthecoursesbytheendoflastterm.

Wewillhavefinishedallthecoursesbytheendofnextterm.

(2).過去完成時：bythetime/when+(did),主句(haddone)

將來完成時：bythetime/when+(do/does),主句(willhavedone)

Eg:whenhecamewehadeatenallthefood.

whenhecomeswewillhaveeatenallthefood.

七：固定句型(必考點)4個

1.It/This/That+is+the+序數(shù)詞/形容詞的最高級+(n.)+that+句子(have/hasdone)

2.It/This/That+was+the+序數(shù)詞/形容詞的最高級+(n.)+that+句子(haddone)

3.hardly/scarcely??,when;nosooner,,,than

4.hope/expect/plan/promise/besure/assure+that+(一般將來時：will/shalldo)

5.hoped/expected/planed/promised/besured/assured…+that+(過去將來時：would/shoulddo)

6.had+hoped/expected/thought/intended/meant/supposed/wanted本希望/本期盼/本想/….(虛

擬語氣)+句子(did)

過去完成時：例題賞析：

1.whenwearrivedatthecinema,thetickets.

a.soldoutb.sellsout

c.hadbeensoldoutd.hadsoldout

2.WhenIreachedhome,myparentstheirsupper.

A.arehavingB.havealreadyhad

C.havehadD.hadalreadyhad

(3)Wetheworkbysixyesterdayevening.

A.finishedB.wouldfinish

C.hadfinishedD.hadbeenfinished

(4)DidyouseeXiaoLiattheparty?No,bythetimeIarrived.

A.shehadleftB.she*sleft

C.ShewasleftD.shemustleave

12年21題

1.Hardlyhadhefinishedhisspeechtheaudiencestartedcheering.

a.whenb.thanc.andd.as

10年22題

Hardlywhenaloudexplosionwasheard.

a.thetrainhadstartedb.hadthetrainstarted

c.thetrainstatedd.didthetrainstart

將來完成時：例題演練：

1.Bytheendofthisyear,1enoughmoneyforaholiday.

A.willhavesavedB.willbesaving

C.willsavedD.havesaved

2.“AreyougoingtoRichardvsbirthdayparty?"

Yes.BythenI______myhomework..”

A.hadfinishedB.willhavefinished

C.wouldhavefinished

D.finished

3.Ihopethattheytheroadbythetimewecomeback.

A.willhaverepaired

B.wouldhaverepaired

C.haverepairedD.hadrepaired

4.BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we_______inEuropefortwoweeks.

A.shallstayB.willhavestayed

C.havestayedD.havebeenstaying

5.Theconferenceafullweekbythetimeitends.

A.musthavelastedB.willhavelasted

C.wouldlastD.haslasted

6.Allthemachinesbytheendofthefollowingweek.

A.wererepairedB.willberepaired

C.havebeenrepairedDwillhavebeenrepaired

09年23題

ProfessorLiuhereforoverthirtyyearswhenheretires.

a.willteachb.willhavebeentaught

c.willbeteachingd.willhavetaught

10年19題

BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,theSmiths______inEuropeforthreeweeks.

a.havestayedb.havebeenstaying

c.shallstayd.willhavestayed

12年19題

Theyfromtheuniversitybytheendofthismonth.

a.aregraduatingb.wouldgraduate

c.havegraduatedd.willhavegraduated

將來完成時&將來完成進行時：

1.1hereinthisfactoryfortwentyyearsbytheendofthisyear.

a.shallhavebeenworking

b.shallworked

c.worked

d.amworking

2.wefortenhourswhentheycomeback.

a.willwork

b.willhaveworked

c.willhavebeenworking

d.Work

注意：當現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成時同時出現(xiàn)在選項中，優(yōu)選現(xiàn)在完成進行時(have/hasbeen

doing)

1.1hereinthisfactoryfortwentyyearsbytheendofthisyear.

a.shallhavebeenworking

b.shallworked

c.worked

d.amworking

2.wefortenhourswhentheycomeback.

a.willwork

b.willhaveworked

c.willhavebeenworking

d.work

語態(tài)真題：

20.Yourcomputerneeds.

a.repairb.repairing

c.torepaird.beingrepaired

注意：同樣考點的詞：n土ed/want/worth/require/request/deserve+doingsth.

表示被動語態(tài)

二定語從句：

句子成分：主謂是基礎(chǔ)，賓表可有可無，定狀補是輔助.

句子分類：簡單句，并列句，復(fù)合句

簡單句：

1.主語+不及物動詞主謂：Hemoved.

2.主語+及物動詞+賓語主謂賓：welikeTuLei./HemovedtoBJ.

主語+不及物動詞+介詞+賓語

3.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補語主謂賓賓補：Iaskhimtoleave.

4.主語+雙賓動詞+間賓（人）+直賓（物）主謂間賓直賓：Hegivesmealetter.

5.主語+系動詞+表語主系表：Sheisnice./Sheisastudent.

6.Therebe句型Thereare20peopleinthehall.

并列句：

由and,or,but,notonly??,butalso…，neither…nor…等連詞連接兩個并列句子

Wearenotonlyfriendsbutalsowearegoodsisters.

Wedonotlikeher,butshelikesus.

WewentshoppingandweboughtalotoftoyslastSunday.

復(fù)合句：

定語從句（形容詞性從句）/名詞性從句/狀語從句（副詞性從句）

定語：形容詞做定語，修飾名詞或代詞。

Eg:greenleaf;redflower;handsomeboy;beautifulgirl;bigone;

定語從句：

一、概念：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子.（在句子中作定語）

Eg:TheboywhoiswearingglassesisHarryPorter.

Eg:HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞6個：who/whom/that/whose/as/which

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞3個：when/where/why

判斷關(guān)鍵：關(guān)系代詞+不完整句子關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做（主語/賓語/定語）

關(guān)系副詞+完整句子

各個關(guān)系代詞考點總結(jié)：

That:

1.熟悉什么情況下只能選擇that

①序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾先行詞時

TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.

ItisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.

②先行詞被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修飾時。

rvereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.

③everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定代詞作先行詞時

Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.

④先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時。

Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.

⑤主句已有who或which時

Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?

WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.

⑥當先行詞同時指人和物時

rveneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.

2.考點：

①在定于從句中，介詞不能加that,考試時，看到這些on/of/about/for+that直接排除。

②that不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，考試時，看到題干中有逗號時，直接排除that以及what

③在定語從句中差表語，可用that

Eg:heisnotthepersonthatusedtobe.

考點題：

1.Isthisfactoryyouvisitedlastyear?

A.Theoneb.Thatc.Whichd.where

2.Isthisthefactoryyouvisitedlastyear?

A.Theoneb.Thatc.Whod.where

Which的用法總結(jié)：

1.在非限制性定語從句中，看到題干有逗號，且定于從句是不完整的，選擇which.

2.介詞+which考點居多

inwhich=where

onwhich=when

forwhich=why

3.當定語從句中先行詞為表時間/地點/原因的詞時，且定于從句是不完整的，這時關(guān)系詞選

擇which/that皆可。但注意一定不能選擇when/where/why

Eg：Haveyoueveraskedhimthereason______mayexplainhisabsencefromtheclass

AwhyBwhenCthatDwhat

4.當先行詞表示人物身份，職位，頭銜時，關(guān)系詞選擇which,不能選擇who.

Eg:sheisaactor,whichisknowntous.

As考點總結(jié)：

1.固定搭配：thesame+n.+as+定語從句；such+n.+as+定語從句

2.一般位于句首的固定搭配：

Asisknowntoall,.

Asisseen/reported,.

Whose的考點總結(jié)：選項中出現(xiàn)whose時，一定要慎重考慮是否滿足一下條件：

題干中空格前后都有名詞，且把空格去掉，空格的前后名詞有所屬關(guān)系時，選擇whose。

Eg:ilikethebookwhosecolorisyellow.

Way做先行詞時，關(guān)系詞可以用that/inwhich/"不用/”

Eg:idonotlikethewaythat/inwhich/"/"hespeakstome.

三.名詞性從句:

名詞從句連接詞連接詞是否作成分連接詞是否省略對應(yīng)的簡單句類型

從屬連詞that不作成分且無實義賓從中可以省略陳述句

從屬連詞whether;if不作成分“是否”不能?。ㄊ欠瘢┮话阋蓡柧?/p>

連接副詞when作狀語不能省特殊疑問句

/where/why/how

連接代詞：who作主語/賓語/表語不能省特殊疑問句

whomwhatwhichwhowhomwhat

whose作定語：which+n.

“哪個”

whose+n.

Eg:

主語從句Whatyouneedismorepractice.

賓語從句Wemustfindoutwhodidallthis.

表語從句Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.

同位語從句ThevisitorexpressedhishopethathewouldvisitChinaagain.

學習要領(lǐng)：

1.連接詞(重點)

2.從句中的語序(陳述句語序)

3.時態(tài)一致(賓從)

注意：

考點一：that在名詞性從句中考點,that加完整句子，不做任何成分。

句型一：Itis/was+adj./n.+that+完整從句(shoulddo/bedone)表虛擬

句型二：Thereasonfor+n./n.短語+is/wasthat…

Thereasonwhy+完整句子+is/wasthat

Eg:Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathehasleftthecity.

句型三：以下紅色字體必須記住

news/fact/hope/idea/doubt/evidence/information/message/word/problem/promise/wish/question/tr

uth+典+完整從句

Wewerealloverjoyedatthenewstheexperimentturnedoutasuccess.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.what

注意考點：同位語從句說明的名詞有時會和后面的同位語從句分隔：

Anideacametohershemightdotheexperimentinanotherway.

A.thatB.whatC.whenD.which

句型四：強調(diào)句型：

Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分.

注意：此句型不強調(diào)謂語；謂語動詞由do/does/did+動詞原形表強調(diào)。

歷年來，考察強調(diào)的時間和地點居多，因此考生只需記住以下固定結(jié)構(gòu)，也可選擇正確答案。

即看到in/on/at/about任何一個就選擇that：

Itis/was+in/on/at/about+n.+也電+完整句子.

ItwasinlibrarythatImetMarythismorning.

句型五：think/find/feel/consider/make/believe/regard/hate/take/owe/have/seeto+it+(adj./n.)

+that賓語從句

Eg:Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.

考點二：what的考法：

當what前無名詞，后面句子不完整時，選擇what;反之，是不能選擇的，直接排除。

如：Whatsurprisesmeisthattheyhavefinishedalltheworkinoneday.

總結(jié)：當選項中有what時,且空格位于句首，大多數(shù)情況都選擇what.

whether(1).Prep.+whether:

Eg:wecannotfindout(whether/if)heleaves.

考點三：whether用法總結(jié)：

1.看到題干中有ornot,選項有whether,就選whether.

2.選項中有whether和if時，若空格后有todo,直接選擇whether.

Eg:whethertodo:

Icannotdecidewhether(whether/if)tostay.

考點四：若選項中出現(xiàn)it,記住以下句型。

注意：紅色單詞必須記住，考點頻率高。

th如k/find/feel/consider/make/believe/regard/

hate/take/owe/have/seeto+it+(adj./n.)+todosth.

Eg:Ithinkitnecessarytotakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.

因此，給考生總結(jié)出怎么判斷不同的從句：

定語從句：n./pron.+從句(完整句子或不完整句子)

同位語從句：特定的n.+典從句(完整句子)

主語從句：從句+is/was/does

賓語從句：v./prep./adj.+從句

表語從句：be/feel/looks+從句

狀語從句：主句+conj.+完整從句

完整從句+conj.+主句

關(guān)于狀語從句，考生們必須記住引導(dǎo)九種狀語從句的連詞各自含義。

四.主謂一致重點：

1.就近原則

notonly...butalso...;

not...but...;

neither...nor...;

either...or...;這個已考

or;

perhaps;

NotonlyhebutalsoIknowthematter.Know

Neithermybrothersnormyfather

likesfootball.

Oneortwosandwichesarenotenoughforme.

2.and

n.+and+n.+復(fù)數(shù)謂語

xiaoliandxiaohongaress.

(1)A=each/every/manya/no

如果A修飾and前后的兩個單數(shù)名詞或者A只修飾and前或后面的一個單數(shù)名詞時，謂語

單數(shù)。

Eachminuteandeverysecondisvaluable/cherishforus.

Eachminuteandsecondisvaluable/cherishforus.

Minuteandeverysecondisvaluable/cherishforus.

B=a/an/the如果B修飾and前后兩個單數(shù)名詞時，謂語復(fù)數(shù)。

如果B只修飾and前面名詞，不修飾后面的名詞，謂語單數(shù)。

Themanagerandtheboardattendthemeeting.

Themanagerandboardattendsthemeeting.

And前后的主語表示單一概念或指同一個物體時，謂語單數(shù)

Breadandbutterismyfavor.

Earlytobedandearlytoriseisagoodhabit.

Whenandwhere+單數(shù)謂語

Peaceandwar+單數(shù)謂語

Forkandknife+單數(shù)謂語

3.manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語”許多“

ManyaboylikesTULEL

Morethanoneof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)謂語quantitiesof+C./U.+復(fù)數(shù)謂語

4.從句中的謂語動詞：

定語從句：從句中謂語取決于先行詞

主句+oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（先行詞）+關(guān)系詞+定語從句（復(fù)數(shù)謂語）

主句+the/only/very/theonly/thevery+oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（先行詞）+關(guān)系詞+定語從句（單數(shù)

謂語）

Eg:sheisoneoftheteacherswhospeakFrenchwell.

sheistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhospeaksFrenchwell.

注意：oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語+單數(shù)謂語

Oneoftheguardswassleeping.

5.分數(shù)或百分數(shù)加名詞作主語，謂語取決于分數(shù)或百分數(shù)后的名詞

分數(shù)表達法：one/two-second/third/fourth/fifth

One-second;two-fifths

20percentof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞

Two-fifthsofthestudentsleave.

Three-fourthsoftheearth5ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.

40percentofthestudentscomehere.

五.反義疑問句

1.含有must用法

Must作情態(tài)動詞must+do必須

Must,mustn't/needn't+主語？

Mustn't,must+主語？

Eg:youmustfinishthetaskbefore5p.m.,mustn''tyou/you?

Wemustn'tbelate,mustwe?

Must表示推測時：

Must+do對現(xiàn)在情況推測“一定是"，反義部分用Must后面的動詞

Eg:hemustbeateacher,isn'the?

HemustarriveatGZ,doesn^the?

Must對過去肯定的推測，musthavedone“一定做過某事"

如果句中有明確的過去時間，（yesterday/lastweek/month/year/night）,反義部分用didn^t+

主語？

Eg:itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn,?tit?

如果句中沒有明確的過去時間詞，反義部分用haverTt/hasiTt+主語?

itmusthaverained,hasn'tit?

2.復(fù)合句

A.I/we+think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect+that從句，看從句不看主句？

Ithinkheisagoodman,isn^the?

Idon“tthinkheisagoodman,ishe?

B.you/he/she/+think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect+that賓語從句,反義部分看主句不看

從句？

Mymotherthinksthatheisagoodman,doesn,?tshe?

Mymotherdoesn'tthinkthatheisagoodman,doesshe?

4.陳述句中主語是不定代詞：

指人：

everyone=everybody;someone/nobody/noone

these/those反義部分主語they.

Everyoneisuniqueintheworld,aren'tthey?

主語：something/everything/nothingtodo/doing/從句/this/that,反義主語用it.

Thisisnotmyfault,isit?

Learningisgoodhabit,isn'tit?

5.虛擬語氣

(1).If的虛擬倒裝是重點：

當選項中有had/were/should時，記住以下結(jié)構(gòu)：should位于句首情況已考，不會再考。

Should+主語+do/be,主句(would/should/could/might+do).

Were+主語+todo,主句((would/should/could/might+do).

Had+主語+done,主句((would/should/could/might+do).

(2)(should)do/(should)bedone表虛擬的考點：

考生看到以下藍色單詞直接在選項中去找答案是動詞原形或者be+done結(jié)構(gòu)的選項。

suggest(tion)/propose/proposal/advise/advice/order/command/

important/imperative/necessary/essential/urgent/strange/naturalincase/fbrfearthat/lest/apity/no

wander/ashame/+(should)do/(should)bedone

Suggest和essential已考，不會再考，但要注意其他單詞。

(3)wish/wouldrather/wouldsooner/asif/ifonly+did(對現(xiàn)在虛擬)

wish/wouldrather/wouldsooner/asif/ifonly+haddone(對過去虛擬)

wish/wouldrather/wouldsooner/asif7ifonly+would/could/mightdo(對將來)

Wish+coulddo已考。不會再考，但要注意其他時態(tài)。只要出現(xiàn)

wish/wouldrather/wouldsooner/asif/ifonly，選項中有did/haddone/woulddo任何一個出

現(xiàn)，就選擇。

(4)oOtherwise/butfor/without+woulddo/wouldhavedone

Otherwise+wouldhavedone已考，只要出現(xiàn)otherwise,答案就是wouldhavedone.今后可能

會在用所給詞的適當形式填空里面。

另外，在大多數(shù)情況下，選擇題中，出現(xiàn)了butfor/withour,也是選擇wouldhavedone的選

項。

六.非謂語動詞

Todo表示將要去做(主動語態(tài))

Tobedone表示將要被(被動語態(tài))

Doing正在做某事(主動語態(tài))

Beingdone正在被(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動)

Done做完某事(被動語態(tài))

Havingdone做完某事(主動語態(tài))

Havingbeendone做完某事(被動語態(tài))

1.分詞作狀語題：注意整句只有一個主語

Eg:

John,_____thebet,hadtopayforthedinner.

A.Lostb.Havinglostc.Losingd.Havingloss

解析：d選項loss是名詞"驚慌"，故排除。A選擇lost可以當作是過去時，但句中無連詞，

又